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MRI-guided robot intervention—current state-of-the-art and new challenges

Med-X 2023年第1期1卷 1-41页

作者： Huang, Shaoping Lou, Chuqian Zhou, Ying He, Zhao Jin, Xuejun Feng, Yuan Gao, Anzhu Yang, Guang-Zhong Institute of Medical Robotics and School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China National Engineering Research Center of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Technologies for Diagnosis and Therapy (NERC-AMRT) Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Materials and Technology Center of Robotics Empa Dübendorf Switzerland State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites and School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Institute of Medical Robotics and Department of Automation Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China The Key Laboratory of System Control and Information Processing Ministry of Education Shanghai China

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is now a widely used modality for providing multimodal, high-quality soft tissue contrast images with good spatiotemporal resolution but without subjecting patients to ionizing radiation. In addition to its diagnostic potential, its future theranostic value lies in its ability to provide MRI-guided robot intervention with combined structural and functional mapping, as well as integrated instrument localization, target recognition, and in situ, in vivo monitoring of the therapeutic efficacy. Areas of current applications include neurosurgery, breast biopsy, cardiovascular intervention, prostate biopsy and radiotherapy. Emerging applications in targeted drug delivery and MRI-guided chemoembolization are also being pursued. Whilst promising progress has been made in recent years, there are still significant basic science research and engineering challenges. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the current state-of-the-art in MRI-guided robot intervention and allied technologies in actuation, sensing, new materials, interventional instruments, and interactive/real-time MRI. Potential future research directions and new clinical developments are also discussed.

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Scheduling optimization of silicon single crystal production process based on adaptive improved particle swarm optimization

Scheduling optimization of silicon single crystal production...

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Chinese Automation Congress (CAC)

作者： Lu Kang Ding Liu Yali Wu Guozheng Ping School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi’an University of Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Crystal Growth Equipment and System Integration Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an China School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi’an University of Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Crystal Growth Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an China School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Complex System Control and Intelligent Information Processing Xi’an China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665426480

Aiming at the potential safety hazards of silicon single crystal production enterprises in the process of multi-furnace silicon single crystal production, and considering the maximum power load requirements in actual enterprises, a silicon single crystal production process scheduling model with the goal of minimizing the maximum completion time was established. Based on this model, an adaptive improved particle swarm optimization algorithm (Adaptive GPSO) is proposed to solve it. The algorithm retains the individual optimal value and global optimal value of the particle swarm algorithm, and introduces the crossover operation and mutation operation in the genetic algorithm to improve the new individual generation mechanism. At the same time, it performs dynamic iterative calculations on the mutation probability and crossover probability to avoid the algorithm fall into the local optimum, and improve the diversity and convergence of the algorithm. By solving different scales scheduling problems of silicon single crystal production process, the experiments on real-world data shows that the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Adaptation models Heuristic algorithms Crystals Production Probability Silicon Scheduling

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A Mixed Layer Height Parameterization in a 3-D Chemical Transport Model: Implications for Gas and Aerosol Simulations

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Kim, Hyeonmin Park, Rokjin J. Hong, Song-You Park, Do-Hyeon Kim, Sang-Woo Oak, Yujin J. Feng, Xu Lin, Haipeng Fu, Tzung-May School of Earth and Environmental Sciences Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder United States Physical Sciences Laboratory The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Earth System Research Laboratories Boulder United States Center for Sustainable Environment Research Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul Korea Republic of John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA United States State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen China Shenzhen Institute of Sustainable Development Southern University of Science and Technology Guangdong Shenzhen China Seoul National University Korea Republic of

Vertical mixing within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is crucial for determining surface-level pollutant concentrations. However, standard PBL schemes in chemical transport models (CTMs) often fail to adequately define the upper bounds of vertical mixing, particularly at night. This limitation frequently results in overestimated nocturnal concentrations of pollutants near the surface. To address this issue, we propose a parameterization of mixed layer height (MLH) derived from the Yonsei University (YSU) PBL scheme and thoroughly evaluate it by comparing simulations with various observations. We utilized the Weather research and Forecasting model coupled with GEOS-Chem (WRF-GC) to simulate gas and aerosol distributions over South Korea during the Satellite Integrated Joint Monitoring of Air Quality (SIJAQ) campaign in 2021. The WRF-GC simulations incorporating the MLH parameterization improved the excessive titration of O3 and the overproduction of HNO3 and NO3- in the model. Consequently, the model performances in gaseous and aerosol simulations showed a better agreement with observations, with changes in normalized mean biases (NMBs) of NOX (from 50% to -27%), O3 (from -49% to -28%), NO3- (from 126% to 91%), NH4+ (from 113% to 85%), BC (from 322% to 135%), and PM2.5 (from 58% to 28%). © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Atmospheric chemistry

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Large potential of strengthening the land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions

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Science Bulletin 2024年第16期69卷 2622-2631页

作者： Xu Yue Hao Zhou Yang Cao Hong Liao Xiaofei Lu Zhen Yu Wenping Yuan Zhu Liu Yadong Lei Stephen Sitch Jürgen Knauer Huijun Wang Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science&Technology(NUIST)Nanjing 210044China College of Meteorology and Oceanography National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Jiangsu Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center Nanjing 210013China Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology of Jiangsu Province Institute of EcologySchool of Applied MeteorologyNUISTNanjing 210044China Institute of Carbon Neutrality Sino-French Institute for Earth System ScienceCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China College of Life and Environmental Sciences University of ExeterExeter EX44RJUK Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment Western Sydney UniversityPenrith 2751Australia Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of EducationJoint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment ChangeCollaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological DisastersNUISTNanjing 210044China

