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4th International Conference on Electrical and Information Technologies for Rail Transportation, EITRT 2019

作者： Long, Jing Xu, Sheng Yun Wang, Zhipeng Cheng, Xiao Qing Guangzhou Metro Group Co. LTD Guangdong China National Research Center of System Engineering of Railway Intelligent Transport Beijing China State Key Lab of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9789811528651

The failure prediction and life assessment method based on physics of failure (PoF) approach has been more widely used. This paper mainly describes the fatigue life assessment process design of board-level PCBA based on PoF approach. At first, the complete board-level PCBA fatigue life evaluation process is given, and the application of PoF model in various stages of the evaluation process is stated. Then a detailed description of their applicable conditions, as well as input and output parameters when they are applicated are given, thus providing a reference for the fatigue life evaluation and reliability design and evaluation of PCBA. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2020.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Industrial Scene Text Detection with Refined Feature-attentive Network

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Guan, Tongkun Gu, Chaochen Lu, Changsheng Tu, Jingzheng Feng, Qi Wu, Kaijie Guan, Xinping The Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai200240 China The College of Engineering and Computer Science The Australian National University CanberraACT2600 Australia

Detecting the marking characters of industrial metal parts remains challenging due to low visual contrast, uneven illumination, corroded surfaces, and cluttered background of metal part images. Affected by these factors, bounding boxes generated by most existing methods could not locate low-contrast text areas very well. In this paper, we propose a refined feature-attentive network (RFN) to solve the inaccurate localization problem. Specifically, we first design a parallel feature integration mechanism to construct an adaptive feature representation from multi-resolution features, which enhances the perception of multi-scale texts at each scale-specific level to generate a high-quality attention map. Then, an attentive proposal refinement module is developed by the attention map to rectify the location deviation of candidate boxes. Besides, a re-scoring mechanism is designed to select text boxes with the best rectified location. To promote the research towards industrial scene text detection, we contribute two industrial scene text datasets, including a total of 102156 images and 1948809 text instances with various character structures and metal parts. Extensive experiments on our dataset and four public datasets demonstrate that our proposed method achieves the state-of-the-art performance. Both code and dataset are available at: https://***/TongkunGuan/RFN. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Character recognition

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Progress of the TianQin project

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Luo, Jun Bai, Shaojun Bai, Yan-Zheng Cai, Lin Dang, Hao Dong, Qijia Duan, Hui-Zong Du, Yuanbo Fan, Lei Fu, Xinju Gao, Yong Gou, Xingyu Gu, Defeng Guo, Changlei Hong, Wei Hu, Bin Hu, Heran Hu, Ming Hu, Yi-Ming Huang, Fa Peng Ji, Xin Jiang, Yuan-Ze Li, En-Kun Li, Hongyin Li, Ming Li, Ming Li, Yong Li, Zhu Li, Zizheng Lian, JunXiang Liang, Yu-Rong Lin, Xudong Liu, Jianping Liu, Lin-Xia Liu, Kui Liu, Li Liu, Minghe Liu, Qi Liu, Yan-Chong Liu, Yue Luo, Peng-Shun Luo, Yingxin Ma, Yi-Qiu Ma, Yun Meng, Yunhe Milyukov, Vadim Peng, Jian-Guo Postnov, Konstantin Qu, Shao-Bo Shan, Tilei Shao, Cheng-Gang Shi, Changfu Song, Pei-Yi Song, Yunfei Su, Wei Tan, Ding Yin Tan, Shuping Tan, Yu-Jie Tan, Wenhai Tu, Liangcheng Wang, Cheng-Rui Wang, Guoyong Wang, Lijiao Wang, Pan-Pan Wang, Shun Wang, Xiaoyong Wang, Xudong Wang, Yan Wei, Ran Wu, Shu-Chao Xu, Jie Xu, Zhi-Lin Xue, Chao Yan, Hao Yan, Yong Yang, Changpeng Yang, Shanqing Yeh, Hsien-Chi Yin, Hang Tong, Yelong Yu, Jian-Bo Yuan, Wen-Hao Zhang, Bu-Tian Zhang, Dexuan Zhang, Jian-Dong Zhang, Jie Zhang, Lihua Zhang, Xuefeng Zhao, Guoying Zhao, Liqian Zhao, Xin Zhou, An-Nan Zhou, Hao Zhou, Peng Zhou, Yupeng Zhou, Ze-Bing Zhu, Fan Zhu, Liang-Gui Zhu, Lin Zou, Kui Mei, Jianwei MOE Key Laboratory of TianQin Mission TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics School of Physics and Astronomy Frontiers Science Center for TianQin Gravitational Wave Research Center of CNSA Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519082 China National Gravitation Laboratory MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China DFH Satellite Co. Ltd. Beijing100094 China Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity Beijing100076 China National Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Thermal Control of Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing100094 China Space Star Technology CO. LTD. Beijing100095 China Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing100094 China School of Artificial Intelligence Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519082 China Shanxi Xi’an710199 China Sternberg Astronomical Institute M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow119234 Russia Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China

