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Communication time models on fat-tree networks

Communication time models on fat-tree networks

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International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering, ICACTE

作者： Yufei Lin Xinhai Xu Yisong Lin National Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing Computer School National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424465392;9781424465422

With the growth of supercomputer's scale, the communication time during executing is increasing. This phenomenon arouses the architecture researchers' interests. In this paper, based on the fat-tree topology, which is widely used in Infiniband, we present an one-to-all broadcast communication time model. After classifying applications into two kinds, we establish the ideal model and the bandwidth-limited model on the exponential-capacity binary fat-trees for the two kinds of applications. Through analyzing the models, we get the curves which describe the relationship between the communication time and the processor number. The conclusions we get in this paper can help system designers make better system design.

关键词： World Wide Web

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Kernel Fusion: An Effective Method for Better Power Efficiency on Multithreaded GPU

Kernel Fusion: An Effective Method for Better Power Efficien...

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IEEE/ACM Int'l Conference on & Int'l Conference on Cyber, Physical and Social Computing (CPSCom) Green Computing and Communications (GreenCom)

作者： Guibin Wang YiSong Lin Wei Yi National Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424497799

As one of the most popular accelerators, Graphics processing Unit (GPU) has demonstrated high computing power in several application fields. On the other hand, GPU also produces high power consumption and has been one of the most largest power consumers in desktop and supercomputer systems. However, software power optimization method targeted for GPU has not been well studied. In this work, we propose kernel fusion method to reduce energy consumption and improve power efficiency on GPU architecture. Through fusing two or more independent kernels, kernel fusion method achieves higher utilization and much more balanced demand for hardware resources, which provides much more potential for power optimization, such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). Basing on the CUDA programming model, this paper also gives several different fusion methods targeted for different situations. In order to make judicious fusion strategy, we deduce the process of fusing multiple independent kernels as a dynamic programming problem, which could be well solved with many existing tools and be simply embedded into compiler or runtime system. To reduce the overhead introduced by kernel fusion, we also propose effective method to reduce the usage of shared memory and coordinate the thread space of the kernels to be fused. Detailed experimental evaluation validates that the proposed kernel fusion method could reduce energy consumption without performance loss for several typical kernels.

关键词： Kernel Instruction sets Graphics processing unit Energy consumption Hardware Mathematical model Dynamic programming

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Power-Efficient Work Distribution Method for CPU-GPU Heterogeneous System

Power-Efficient Work Distribution Method for CPU-GPU Heterog...

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International Symposium on parallel and distributed processing with Applications, ISPA

作者： Guibin Wang Xiaoguang Ren National Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China

As the system scales up continuously, the problem of power consumption for high performance computing (HPC) system becomes more severe. Heterogeneous system integrating two or more kinds of processors, could be better adapted to heterogeneity in applications and provide much higher energy efficiency in theory. Many studies have shown heterogeneous system is preferable on energy consumption to homogeneous system in a multi-programmed computing environment. However, how to exploit energy efficiency (Flops/Watt) of heterogeneous system for a single application or even for a single phase in an application has not been well studied. This paper proposes a power-efficient work distribution method for single application on a CPU-GPU heterogeneous system. The proposed method could coordinate inter-processor work distribution and per-processor's frequency scaling to minimize energy consumption under a given scheduling length constraint. We conduct our experiment on a real system, which equips with a multi-core CPU and a multi-threaded GPU. Experimental results show that, with reasonably distributing work over CPU and GPU, the method achieves 14% reduction in energy consumption than static mappings for several typical benchmarks. We also demonstrate that our method could adapt to changes in scheduling length constraint and hardware configurations.

关键词： Graphics processing unit Energy consumption Power demand Processor scheduling Benchmark testing Power measurement

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Conflict graph based hardware transactional memory

Conflict graph based hardware transactional memory

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International Conference on Computer Science and Information Technology (CSIT)

作者： Kun Zeng National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China

This paper proposes a novel transactional memory design: conflict graph based hardware transactional memory. It allows two conflicting transactions both to commit if they do not violate the condition of serializability. Simulation results show that conflict graph based hardware transactional memory outperforms the state-of-art transactional memory system.

关键词： Protocols

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SemanticCast: Content-Based Data Distribution over Self-Organizing Semantic Overlay Networks

SemanticCast: Content-Based Data Distribution over Self-Orga...

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IEEE International Conference on parallel and distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies (PDCAT)

作者： Zhong Zheng Yijie Wang National Key Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

Many applications demand distributing data with different contents efficiently in the network environment with unreliable links and a high node churn. Existing approaches mostly focus on optimizing either efficiency or robustness of data distribution, and fail to ensure both of them simultaneously. In this paper, we propose Semantic Cast - a content-based data distribution approach over self-organizing semantic overlay networks. Semantic Cast maintains a self-organizing semantic overlay based on view exchange (called Crowd). In Crowd, each node seeks neighbors with more similar interests by periodically exchanging its neighbor list (called view) with a chosen neighbor. Through these nodes' self-organizing behavior, various interest communities emerge in the overlay. For data distribution over Crowd, Semantic Cast adopts random walk to route data between interest communities, and adopts flooding to disseminate data inside the interested communities. The experimental results show that compared to existing approaches, Semantic Cast can support efficient content-based data distribution in the unreliable and highly dynamic network environment.

