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A simple approach to measuring upper ocean light quality using an underwater camera

Intelligent Marine technology and Systems 2025年第1期3卷 1-10页

作者： Yang, Xin Yu, Xiaolong Lin, Gong Wang, Yongchao Lee, Zhongping State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth Sciences Xiamen University Xiamen China National Observation and Research Station for the Taiwan Strait Marine Ecosystem Xiamen University Zhangzhou China Tianjin Research Institute for Water Transport Engineering National Engineering Research Center of Port Hydraulic Construction Technology Tianjin China

Solar radiation is the fundamental driving force of the Earth’s system. In the upper water column, interactions such as absorption and scattering by water constituents decrease light intensity (photon quantity) and alter light quality (spectral distribution of photons). Although changes in solar intensity have been extensively studied over the years, variations in light quality with depth have received comparatively little scholarly attention. This dearth of research may be due to the lack of simple and cost-effective instruments for measuring light quality, unlike commercial instruments available for measuring solar intensity. In this study, we present a simple approach that uses an underwater camera and a diffuser to measure light quality, represented by the hue angle (HA) of the downwelling irradiance. Our results reveal that the HA from this simple, low-cost device aligns closely with measurements from an expensive hyperspectral radiometer across various water types, ranging from oceanic to coastal waters (R2 = 0.94, mean absolute percentage difference = 1.64%). The widespread adoption of this approach could significantly enhance our understanding of the impact of solar radiation on the biogeochemical processes in aquatic environments.

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Interfacial engineering of 0d/2d Cu2s/Ti3c2 for Efficient Photocatalytic Synchronous Removal of Tetracycline and Cr(Vi)

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Wang, Zengyu Lv, Zhiwei Pan, Yuyang Zeng, Bowen Wang, FaFa Yang, Xiaoyu Mao, Ping School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Engineering Handan056038 China Key Laboratory for Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Mineral Salt Deep Utilization School of Chemical Engineering Huaiyin Institute of Technology Huaian223003 China

With the advancement of industrialization and urbanization, the arbitrary emission of sewage containing TC and Cr(VI) possess a serious threat to both ecological environment and public health. However, developing a low-toxicity and cost-effective photocatalyst for the simultaneous elimination of these two pollutants remains a formidable task. This study devised a photocatalytic sample (CSMX-X) comprised of Cu2S and Ti3C2 through a simple solvothermal method and applied it to remove TC and Cr(VI). Advanced characterization techniques disclose that Cu2S nanoparticles evenly spread across the surface of single sheet Ti3C2. The heterojunction formed between Cu2S and Ti3C2 not only enhances the specific surface area of Cu2S, but also effectively addresses the problems of insufficient separation efficiency of photogenerated holes and electrons and low carrier density. The photocatalytic efficiency of CSMX-5 for individual pollutant (Cr(VI) or TC) can reach more than 90%, while the removal efficiency for mixed Cr(VI) and TC pollutants only decreases by 12%. Meanwhile, copper leaching levels under different pH conditions are considerably lower than 2 mg/L safety standard set by the World Health Organization. This study provides valuable perspectives for constructing Cu2S based composite photocatalysts to remove multiple contaminants in real aquatic environments. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Removal Performance and Mechanism of Bi2o3 for Radioactive Iodine in Water: The Role of Crystal Forms and Oxygen Vacancy

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Dai, Xiao-Jun Chen, Yi-Ting Zhang, Wen-Ge Li, Shu-Xuan Gu, Ao-Tian Gong, Chun-Hui Wang, Peng Lu, Ji-Gen Yang, Yi State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse School of Environmental and Biological Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Particle Laboratory Center for Environmental Metrology National Institute of Metrology Beijing100022 China Jiangsu Environmental Protection Group Co. Ltd Nanjing210036 China

Radioactive iodine poses a potential threat to human health. Bi2O3 has great potential for the removal of radioactive iodine, however, the adsorption performance and adsorption mechanism of its different crystal forms for radioactive iodine ions (I-) in water are not clear. In this paper, the adsorption performance and adsorption mechanisms of four different crystal forms (α, β, δ, γ) of Bi2O3 on I- were systematically investigated. Among them, β-Bi2O3 and δ-Bi2O3 exhibited the optimal adsorption rate and adsorption capacity, respectively, and the oxygen vacancy (OV) on the surface were one of the main influences on the properties. Interestingly, there is crystal form transformation and amorphization of different crystal forms during I- adsorption and the adsorption products are different for different crystal forms. The selectivity, pH adaptation and radiation resistance of the four Bi2O3 were explored by experiments. In addition, the effects of crystal form and OV on the adsorption properties were analyzed by density functional theory (DFT). This study provides a theoretical basis for the design and preparation of different crystal forms of Bi2O3 composites for the adsorption of I-. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Oxygen vacancies