TianQin is a future space-based gravitational wave observatory targeting the frequency window of 10−4 Hz ∼ 1 Hz. A large variety of gravitational wave sources are expected in this frequency band, including the merger of massive black hole binaries, the inspiral of extreme/intermediate mass ratio systems, stellar-mass black hole binaries, Galactic compact binaries, and so on. TianQin will consist of three Earth orbiting satellites on nearly identical orbits with orbital radii of about 105 km. The satellites will form a normal triangle constellation whose plane is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. The TianQin project has been progressing smoothly following the "0123" technology roadmap. In step "0", the TianQin laser ranging station has been constructed and it has successfully ranged to all the five retro-reflectors on the Moon. In step "1", the drag-free control technology has been tested and demonstrated using the TianQin-1 satellite. In step "2", the inter-satellite laser interferometry technology will be tested using the pair of TianQin-2 satellites. The TianQin-2 mission has been officially approved and the satellites will be launched around 2026. In step "3", i.e., the TianQin-3 mission, three identical satellites will be launched around 2035 to form the space-based gravitational wave detector, TianQin, and to start gravitational wave detection in space. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Laser interferometry

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Comparative analysis of the M-out-of-N structure in EN50129:2018 and IEC61508:2010

Comparative analysis of the M-out-of-N structure in EN50129:...

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2020 International Conference on Mechatronics Technology and Intelligent Manufacturing, ICMTIM 2020

作者： Wang, Yiwei Wang, Yixuan Ma, Lianchuan Wen, Jiakun Zhang, Fan School of Electronic and Information Engineering Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China School of Mathematics and Physics University of Science&Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China National Engineering Research Center for Rail Transit Operation Control System Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing100044 China

By comparing and analysing EN50129:2018 and IEC 61508:2010, it is found that there are differences in the meaning of the M-out-of-N structure between these two standards. The reason for the differences lays in that the M-out-of-N structure definition of EN50129:2018 is based on the required functions, while the M-out-of-N structure definition of IEC 61508:2010 is based on the dangerous failures. The 2 out of 2 structure defined by EN50129:2018 is equivalent to the 1 out of 2 structure defined by IEC 61508:2010. The 2 out of 2 structure defined by IEC 61508:2010 is equivalent to the parallel redundancy or dual hot standby structure. Further, it is found that the formula given by EN50129:2018 is not as conservative as that given by IEC61508:2010. © 2020 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

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Polygenic risk score and lung adenocarcinoma risk among never-smokers by EGFR mutation status-a brief report

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Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer 2024年第4期20卷 521-530页

