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MilkyWay-2 supercomputer： system and application

Frontiers of computer Science 2014年第3期8卷 345-356页

作者： Xiangke LIAO Liquan XIAO Canqun YANG Yutong LU Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

On June 17, 2013, MilkyWay-2 （Tianhe-2） supercomputer was crowned as the fastest supercomputer in the world on the 41th TOP500 list. This paper provides an overview of the MilkyWay-2 project and describes the design of hardware and software systems. The key architecture features of MilkyWay-2 are highlighted, including neo-heterogeneous compute nodes integrating commodity- off-the-shelf processors and accelerators that share similar instruction set architecture, powerful networks that employ proprietary interconnection chips to support the massively parallel message-passing communications, proprietary 16- core processor designed for scientific computing, efficient software stacks that provide high performance file system, emerging programming model for heterogeneous systems, and intelligent system administration. We perform extensive evaluation with wide-ranging applications from LINPACK and Graph500 benchmarks to massively parallel software deployed in the system.

关键词： MilkyWay-2 supercomputer petaflops computing neo-heterogeneous architecture interconnect network heterogeneous programing model system management benchmark optimization performance evaluation

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The TH Express high performance interconnect networks

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Frontiers of computer Science 2014年第3期8卷 357-366页

作者： Zhengbin PANG Min XIE Jun ZHANG Yi ZHENG Guibin WANG Dezun DONG Guang SUO Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

Interconnection network plays an important role in scalable high performance computer （HPC） systems. The TH Express-2 interconnect has been used in MilkyWay-2 system to provide high-bandwidth and low-latency interprocessot communications, and continuous efforts are devoted to the development of our proprietary interconnect. This paper describes the state-of-the-art of our proprietary interconnect, especially emphasizing on the design of network interface. Several key features are introduced, such as user-level communication, remote direct memory access, offload collective operation, and hardware reliable end-to-end communication, etc. The design of a low level message passing infrastructures and an upper message passing services are also proposed. The preliminary performance results demonstrate the efficiency of the TH interconnect interface.

关键词： HPC network interface chip （NIC） TH Express nterconnect offload collective operation

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An Efficient Identity-Based Key Agreement Protocol in a Multiple PKG Environment

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2014年第5期19卷 455-460页

作者： ZHOU Huan WANG Xiaofeng SU Jinshu School of Computer National University of Defense Technology National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing National University of Defense Technology

Identity-based key agreement protocol affords a natural way to combine the participant＇s identity with its public key. However, most of them just consider the key agreement in a single private key generator （PKG） environment. In addition, the existing key agreement protocols have a great computing overhead for mobile computing which is more and more popular today. This paper proposes a new identity based key agreement protocol. With the help of mathematical tools, we make our protocol applied in multiple PKG environment. It also satisfies all the security properties which is set for key agreement protocol. Moreover, some of its time-consuming operations can be delivered to untrusted public computation resources, so its computing complexity can be greatly reduced.

关键词： key agreement identity based public computation multiple PKG environment

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Design and Implementation of a Highly Efficient DGEMM for 64-Bit ARMv8 Multi-core Processors

Design and Implementation of a Highly Efficient DGEMM for 64...

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International Conference on parallel processing (ICPP)

作者： Feng Wang Hao Jiang Ke Zuo Xing Su Jingling Xue Canqun Yang School of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales NSW Australia Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