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Flexible three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) based on liquid metal

Wearable Electronics

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Wearable Electronics 2025年 2卷 1-17页

作者： Ruiwen Tian Jianhui Chen Ming Zhu Dianpeng Qi Xiaodong Chen MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for New Energy Conversion and Storage National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Synthesis Transformation and Separation of Extreme Environmental Nutrients School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 PR China Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX) Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore Key Laboratory of Science and Engineering for the Multi-modal Prevention and Control of Major Chronic Diseases Ministry of Industry and Information Technology Zhengzhou Research Institute of Harbin Institute of Technology Zhengzhou 450000 PR China

The rapid advancement of flexible electronics has unlocked opportunities across diverse fields, including medical science and device engineering. Developing flexible three-dimensional integrated circuits (3D ICs) is a key strategy for driving the miniaturisation, wearability and multifunctionality of flexible devices. Among these innovations, liquid metal-based flexible electronics have elicited significant attention due to their exceptional conductivity, high stretchability and low toxicity. This review highlights recent research breakthroughs in the application of liquid metal for flexible 3D ICs, providing a detailed discussion of the design concepts and strategies for patterning and interconnection structures that harness the unique properties of liquid metal. Using 3D printing technology to fabricate high-resolution, durable 3D ICs from liquid metal represents a major research direction. Moreover, advanced fabrication methods diverging from conventional 3D printing systems are explored. Finally, we examine persistent challenges and offer a forward-looking perspective on the potential of liquid metal-based flexible 3D ICs to revolutionise human–machine interactions and enable intelligent living.

关键词： Liquid metal Gallium–indium alloy Flexible electronics Three-dimensional Integrated circuit 3D printing

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Comprehensive Insight into External Field-Driven CO2 Reduction to CO: Recent Progress and Future Prospects

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Advanced Energy Materials 2025年第0期

作者： Xiao, Zhourong Zhang, Hui Tan, Xinyi Ye, Fei Zhang, Yaru Gu, Jianmin Li, Junjie Sun, Kaihang Zhang, Senlin Zou, Ji-Jun Wang, Desong Hebei Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Yanshan University Qinhuangdao066004 China Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Dalian116023 China College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha410082 China Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Technology of Ministry of Education School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China School of Sciences Hebei University of Science and Technology Shijiazhuang050018 China

Currently, thermal catalysis is the predominant method for achieving the reverse water–gas shift (RWGS) reaction for the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO), which is a crucial intermediate in the synthesis of other high value-added chemicals via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis. To extend the applicability of CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) to CO, researchers have explored CO2 RR to CO that utilizes other external fields in addition to thermal fields. This review commences by providing an overview of the research background pertinent to the CO2 RR to CO, and then the primary reaction mechanisms and potential pathways associated with the CO2 RR process are summarized. Furthermore, the impact of various external fields, including traditional thermal fields, light fields, photothermal coupling fields, solar thermochemical fields, laser fields, electric fields, photoelectric fields, electromagnetic fields, and plasma fields, on the CO2 RR to CO is investigated. Finally, a summary and future perspectives on the CO2 RR to CO as influenced by external fields are presented. It is anticipated that this review will provide valuable insights for research focused on the preparation of high-value-added CO through CO2 RR enhanced by external fields. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Reaction intermediates

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Effects of plant invasion and land use change on soil labile organic carbon in southern China’s coastal wetla

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Soil Ecology Letters 2025年第1期7卷 133-143页

作者： Lihua Wang Wenjing Liu Xueya Zhou Shenglei Fu Ping Yang Chuan Tong Hong Yang Dongyao Sun Linhai Zhang Wanyi Zhu Kam W.Tang Institute of Geography Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China School of Geographical Sciences Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Resources and Environment Fujian Normal UniversityFuzhou 350117China Laboratory of Geospatial Technology for the Middle and Lower Yellow River Regions College of Environment and PlanningHenan UniversityJinming AvenueKaifeng 475004China Henan Dabieshan National Field Observation&Research Station of Forest Ecosystem Xinyang 464039China Department of Geography and Environmental Science University of ReadingReading RG66AHUK School of Geography Science and Geomatics Engineering Suzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhou 215009China Department of Life Sciences Texas A&M University-Corpus ChristiTX 78412USA

