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PCG: Mitigating Conflict-based Cache Side-channel Attacks with Prefetching

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arXiv

arXiv 2024年

作者： Jiang, Fang Tong, Fei Wang, Hongyu Cheng, Xiaoyu Zhou, Zhe Ling, Ming Mao, Yuxing The School of Cyber Science and Engineering Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing China Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Security for Ubiquitous Network China The Purple Mountain Laboratories Jiangsu Nanjing China The State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology Chongqing University Wiscom System Co. LTD China The School of Integrated Circuits Southeast University Jiangsu Nanjing China

To defend against conflict-based cache side-channel attacks, cache partitioning or remapping techniques were proposed to prevent set conflicts between different security domains or obfuscate the locations of such conflicts. But such techniques complicate cache design and may result in significant performance penalties. Therefore, there have been lightweight prefetching-based schemes proposed to introduce noise to confuse attackers’ observation. However, we have validated experimentally that relying on prefetching to only introduce noise is insufficient, as attackers can still reliably distinguish the victim’s cache accesses. This paper proposes a novel prefetching-based scheme, called PCG. It combines adding victim-irrelevant cache occupancy changes and reducing victim-relevant cache occupancy changes to disrupt attackers by generating noisy and indistinguishable cache access patterns. Additionally, PCG can either work independently or seamlessly be integrated with most of the commonly used prefetchers. We have implemented and evaluated PCG in both gem5 and the open-source RISC-V core BOOMv3. The evaluation results show the PCG’s robust security superior to the existing solutions, while without resulting in significant performance degradation. According to the evaluation based on the SPEC CPU 2017 benchmark suite, PCG even shows an average performance improvement of about 1.64%. Moreover, it incurs only 1.26% overhead on hardware resource consumption. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Side channel attack

Experimental and Numerical Study on the Plasma-Laser-Induced Ignition of Strut Stabilizer at Different Locations

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jia, Xin Hu, Bin Zhao, Wei Zeng, Wen Peng, Jiangbo Zhao, Qingjun Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Advanced Light-duty Gas-turbine Beijing100190 China School of Aeronautics and Astronautics University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China School of Aero-engine Shenyang Aerospace University Shenyang110136 China School of Astronautics Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin150001 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Distributed Combined Cooling Heating and Power System Beijing100190 China

The ignition performance of the strut stabilizer is an important parameter in the design of integrated afterburners. The ignition location significantly affects the ignition performance and flame propagation, and therefore it should be deeply studied. The ignition performance and flame propagation at different axial ignition locations downstream of the strut stabilizer are studied in this paper. When the dimensionless ignition distance (L/D) is approximately 1, a lower ignition equivalence ratio is required for ignition, and the flame propagates faster to the entire combustion chamber. For different ignition locations, the generated flame kernel propagates to the shear layer, the flame rapidly then extends, and ultimately ignites the entire combustion chamber. The flame propagation trajectory depends on the ignition location controlled by the non-reacting flow field and the distribution of kerosene concentration. The flame propagation trajectory mainly includes three ways: (1) the flame kernel which is directly downstream the shear layer when the ignition location is close to the tail edge of the stabilizer, (2) the flame propagates upstream into the shear layer in a U-shape when the ignition location is far from the stabilizer but still in the recirculation zone, and (3) the flame propagates upstream into the recirculation zone and shear layer in a U-shape when the ignition location is outside the recirculation zone. In addition, the time for the flame propagating to the shear layer is directly related to the ignition performance when the ignition location is within the recirculation zone. If the flame reaches the shear layer for a longer time, there will be more energy loss during the flame propagation process, and the ignition performance will be deteriorated. The speed of the flame trailing edge extension is directly related to the ignition fuel-air-ratio, and the downstream extension of the flame is mainly affected by the turbulence velocity in the shear layer.

关键词： Ignition

Research on Image Enhancement and Detection Techniques for Multiple Fault Types in Insulators of power Transmission Lines

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SSRN 2024年

作者： He, Min Qin, Liang Li, Qiang Zhu, Wanjun Deng, Xinlan Liu, Kaipei Hubei Key Laboratory of Power Equipment System Security for Integrated Energy 299 Bayi Road Wuchang District Hubei Wuhan430072 China School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Wuhan University 299 Bayi Road Wuchang District Hubei Wuhan430072 China State Grid Information Telecommunication Group Co. Ltd. Changping District Future Science and Technology City Beijing102211 China