关键词： Semantics Peer to peer computing Communities Routing Robustness Convergence Subscriptions

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Metal interference analysis and design rules of on-chip antennas for wireless interconnect

Metal interference analysis and design rules of on-chip ante...

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URSI International Symposium on Signals, Systems, and Electronics (ISSSE)

作者： Xiaowei He Minxuan Zhang Jinwen Li Shaoqing Li National Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China

The influence of on-chip metal interconnections, power grids, heat sink together with packaging, and metal dummy fills on the transmission characteristics of a 2mm-long integrated dipole antenna pair has been investigated in this paper. These metal structures and placements have been classified and particular simulations are performed to explore the interference effects of neighboring various metal structures on transmission gain, phase, impedance and radiation pattern for on-chip dipole antenna pair. By virtue of the experimental results and analyses, several experiential linear expressions for antenna pair gain and phase in interference circumstances are obtained using numerical fit. A set of design rules is concluded accordingly for guiding on-chip antenna layout and design targeting wireless interconnect.

关键词： Metals System-on-a-chip Transmitting antennas Dipole antennas Silicon

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Window memory accesses method in alternate row/column matrix access systems

Window memory accesses method in alternate row/column matrix...

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International Conference on Computer Engineering and Technology, ICCET

作者： Jie Zhou Yong Dou Yuanwu Lei Yazhuo Dong National Laboratory for Parallel & Distributed Processing National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Unit 91655 Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424463473;9781424463497;9781424463503

Many systems, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) processing, two-dimensional image processing, 2d-FFT calculation, need access the row and column data of their matrix alternately. The DRAM memory should be used due to huge data in these systems. To improve the usage of memory bandwidth in such systems, this paper theoretically analyses the optimal window size to minimize the total number of opening/closing pages when performing in such instances by balancing the number of handling physical pages between row and column accesses. This paper presents a window-based optimal memory access method, and we implemented an FPGA-based SDRAM controller with eight simple ports, which is based on window accessing mechanism and supports commercialized SDARM. The experimental results show that the effective I/O bandwidth of external SDRAM using our window layout approach increases from 114.2MB/s of naive implementation to 730.2MB/s with over 6X speedup. In addition, we implemented two SAR processing systems with four FFT processing elements using our window-based SDRAM controller and Corner Turn method separately in FPGA chip. Results show window-based method can achieve a speedup of 2.6 compared to Corner Turn method.

关键词： SDRAM Synthetic aperture radar Bandwidth Image processing Random access memory Performance analysis Optimal control Commercialization Control systems Field programmable gate arrays

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Stigmergic Collaboration: A Sign-Based Perspective of Stigmergy

Stigmergic Collaboration: A Sign-Based Perspective of Stigme...

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2010 International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation(2010 智能计算技术与自动化国际会议 ICICTA 2010)

作者： Chuanjun Ren Hongbing Huang Shiyao Jin National Laboratory for Parallel & Distributed Processing College of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424472796

Insects build architecturally complex nests and search for remote food by collaboration work despite their limited sensors, minimal individual intelligence and the lack of a central control system. Insets' collaborations emerge as a response of the individual insects to Stigmergy. A sign-based model of Stigmergy to discuss collaboration is proposed in this paper where we picked up "sign" as a key notion to understand it. Therefore, sign is the link of all the components in a Stigmergic complex adaptive system. Based on this understanding, we propose a definition that reveals the nature of signs and exploit the significations and relationships carried by the notion of sign. Then, a sign-based model of Stigmergy is consequently reached, which captures the essentials of Stigmergy. A basic architecture of Stigmergy as well as its constituents are presented and discussed. At last, some applications of the model are discussed.

关键词： Stigmergy Sign Emergence Collaboration CAS

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Notice of Retraction: parallel block multigrid preconditioner for 3D Navier-Stokes equations on unstructured grids

Notice of Retraction: Parallel block multigrid preconditione...

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International Conference on Computer Application and System Modeling (ICCASM)

作者： Zongzhe Li Lu Yao Wei Cao Yongxian Wang Zhenghua Wang School of Computer Science Parallel and Distributed Processing for National Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China

This article has been retracted by the publisher.

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nSET: Novel simulation method for single-electron tunnel device with 1-Dimension multiple islands

nSET: Novel simulation method for single-electron tunnel dev...

引用

IEEE International Nanoelectronics Conference (INEC)

作者： Bingcai Sui Yaqing Chi Liang Fang National Laboratory of Parallel and Distributed Processing School of Computer National University of Defense Technology Hunan China National University of Defense Technology China

ISBN: (纸本)9781424435432

Single-electronic transistors (SETs) are considered as the attractive candidates for post-CMOS VLSI due to their ultra-small size and low power consumption. Because SETs with single island can not work at room temperature normally, more and more researchers begin to make research on the SETs with 1-dimension multi-islands. A new simulation method-nSET, is introduced in this paper. Compared with other methods, nSET can simulate the SET device with 1-dimension multiple islands with high speed and accuracy. Through the comparison, it can be get that nSET is accurate and fast compared with the classical Monte Carlo (MC) simulator, and is very useful for the ASIC design of SET devices.

关键词： Tunneling Programming profession Capacitance Circuit simulation Electrostatics Single electron transistors Application specific integrated circuits Discrete event simulation Very large scale integration Energy consumption

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