Labile organic carbon(LOC)plays a pivotal role in soil biogeochemistry and ecological ***’s coastal wetlands have been profoundly impacted due to plant invasion and land use change,but the effects on soil LOC quantity and composition are *** study analyzed the soil LOC components—namely,dissolved organic carbon(DOC),easily oxidizable carbon(EOC),and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)—across twenty-one coastal wetlands in southeastern *** wetlands underwent a uniform land cover transition from native mudflats(MFs)to Spartina alterniflora marshes(SAs),and eventually to aquaculture ponds(APs).The results indicated that EOC was the dominant component of soil organic carbon(SOC)(57.5%–61.6%),followed by MBC(3.5%–4.5%)and DOC(<0.5%).The transition from MFs to SAs led to a rise in mean EOC and DOC by 18.6%and 41.4%,*** conversion of SAs to APs resulted in a reduction in mean EOC and DOC by 5.9%and 20.3%,*** did not differ significantly among habitat *** nitrogen availability was the main driver of changes in LOC across both land cover change *** mineralization rate of SOC were more strongly correlated with DOC than EOC and *** turnover of EOC was temperature dependent across the geographical *** finds highlighted that plant invasion and land use change affected LOC fractions and subsequent SOC stability and carbon emissions in coastal wetlands.

关键词： labile organic carbon(LOC) dissolved organic carbon(DOC) microbial biomass carbon(MBC) carbon stock plant invasion aquaculture reclamation

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Uncovering the Phytotoxicity of Typical Perovskite Nanomaterials in Peanut Plants

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Li, Ziqian Liu, Hong Xiao, Yunmu Min, Ke Pan, Yuliang Li, Yong Yan, Wende National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry & Ecology in South China the Laboratory of Urban Forest Ecology of Hunan Province Department of Life and Environmental Science Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan Province Changsha410004 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100085 China Hunan Normal University China

This study systematically investigates the phytotoxic mechanisms of lead-based perovskite solar cells (Pb-PSCs), an emerging energy nanomaterial, using the deep-rooted leguminous crop Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) as a model system. Multi-scale analyses integrating physiological, spatial elemental imaging, and omics approaches revealed that Pb-PSC exposure induced significant morphological impairments, including root morphogenesis inhibition and stem elongation reduction. Spatial imaging techniques revealed the Pb uptake and transport through apoplast pathway and active transport pathway in root tissue. The internalized Pb element accumulated as salt precipitation around the root epidermis and cortex nearby endodermis, resulting in compression distortion of cell structures. Meanwhile, Pb PSC exposure induced an inhibition of Ca and Cu upward transport, causing nutrient deficiency in plants. Omics analysis indicated the enhancement of Salicylic Acid (SA) signaling pathways in defense response, and the metabolic hyperactivity led to poor root growth and development. This work pioneers the elucidation of absorption dynamics, spatial distribution patterns, and molecular toxicity cascades of Pb-PSCs in plants, providing critical insights for ecological risk mitigation and sustainable nanomaterial design. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Brain

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Chainmail Structures of CoNi Alloys Encapsulated in Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes Empowered Long-Term Stable Detection of Sodium Ions

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Small 2025年 e2501034页

作者： Zhao, Yong-Huan Xia, Rui-Ze Cai, Xin Liu, Zi-Hao Song, Zong-Yin Chen, Shi-Hua Yang, Meng Lin, Jing-Yi Xiao, Xiang-Yu Li, Pei-Hua Huang, Xing-Jiu Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics and Technology and Environmental Materials and Pollution Control Laboratory Institute of Solid State Physics HFIPS Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China Institute of Environment Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei230088 China School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China