作者： Batel Blechter Chao Agnes Hsiung Xiaoyu Wang Haoyu Zhang Wei Jie Seow Jianxin Shi Nilanjan Chatterjee Hee Nam Kim Maria Pik Wong Yun-Chul Hong Jason Yy Wong Juncheng Dai H Dean Hosgood Zhaoming Wang I-Shou Chang Jiyeon Choi Jiucun Wang Minsun Song Wei Hu Wei Zheng Jin Hee Kim Baosen Zhou Demetrius Albanes Min-Ho Shin Lap Ping Chung She-Juan An Hong Zheng Yasushi Yatabe Xu-Chao Zhang Young Tae Kim Xiao-Ou Shu Young-Chul Kim Roel C H Vermeulen Bryan A Bassig Jiang Chang James Chung Man Ho Bu-Tian Ji Michiaki Kubo Yataro Daigo Yukihide Momozawa Yoichiro Kamatani Takayuki Honda Hideo Kunitoh Shun-Ichi Watanabe Yohei Miyagi Haruhiko Nakayama Shingo Matsumoto Masahiro Tsuboi Koichi Goto Zhihua Yin Atsushi Takahashi Akiteru Goto Yoshihiro Minamiya Kimihiro Shimizu Kazumi Tanaka Tangchun Wu Fusheng Wei Jian Su Yeul Hong Kim In-Jae Oh Victor Ho Fun Lee Wu-Chou Su Yuh-Min Chen Gee-Chen Chang Kuan-Yu Chen Ming-Shyan Huang Hsien-Chih Lin Adeline Seow Jae Yong Park Sun-Seog Kweon Chien-Jen Chen Yu-Tang Gao Chen Wu Biyun Qian Daru Lu Jianjun Liu Hyo-Sung Jeon Chin-Fu Hsiao Jae Sook Sung Ying-Huang Tsai Yoo Jin Jung Huan Guo Zhibin Hu Tzu-Yu Chen Laurie Burdett Meredith Yeager Amy Hutchinson Sonja I Berndt Wei Wu Junwen Wang Jin Eun Choi Kyong Hwa Park Sook Whan Sung Li Liu Chang Hyun Kang Chung-Hsing Chen Jun Xu Peng Guan Wen Tan Chih-Liang Wang Alan Dart Loon Sihoe Ying Chen Yi Young Choi Jun Suk Kim Ho-Il Yoon Qiuyin Cai In Kyu Park Ping Xu Qincheng He Chih-Yi Chen Junjie Wu Wei-Yen Lim Kun-Chieh Chen John K C Chan Jihua Li Hongyan Chen Chong-Jen Yu Li Jin Joseph F Fraumeni Jie Liu Maria Teresa Landi Taiki Yamaji Yang Yang Belynda Hicks Kathleen Wyatt Shengchao A Li Hongxia Ma Bao Song Zhehai Wang Sensen Cheng Xuelian Li Yangwu Ren Motoki Iwasaki Junjie Zhu Gening Jiang Ke Fei Guoping Wu Li-Hsin Chien Fang-Yu Tsai Jinming Yu Victoria L Stevens Pan-Chyr Yang Dongxin Lin Kexin Chen Yi-Long Wu Keitaro Matsuo Nathaniel Rothman Kouya Shiraishi Hongbing Shen Stephen J Chanock Takashi Kohno Qing Lan Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville MD USA. Institute of Population Health Sciences National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute Rockville MD USA Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore Singapore Department of Medicine Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine National University of Singapore and National University Health System Singapore Singapore. Department of Oncology School of Medicine Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD USA Department of Biostatistics Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore MD USA. Department of Preventive Medicine Chonnam National University Medical School Gwangju Republic of Korea. Department of Pathology Queen Mary Hospital Hong Kong Hong Kong. Department of Preventive Medicine Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Republic of Korea. Epidemiology and Community Health Branch National Heart Lung and Blood Institute Bethesda MD USA. Department of Epidemiology School of Public Health Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China. Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Albert Einstein College of Medicine New York USA. Department of Computational Biology St. Jude Children's Research Hospital Memphis TN USA. National Institute of Cancer Research National Health Research Institutes Zhunan Taiwan. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering School of Life Sciences Fudan University Shanghai China. Department of Statistics & Research Institute of Natural Sciences Sookmyung Women's University Seoul 04310 Korea. Division of Epidemiology Department of Medicine Vanderbilt University Medical Center and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center Nashville TN USA. Department of Environmental Health