Insulators are crucial components in power transmission lines, and their exposure to harsh environmental conditions can lead to malfunctions. The complexity of insulator inspection arises primarily from the intricate lighting and background conditions in the inspection environment. Effectively and promptly detecting the fault status of these insulators in such a complex environment is an urgent issue that needs to be *** paper addresses the challenges posed by complex lighting conditions, particularly the issues of uneven illumination in low-light and high overexposure environments. A novel adversarial network based on structure and brightness layer decomposition and fusion is designed to tackle these challenges. Through the implementation of a brightness balance loss strategy, the usability of inspection images is enhanced, resulting in an average PSNR improvement of 0.4 and an SSIM improvement of 0.29 in the enhanced ***, an improved YOLOv8-based algorithm for detecting multiple fault types in aerial images of insulators with complex backgrounds and varying fault sizes is designed. This algorithm aims to achieve rapid and accurate localization of insulators and their respective fault areas.A portion of the approach utilizes the distribu tion characteristics of insulators, combining them with an axial attention feature extraction structure to extract targets in complex backgrounds. In the subsequent feature fusion stage, a multi-scale feature fusion structure, Res-PANet, based on residual skip connections, is constructed to replace the original PANet network. This replacement aims to enhance the detection accuracy of the network in multi-object *** results indicate that the detection model, after preprocessing for complex lighting conditions, achieves a higher detection accuracy, with an average precision of 89.93%. This demonstrates a strong practical value for engineering applications. © 2024, The Authors. All rights r

关键词： Fault detection

Excellent Energy Storage Properties in Zro2 Toughened Bst-Based Relaxor Ferroelectric Ceramics Via Multi-Scale Synergic Regulation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Yang, Fan Bao, Yizheng Zeng, Biao Wu, Jiyue Li, Xin Sun, Yiyang Chen, Ying Wang, Genshui Key Laboratory of Inorganic Functional Materials and Devices Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences 1295 Dingxi Road Shanghai200050 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China The State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai200050 China National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated circuits Shanghai Institute of Micro-system and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences 865 Changning Road Shanghai200050 China

Lead-free ceramic capacitors offer ultrahigh power density and ultrafast discharging rates, making them critical energy storage components for advanced pulsed power systems. However, the greatest obstacle to broader applications remains the relatively low energy storage density. In this study, a relaxor ferroelectric ceramic based on (0.6-x)Ba0.55Sr0.45TiO3-0.4Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xSrZrO3 ((0.6-x)BST-0.4BNT-xSZ) is prepared using the tape casting method, resulting in an excellent energy density (Wrec ≈ 10.0 J cm-3) and high energy storage efficiency (η ≈ 91%). The solid solution of linear dielectrics SrZrO3 synergistically regulates both relaxor properties and breakdown strength. The variation of relaxor property was explored utilizing New Glass model and the multi-polarization model, with confirmation provided by piezoresponse force microscopy. Furthermore, the breakdown strength could be attributed to improvements in electric insulation and the widening of the bandgap. As SZ content increases, the in-situ emergence of the second phase ZrO2, accompanied by a martensitic transformation, not only improves the fracture toughness of ceramics but also serves to elongate the breakdown path. Encouragingly, 0.4BST-0.4BNT-0.2SZ also achieves excellent temperature stability (-95-125 ℃), frequency stability (1-1000 Hz), cycling reliability (1-106 cycles), and great charging-discharging properties. This multiscale synergic regulation strategy plays a guiding role in the screening of high-performance energy storage dielectric materials. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ductile fracture

Co-Encapsulation of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Bioactives Stabilized in Nanostarch-Assisted Emulsion Gel as Inner Core of Coaxial 3d Printing

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Niu, Ruihao Su, Jia Huang, Xiao Chen, Qihe Huang, Zhaojing Cheng, Huan Yin, Jun Zhou, Jianwei Xu, Enbo Liu, Donghong Zhao, Runan Hu, Haohao Yu, Xinyao College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing Integrated Research Base of Southern Fruit and Vegetable Preservation Technology Fuli Institute of Food Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Ningbo Research Institute Zhejiang University Ningbo315100 China Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta Zhejiang University Jiaxing314102 China State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems Zhejiang University Hangzhou310058 China Key Laboratory of 3D Printing Process and Equipment of Zhejiang Province School of Mechanical Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou310028 China Shanxi Normal University China Zhejiang University China

3D printing technology, especially coaxial 3D mode of multiple-component shaping, has great potential in the manufacture of personalized nutritional foods. However, the integration and stabilization of functional objectives different in nature is still a challenge for 3D customized foods. Here, we using starch nanoparticle (SNP) assisted soy protein (SPI) emulsion gel to load with the typical hydrophilic and hydrophobic bioactives (anthocyanin, AC, and curcumin, Cur, respectively). The addition of SNP significantly improved the storage stability of the emulsion. Xanthan gum (XG) was also added to the SNP/SPI system to enhance its rheology and form an emulsion gel as inner core of coaxial 3D printing. LF-NMR and emulsification analyses showed that AC/Cur@SNP/SPI/XG functional inner core had a strong water binding state and good stability. After printing with outer layer, the SNP/SPI coaxial sample had the lowest deviation rate of 0.8%. Also, SNP/SPI coaxial sample showed higher anthocyanin (90.2%) and curcumin (90.8%) retention compared to pure starch (S), pure SNP, pure SPI, and S/SPI samples as well as SNP/SPI sample printed without outer layer. In summary, this study provides a new perspective for the manufacture of customized products as multifunctional foods, feeds and even potential delivery of drugs. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anthocyanins

Intensity model with blur effect on GPUs applied to large-scale star simulators

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Ruan Jian Xue Bao/Journal of Software 2011年第SUPPL. 2期22卷 172-181页