Low potential drift is one of the performance criteria for designing all-solid-state sodium ion selective electrodes (Na+-SC-ISEs), which directly affects the stability and reliability of detection results. Currently, most attempts primarily focus on improving the hydrophobicity and capacitance of solid-contact (SC) layers to enhance the stability of Na+-SC-ISEs, while neglecting the important impact of the stability and capacitance retention rate of SC materials on the long-term stability of Na+-SC-ISEs. Herein, chainmail-structured nanomaterials are elaborately designed, where CoNi alloys are encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (NCNTs), as SC layers for the construction of all-solid sodium ion selective electrodes. The Na+-SC-ISEs based on CoNi-in-NCNTs (CoNi-in-NCNTs/Na+-ISEs) achieve a minimal potential drift of 1.14 µV h−1 during long-term stable detection for 4 days and a commendable capacitance retention rate of 92%. It is revealed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and kinetic simulations that CoNi alloys continuously penetrate electrons to NCNTs surface, realizing the rapid ion-electron transduction at the SC interface. Besides, NCNTs both serve as physical barriers to the hydrophobic interface to prevent the water layer formation and provide more support sites to restrain CoNi nanoparticles aggregating. Such barrier protection and electron penetration effect of the CoNi-in-NCNTs significantly enhances the long-term stable detection of Na+. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Ion selective electrodes

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Evaluating CMIP6 models for CO2 and CH4 concentrations across Africa: performance, biases, and implications for climate predictions

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Climate Dynamics 2025年第5期63卷 1-18页

作者： Magara, Genesis Mozammel Haque, Md. Okrah, Abraham Nyasulu, Matthews Yeboah, Emmanuel Ebaju, Gerverse Kamukama Akimana, Diane Taukir Hasan, Md. Mostahidul Hasan, S.M. Atmospheric Environment Center Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation On Climate and Environmental Change Ministry of Education Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex Shanghai Academy of Environment Sciences Shanghai 200233 China Department of Civil Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul South Korea School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing China Department of Chemistry Jagannath University Dhaka 1100 Bangladesh

Understanding and accurately predicting greenhouse gas concentrations, particularly CO2 and CH4, are critical for assessing climate change impacts and informing policy decisions. This study addresses the challenge of evaluating the performance of CMIP6 climate models in simulating these key greenhouse gases across Africa. By comparing model outputs with reanalysis data, we assess the accuracy and reliability of these models in capturing CO2 and CH4 concentrations, which are essential for understanding regional climate dynamics and informing adaptation strategies. Our evaluation utilized various statistical methods, including linear regression, Pearson's correlation (mean: 0.82 ± 0.05 for CO2, 0.67 ± 0.08 for CH4), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Relative Mean Bias (RMB), to determine model performance and variability. Results indicate that most CMIP6 models exhibit a strong correlation with reanalysis data for CO2 (mean RMSE: ± 5.3 ppm;MAE: ± 4.8 ppm), although models such as CESM2 and CESM2-FV2 show significant overestimation (RMB: + 15%). In contrast, CH4 simulations display substantial underestimation, particularly in northern Africa, with error margins ranging from ± 13.7 to ± 22.4 ppb, revealing difficulties in accurately representing CH4 emissions and sinks. These findings underscore the models’ strengths in CO2 simulations but highlight notable limitations in CH4 modelling. Future research should focus on improving model parameterizations and addressing regional biases to enhance the accuracy of climate projections and deepen our understanding of greenhouse gas impacts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Climate change adaptation CMIP6 models Greenhouse gasses Model evaluation

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An Ensemble Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Sources of Organic Aerosols Measured by Aerosol Mass Spectrometry

ACS ES&T Air

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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第3期2卷 378-385页

作者： Yunjiang Zhang Jie Fang Qingxiao Meng Xinlei Ge Hasna Chebaicheb Olivier Favez Jean-Eudes Petit Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China；Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550 France Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing 210044 China Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques Verneuil-en-Halatte 60550 France Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement CEA/Orme des Merisiers Gif sur Yvette 91191 France

Long-term source apportionment of atmospheric organic aerosols (OA) is essential for supporting air pollution management strategies. While aerosol mass spectrometry (AMS) combined with traditional source apportionment tools can accurately identify various OA sources, they face efficiency challenges when processing large volumes of long-term data. This study proposes an ensemble machine learning approach to efficiently apportion OA sources from long-term AMS measurements. Using six-year observation of a simplified version of AMS (i.e., ACSM) in the Paris region along with OA factor data derived from positive matrix factorization analysis, we developed an ensemble machine learning source apportionment model. Compared to individual machine learning algorithms, the ensemble model substantially reduced the root-mean-square error (RMSE) and increased the correlation coefficient in predicting OA sources by approximately 30% and 5%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis with five years of baseline data revealed that model performance relatively stabilizes when the training data exceeds two years, with RMSE values for primary and secondary OA factors at 0.31–0.45 μg/m3and 0.69–0.84 μg/m3, respectively. This ensemble model not only enhances the efficiency of long-term OA source apportionment but also holds potential for near-real-time online applications.

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