We assessed the association between a genome-wide polygenic risk score (PRS) developed for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) risk and mutation on the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in 998 East Asian never-smoking female LUAD cases (518 EGFR-positive; 480 EGFR-negative) and 4,544 never-smoking controls using case-case and multinomial regression analyses. We found that the PRS was more strongly associated with EGFR-positive LUAD compared to EGFR-negative LUAD, where the association between the fourth quartile of the PRS and EGFR-positive LUAD (OR=8.63, 95% CI:5.67, 13.14) was significantly higher than the association between the fourth quartile of the PRS with EGFR-negative LUAD (OR=3.50, 95% CI: 2.44, 5.00) (p-heterogeneity=3.66x10). Our findings suggest that germline genetic susceptibility may be differentially associated with LUAD in never-smoking female East Asian patients depending on the cancer's mutation status, which may have important public health and clinical implications.

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Secure and Privacy-preserving Data-sharing Framework based on Blockchain Technology for Al-Najaf/Iraq Oil Refinery

Secure and Privacy-preserving Data-sharing Framework based o...

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Symposia and Workshops on Ubiquitous, Autonomic and Trusted Computing, UIC-ATC

作者： Samir M. Umran SongFeng Lu Zaid Ameen Abduljabbar Zhi Lu Bingyan Feng Lu Zheng Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Ministry of Industry and Minerals Iraqi Cement State Company Baghdad Iraq Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute Shenzhen China College of Education for Pure Sciences University of Basrah Technical Computer Engineering Department Al-Kunooze University College Basrah Iraq School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China Wuhan Huazhong Numerical Control Co. Ltd Industrial Internet Research Institute Wuhan China College of Computer Science South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan China

The Industrial Internet of Things or Industry 4.0 efficiently enhances the manufacturing process in terms of raising productivity, system performance, cost reduction, and building large-scale systems. It enables the connection of numerous heterogeneous devices and sensors into the internet network through the utilization of revolutionary techniques that transfer the manufacturing paradigm to intelligent processes. The traditional industrial internet of things adopts centralized architectures and complex encryption algorithms that suffer from several cyber-security threats and lead to data leakage, privacy disclosure, and high computational and communicational costs. In our work, we proposed a decentralized, efficient, low-power, scalable, secure, privacy-preserving, and trusting architecture based on a private blockchain network/smart contract and interplanetary file system technology for the Al-NajafyIraq oil refinery factory. That enables autonomous working and provides a high level of security authentication and privacy preservation, P2P communication, remote access, immutability and information backtracking. Traditional blockchain technology has storage limitation issues, most recent works adopted external servers or the cloud for storage purposes. Our proposed scheme addresses the limitations of blockchain data storage by adopting an interplanetary file system (IPFS) network; provides an efficient data encryption mechanism at the perceptual layer by adopting a lightweight encryption algorithm, high-performance, and ultra-low-power consumption ARM Cortex-M microcontroller. In addition, our architecture succeeds in merging blockchain technology, IoTs, and an IPFS with the oil refinery as an industrial application area. Moreover, it provides an efficient framework that resists common cyber-security attacks and realizes cyber-security requirements represented by data availability, integrity, and confidentiality.