作者： Li, Chao Zhang, Yun-Quan Zheng, Chang-Wen Hu, Xiao-Hui National Key Laboratory of Integrated Information System Technology Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Laboratory of Parallel Software and Computational Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China Graduate University Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

Intensity model with blur effect is widely employed to accurately simulate the imaging process of star simulator used for attitude determination and guiding feedback. It imposes great demands of computing power for realistic domains, and modern Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have demonstrated to be a powerful accelerator for this kind of computationally intensive simulations. This paper presents a parallel design and implementation of the intensity model applied to large-scale star simulators on GPUs using the compute unified device architecture (CUDA) programming model. The study analyzes the double parallel nature inherent in this model and use the CUDA framework to efficiently exploit the potential fine-grain data parallelism. Two versions of simulator are designed and studied: One is sequential simulator used as the baseline simulator, and another is parallel simulator using CUDA. In parallel strategy, model, and GPU implementation level, the study employs specific optimized strategies to efficiently improve the parallel performance. Finally, two benchmarks corresponding with the double parallelism are developed to fully evaluate the performance behavior of our simulators. The result analysis demonstrates the efficiency of the CUDA simulators and also illustrates the restriction and bottlenecks presented in this simulator. ©2011 Journal of Software.

关键词： Graphics processing unit

Low Profile Microsrip Antenna with Broadside Radiation Patterns and Low Cross Polarizations

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2019年第3期1237卷 032036-032036页

作者： Lai, Ping Xu, Chao Xu, Zhuo Luo, Kang Unit.32382 of PLA Wuhan Hubei 430311 China China Fire Rescue College Beijing Province 102230 China Comprehensive Information Guarantolice Corps Nanning Guangxi 530308 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System University Wuhan Hubei 430030 China

A low profile microstrip antenna with adjustable bandwidth around 3 GHz is proposed. The compact antenna consists of a square patch with a square aperture to tune the resonance center frequency. The input impedance bandwidth is about 2.67% with stable gain around 3.2 dBi. Besides, the 3-dB beam width is about 100°. Both the side-fed and bottom-fed modes are analyzed. According to the simulation, good broadside radiation patterns with low cross polarizations are observed in the two principal planes. The detailed design considerations are described and discussed while the surface current distribution and radiation characteristics are analyzed. This design is suitable for mobile wireless communication.

关键词：

Single-Shot Intensity- and Phase-Sensitive Compressive Sensing-Based Coherent Modulation Ultrafast Imaging

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Physical Review Letters 2024年第17期132卷 173801-173801页

作者： Chengzhi Jin Yingming Xu Dalong Qi Yunhua Yao Yuecheng Shen Lianzhong Deng Ruozhong Han Zhen Pan Jiali Yao Yilin He Zhengqi Huang Xingchen Pan Hua Tao Mingying Sun Cheng Liu Junhui Shi Jinyang Liang Zhiyong Wang Jianqiang Zhu Zhenrong Sun Shian Zhang State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy School of Physics and Electronic Science East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China Research Center for Humanoid Sensing Zhejiang Lab Hangzhou 311100 China Laboratory of Applied Computational Imaging Centre Énergie Matériaux Télécommunications Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique Varennes Québec J3X1S2 Canada School of Mathematical Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics Shanxi University Taiyuan 030006 China Joint Research Center of Light Manipulation Science and Photonic Integrated Chip of East China Normal University and Shandong Normal University East China Normal University Shanghai 200241 China

Ultrafast imaging can capture the dynamic scenes with a nanosecond and even femtosecond temporal resolution. Complementarily, phase imaging can provide the morphology, refractive index, or thickness information that intensity imaging cannot represent. Therefore, it is important to realize the simultaneous ultrafast intensity and phase imaging for achieving as much information as possible in the detection of ultrafast dynamic scenes. Here, we report a single-shot intensity- and phase-sensitive compressive sensing-based coherent modulation ultrafast imaging technique, shortened as CS-CMUI, which integrates coherent modulation imaging, compressive imaging, and streak imaging. We theoretically demonstrate through numerical simulations that CS-CMUI can obtain both the intensity and phase information of the dynamic scenes with ultrahigh fidelity. Furthermore, we experimentally build a CS-CMUI system and successfully measure the intensity and phase evolution of a multimode Q-switched laser pulse and the dynamical behavior of laser ablation on an indium tin oxide thin film. It is anticipated that CS-CMUI enables a profound comprehension of ultrafast phenomena and promotes the advancement of various practical applications, which will have substantial impact on fundamental and applied sciences.

关键词： Ultrafast optics Imaging & optical processing

Cardo poly (ether sulfone) toughened E51/DETDA epoxy resin and its carbon fiber composites

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Carbon 2024年 229卷

作者： Rong-peng Wu Xing-hua Zhang Xing-hai Wei De-qi Jing Wei-guo Su Shou-chun Zhang Research Center of Advanced Thermoplastic Composites Engineering Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials Institute of Coal Chemistry Chinese Academy Sciences Taiyuan 030001 China National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Vessel Integrated Power System Naval University of Engineering Wuhan 430033 China