This paper presents the design and implementation of a highly efficient Double-precision General Matrix Multiplication (DGEMM) based on Open BLAS for 64-bit ARMv8 eight-core processors. We adopt a theory-guided approach by first developing a performance model for this architecture and then using it to guide our exploration. The key enabler for a highly efficient DGEMM is a highly-optimized inner kernel GEBP developed in assembly language. We have obtained GEBP by (1) maximizing its compute-to-memory access ratios across all levels of the memory hierarchy in the ARMv8 architecture with its performance-critical block sizes being determined analytically, and (2) optimizing its computations through exploiting loop unrolling, instruction scheduling and software-implemented register rotation and taking advantage of A64 instructions to support efficient FMA operations, data transfers and prefetching. We have compared our DGEMM implemented in Open BLAS with another implemented in ATLAS (also in terms of a highly-optimized GEBP in assembly). Our implementation outperforms the one in ALTAS by improving the peak performance (efficiency) of DGEMM from 3.88 Gflops (80.9%) to 4.19 Gflops (87.2%) on one core and from 30.4 Gflops (79.2%) to 32.7 Gflops (85.3%) on eight cores. These results translate into substantial performance (efficiency) improvements by 7.79% on one core and 7.70% on eight cores. In addition, the efficiency of our implementation on one core is very close to the theoretical upper bound 91.5% obtained from micro-benchmarking. Our parallel implementation achieves good performance and scalability under varying thread counts across a range of matrix sizes evaluated.

关键词： Registers Kernel Computational modeling Program processors Assembly Memory management

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Accelerating FDTD simulation of microwave pulse coupling into narrow slots on the Intel MIC architecture

Accelerating FDTD simulation of microwave pulse coupling int...

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IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, computers and Signal processing

作者： Qinglin Wang Jie Liu Xiantao Cui Guitao Fu Chunye Gong Zuocheng Xing School of Computer Science National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Beijing Satellite Navigation Center Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781467377898

The coupling of microwaves into apertures plays an important part in many electromagnetic physics and engineering fields. When the width of apertures is very small, Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) simulation of the coupling is very time-consuming. As a many-core architecture, the Intel's Many Integrated Core (MIC) architecture owns 512-bit vector units and more than 200 threads. In this paper, we parallelize FDTD simulation of microwave pulse coupling into narrow slots on the Intel MIC architecture. In the implementation, the parallel programming model OpenMP is used to exploit thread parallelism while loop unrolling and SIMD intrinsic functions are utilized to accomplish vectorization. Compared with the serial version on Intel Xeon E5-2670 CPU, the implementation on the MIC coprocessor including 57 cores obtains a speedup of 11.57 times. The experiment results also demonstrate that the parallelization has good scalability in performance. Additionally, how binding relationship between OpenMP threads and hardware threads in MIC influences performance is also reported.

关键词： Microwave integrated circuits Finite difference methods Time-domain analysis Chlorine Hardware

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MilkyWay-2： back to the world Top 1

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Frontiers of computer Science 2014年第3期8卷 343-344页

作者： Xiangke LIAO Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 China

On the 41st Top500 list announced in June 2013, the MilkyWay-2 system produced by national University of Defense Technology （NUDT） in China won the first place with a LINPACK test result of 33.86 PFLOPS. It has been one and a half year since its predecessor, MilkyWay-1 （TH-1）, reached the same place for the first time. On the newest Top500 list published in November 2013, MilkyWay-2 continued to win the champion.

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Fast image matching algorithm based on affine invariants

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Journal of Central South University 2014年第5期21卷 1907-1918页

作者：张毅卢凯高颖慧 National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing(National University of Defense Technology) College of Computer National University of Defense Technology College of Electronic Science and Engineering National University of Defense Technology

Feature-based image matching algorithms play an indispensable role in automatic target recognition （ATR）. In this work, a fast image matching algorithm （FIMA） is proposed which utilizes the geometry feature of extended centroid （EC） to build affine invariants. Based on at-fine invariants of the length ratio of two parallel line segments, FIMA overcomes the invalidation problem of the state-of-the-art algorithms based on affine geometry features, and increases the feature diversity of different targets, thus reducing misjudgment rate during recognizing targets. However, it is found that FIMA suffers from the parallelogram contour problem and the coincidence invalidation. An advanced FIMA is designed to cope with these problems. Experiments prove that the proposed algorithms have better robustness for Gaussian noise, gray-scale change, contrast change, illumination and small three-dimensional rotation. Compared with the latest fast image matching algorithms based on geometry features, FIMA reaches the speedup of approximate 1.75 times. Thus, FIMA would be more suitable for actual ATR applications.