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Artificial intelligence for geoscience:Progress,challenges,and perspectives

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The Innovation 2024年第5期5卷 136-160,135页

作者： Tianjie Zhao Sheng Wang Chaojun Ouyang Min Chen Chenying Liu Jin Zhang Long Yu Fei Wang Yong Xie Jun Li Fang Wang Sabine Grunwald Bryan MWong Fan Zhang Zhen Qian Yongjun Xu Chengqing Yu Wei Han Tao Sun Zezhi Shao Tangwen Qian Zhao Chen Jiangyuan Zeng Huai Zhang Husi Letu Bing Zhang Li Wang Lei Luo Chong Shi Hongjun Su Hongsheng Zhang Shuai Yin Ni Huang Wei Zhao Nan Li Chaolei Zheng Yang Zhou Changping Huang Defeng Feng Qingsong Xu Yan Wu Danfeng Hong Zhenyu Wang Yinyi Lin Tangtang Zhang Prashant Kumar Antonio Plaza Jocelyn Chanussot Jiabao Zhang Jiancheng Shi Lizhe Wang Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100094China School of Computer Science China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430078China State Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Engineering Resilience Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610299China Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment(Ministry of Education of PRC) Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210023China Data Science in Earth Observation Technical University of Munich80333 MunichGermany The National Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention Yangtze Institute for Conservation and DevelopmentHohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Geographical Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008China Soil Water and Ecosystem Sciences DepartmentUniversity of FloridaPO Box 110290GainesvilleFLUSA Materials Science Engineering Program Cooperating Faculty Member in the Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics Astronomy University of CaliforniaCaliforniaRiversideCA 92521USA Institute of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System School of Earth and Space SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals Beijing 100094China College of Geography and Remote Sensing Hohai UniversityNanjing 211100China Department of Geography The University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077SARChina Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Nanjing 210044China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Collaborative Inno

This paper explores the evolution of geoscientific inquiry,tracing the progression from traditional physics-based models to modern data-driven approaches facilitated by significant advancements in artificial intelligence(AI)and data collection *** models,which are grounded in physical and numerical frameworks,provide robust explanations by explicitly reconstructing underlying physical ***,their limitations in comprehensively capturing Earth’s complexities and uncertainties pose challenges in optimization and real-world *** contrast,contemporary data-driven models,particularly those utilizing machine learning(ML)and deep learning(DL),leverage extensive geoscience data to glean insights without requiring exhaustive theoretical *** techniques have shown promise in addressing Earth science-related ***,challenges such as data scarcity,computational demands,data privacy concerns,and the“black-box”nature of AI models hinder their seamless integration into *** integration of physics-based and data-driven methodologies into hybrid models presents an alternative *** models,which incorporate domain knowledge to guide AI methodologies,demonstrate enhanced efficiency and performance with reduced training data *** review provides a comprehensive overview of geoscientific research paradigms,emphasizing untapped opportunities at the intersection of advanced AI techniques and *** examines major methodologies,showcases advances in large-scale models,and discusses the challenges and prospects that will shape the future landscape of AI in *** paper outlines a dynamic field ripe with possibilities,poised to unlock new understandings of Earth’s complexities and further advance geoscience exploration.

关键词： Earth utilizing landscape

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Spatial non-locality induced non-markovian EIT in a single giant atom

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zhu, Y.T. Wu, R.B. Xue, S. Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education of China Shanghai200240 China Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Control and Management Shanghai200240 China Department of Automation Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing100084 China

In recent experiments, electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) were observed with giant atoms, but nothing unconventional were found from the transmission spectra. In this letter, we show that unconventional EIT does exist in giant atoms, and indicate why it has not been observed so far. Different from these existing works, this letter presents a consistent theory including a real space method and a time delayed master equation for observing unconventional EIT. We discover that this phenomenon is a quantum effect which cannot be correctly described in a semi-classical way as those in recent works. Our theory shows that it can be observed when the time delay between two neighboring coupling points is comparable to the relaxation time of the atom, which is crucial for a future experimental observation. This new phenomenon results from inherent non-locality of the giant atom, which physically forces propagating fields to be standing waves in space and the atom exhibiting retardations in time. Our theory establishes a framework for application of nonlocal systems to quantum information processing. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atoms

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Frailty and Other Factors Associated With Early Outcomes in Middle-to Older Age Trauma Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study

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American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2024年第2期32卷 244-255页