关键词： affine invariants image matching extended centroid robustness performance

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Memory Access Analysis of Many-core System with Abundant Bandwidth

Memory Access Analysis of Many-core System with Abundant Ban...

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IEEE International Symposium on Embedded Multicore Socs (MCSoC)

作者： Chuan Tang Dan Liu Zuocheng Xing Peng Yang Zhe Wang Jiang Xu Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479986712

Many-core system is main architecture trend currently. One of the dominating challenges for on-chip manycore system is the memory wall. However traditional research primarily focus on the limited bandwidth. To solve this problem, many-core system is aided with large cache, and a lot of complex approaches about memory and cache are adopted aiming at relaxing the pressure of bandwidth and improving the efficiency of cache. All these methods generate much cost of area and power. In this paper, we are motivated by the feature of abundant bandwidth and low latency of optical interconnect. We analyze the characteristics of memory access on 64 cores system under the case of high bandwidth which can be assumed to benefit from optical interconnect, considering the sensibility with bandwidth and cache for different benchmarks. Finally, we discuss about promising basic frameworks suitable for manycore system with optical interconnect.

关键词： Bandwidth Benchmark testing Optical interconnections Random access memory Delays Hidden Markov models computers

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Constrained Projective Non-negative Matrix Factorization for Semi-supervised Multi-label Learning

Constrained Projective Non-negative Matrix Factorization for...

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International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA)

作者： Xiang Zhang Naiyang Guan Zhigang Luo Xuejun Yang College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China National Laboratory for Parallel and Distributed Processing National University of Defense Technology Changsha China The State key Laboratory of High Performance Computing National University of Defense Technology Changsha China

This paper formulates multi-label learning as a constrained projective non-negative matrix factorization (CPNMF) problem which concentrates on a variant of the original projective NMF (PNMF) and explicitly introduces an auxiliary basis to learn the semantic subspace and boosts its discriminating ability by exploiting labeled and unlabeled examples together. Particularly, it propagates labels of the labeled examples to the unlabeled ones by enforcing coefficients of examples sharing identical semantic contents to be identical based on a hard constraint, i.e., embedding the class indicator of labeled examples into their coefficients. CPNMF preserves the geometrical structure of dataset via manifold regularization meanwhile captures the inherent structure of labels by using label correlations. We developed a multiplicative update rule (MUR) based algorithm to optimize CPNMF and proved its convergence. Experiments of image annotation on Corel dataset, text categorization on Rcv1v2 dataset, and text clustering on two popular text corpuses suggest the effectiveness of CPNMF.

关键词： Conferences

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DREAMS: Dynamic resource allocation for MapReduce with data skew

DREAMS: Dynamic resource allocation for MapReduce with data ...

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IFIP/IEEE International Symposium on Integrated Network Management

作者： Zhihong Liu Qi Zhang Mohamed Faten Zhani Raouf Boutaba Yaping Liu Zhenghu Gong College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha China David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Science and Technology on Parallel and Distributed Processing Laboratory National University of Defense Technology Changsha Hunan China

ISBN: (纸本)9781479982424

MapReduce has become a popular model for large-scale data processing in recent years. However, existing MapRe-duce schedulers still suffer from an issue known as partitioning skew, where the output of map tasks is unevenly distributed among reduce tasks. In this paper, we present DREAMS, a framework that provides run-time partitioning skew mitigation. Unlike previous approaches that try to balance the workload of reducers by repartitioning the intermediate data assigned to each reduce task, in DREAMS we cope with partitioning skew by adjusting task run-time resource allocation. We show that our approach allows DREAMS to eliminate the overhead of data repartitioning. Through experiments using both real and synthetic workloads running on a 11-node virtual virtualised Hadoop cluster, we show that DREAMS can effectively mitigate negative impact of partitioning skew, thereby improving job performance by up to 20.3%.

关键词： Resource management Containers Predictive models Mathematical model Monitoring Biomedical monitoring Yarn

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