作者： Yeh, Tian-Shin Kang, Jiunn-Horng Littlejohns, Thomas J. Wu, Chia-Chieh Chen, Jin-Hua Piravej, Krisna Chiu, Wen-Ta Lam, Carlos Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Epidemiology and Nutrition Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Boston MA United States Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Taipei Medical University Hospital Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Professional Master Program in Artificial Intelligence in Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Nuffield Department of Population Health University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Emergency Department Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Emergency School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Graduate Institute of Data Science College of Management Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Institutional Research Center Office of Data Science Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Biostatistics Center Department of Medical Research Wan Fang Hospital Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Faculty of Medicine Chulalongkorn University Bangkok Thailand Department of Chula Neuroscience Center King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok Thailand Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control College of Public Health Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan AHMC Health System Alhambra CA United States

Objectives: To prospectively investigate associations of frailty and other predictor variables with functional recovery and health outcomes in middle-aged and older patients with trauma. Design: Single-center prospective cohort study. Setting: Emergency department of Wan Fang Hospital in Taiwan. Participants: Trauma patients aged 45 and older. Measurements: Frailty was assessed with the Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Injury mechanisms, pre-existing diseases, and fracture locations were recorded at baseline. The primary outcome was functional recovery assessed using the Barthel Index (BI). Secondary outcomes were new care needs, unscheduled return visits, and falls 3 months postinjury. Results: A total of 588 participants were included in the final analysis. For every one-point increase in the CFS, the multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) of failure to retain the preinjury BI was 1.34 (1.16–1.55);associations were consistent across levels of age and injury severities. Significant joint associations of frailty and age with poor functional recovery were observed. CFS was also associated with new care needs (OR for every one-point increase, 1.36, 95% CI, 1.17–1.58), unscheduled return visits (OR 1.26, 95% CI, 1.04–1.51), and falls (OR 1.23, 95% CI, 1.01–1.51). Other variables associated with failure to retain preinjury BI included road traffic accident and presence of hip fracture. Conclusion: Frailty was significantly associated with poor functional and health outcomes regardless of injury severity in middle-aged and older patients with trauma. Injury mechanisms and fracture locations were also significant predictors of functional recovery postinjury. © 2023 American Association for Geriatric Psychiatry

关键词： Clinical Frailty Scale Frailty functional recovery injury middle-to older age

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Mercury transformation processes in nature: Critical knowledge gaps and perspectives for moving forward

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第9期34卷 152-165页

作者： Zhiyuan Gao Wang Zheng Yanbin Li Yurong Liu Mengjie Wu Shouying Li Ping Li Guangliang Liu Xuewu Fu Shuxiao Wang Feiyue Wang Yong Cai Xinbin Feng Baohua Gu Huan Zhong Yongguang Yin Centre for Earth Observation Science and Department of Environment and GeographyUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegMB R3T 2N2Canada Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300192China Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology Ministry of Education and College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China School of the Environment Nanjing UniversityState Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource ReuseNanjing 210023China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Florida International UniversityMiamiFL 33199USA School of Environment and State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Environmental Sciences Division Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTennessee 37831USA Environmental and Life Sciences Program(EnLS) Trent UniversityPeterboroughOntario K9L 0G2Canada Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China

The transformation of mercury(Hg) in the environment plays a vital role in the cycling of Hg and its risk to the ecosystem and human health. Of particular importance are Hg oxidation/reduction and methylation/demethylation processes driven or mediated by the dynamics of light, microorganisms, and organic carbon, among others. Advances in understanding those Hg transformation processes determine our capacity of projecting and mitigating Hg risk. Here, we provide a critical analysis of major knowledge gaps in our understanding of Hg transformation in nature, with perspectives on approaches moving forward. Our analysis focuses on Hg transformation processes in the environment, as well as emerging methodology in exploring these processes. Future avenues for improving the understanding of Hg transformation processes to protect ecosystem and human health are also explored.

关键词： Mercury oxidation reduction methylation demethylation isotope fractionation

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