The terrestrial ecosystem in China mitigates 21%-45%of the national contemporary fossil fuel CO_(2) emissions every *** and strengthening the land carbon sink is essential for reaching China’s target of carbon ***,this sink is subject to large uncertainties due to the joint impacts of climate change,air pollution,and human ***,we explore the potential of strengthening land carbon sink in China through anthropogenic interventions,including forestation,ozone reduction,and litter removal,taking advantage of a well-validated dynamic vegetation model and meteorological forcings from 16 climate *** anthropogenic interventions,considering Shared Socioeconomic Pathways(SSP)scenarios,the land sink is projected to be 0.26-0.56 Pg C a^(-1) at 2060,to which climate change contributes 0.06-0.13 Pg C a^(-1) and CO_(2) fertilization contributes 0.08-0.44 Pg C a^(-1) with the stronger effects for higher emission *** anthropogenic interventions,under a close-to-neutral emission scenario(SSP1-2.6),the land sink becomes 0.47-0.57 Pg C a^(-1) at 2060,including the contributions of 0.12 Pg C a^(-1) by conservative forestation,0.07 Pg C a^(-1) by ozone pollution control,and 0.06-0.16 Pg C a^(-1) by 20%litter removal over planted *** sink can mitigate 90%-110% of the residue anthropogenic carbon emissions in 2060,providing a solid foundation for the carbon neutrality in China.

关键词： Carbon sink Forestation Ozone Litter removal

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Individual Dynamic Graduation Requirements Achievements of Students 2020

Individual Dynamic Graduation Requirements Achievements of S...

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5th International Conference on Distance Education and Learning, ICDEL 2020

作者： Zhao, Yalu Hao, Shuying Yang, Lu Xia, Guofeng Hu, Wenhua Tianjin Key Laboratory for Advanced Mechatronic System Design and Intelligent Control School of Mechanical Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China National Demonstration Center for Experimental Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Education Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China Chongqing Engineering Research Center for Advanced Intelligent Manufacturing Technology Chongqing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781450377546

In the engineering education accreditation system, it is clearly required that the major applying for certification should prove the achievement of graduation requirements with appraisal. The common appraisal methods of graduation requirements achievements (GRAs) focus on the whole situation of graduates, which lacks personalized guidance for students at school. Based on the analytical method of exam scores in the common methods, the paper presents the achievement of individual graduation requirements and designs algorithms to dynamically appraise every student with real examples, which may provide detailed data and immediate guidance for the major and its own students. The dynamic appraisal method can improve the GRAs of the major, and also can strengthen the core concepts of engineering education accreditation. © 2020 ACM.

关键词： Students

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An IMU Error Correction Method Based on Multithreshold ZV Detection and SRCKF

An IMU Error Correction Method Based on Multithreshold ZV De...

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Cyber-Physical Social Intelligence (ICCSI), International Conference on

作者： Jialiang Luo Shichao Chen Yisheng Lv Wenqiao Sun Fan Yang Ruijie Xu The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex System State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Engineering China University of Geosciences Beijing China The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences The Center of National Railway Intelligent Transportation System Engineering and Technology China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited Beijing China The State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Transportation and Economics Research Institute and the Center of National Railway Intelligent Transportation System Engineering and Technology China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited China The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex System State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Rail Transit Shan Dong JiaoTong University Jinan China Department of Aeronautical and Aviation Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

With the rapid development and widespread application of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs), IMU-based human localization has become critically important in environments lacking Global Navigation Satellite systems (GNSS) signals. Methods such as UWB/WIFI and other anchor-based localization have been employed to enhance the positioning accuracy. However, these methods are susceptible to the environmental interference and increased costs. In contrast, SINS-based localization methods eliminate reliance on the external data. However, this method can suffer from drift errors due to cumulative integration errors. Inertial navigation error correction techniques like Zero Detection Update technology (ZUPT) provide potential solutions to address drift errors. This paper proposes an error correction method based on the multithreshold zero-velocity detection and Square Root Cubature Kalman Filter (SRCKF) updates. Compared to the single fixed threshold detection, the multi-threshold zero-velocity detection reduces the likelihood of missed zero velocity detection and false alarms, providing accurate time intervals for error correction. Experimental results demonstrate that the SRCKF-based algorithm reduces position deviation to approximately 0.3146 meters, corresponding to an error ratio of1.14%. The proposed method enables cost-effective and accurate pedestrian localization, driving advancements in the field.

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Investigation of the synthesis and thermal insulation properties of K2Ti6O13 whisker-reinforced SiO2 micro powder composite coating fabrics

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Energy 2025年 328卷

作者： Man, Yi Ge, Chang Wang, Yao He, Yongqing Yang, Wei Qi, Yumin Wang, Bohong Varbanov, Petar Sabev Wang, Jin Nanjing Vocational University of Industry Technology Jiangsu Nanjing210023 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China Hebei Key Laboratory of New Functional Materials School of Material Science and Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering Hebei University of Technology Tianjin300401 China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano System and Intelligent Transduction National Research Base of Intelligent Manufacturing Service Chongqing Technology and Business University Chongqing400067 China National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Harbor Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology/Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Petrochemical Environmental Pollution Control Zhejiang Ocean University No.1 Haida South Road Zhoushan316022 China Széchenyi István University Egyetem tér 1 Győr9026 Hungary

Developing functional textiles with thermal insulation and hydrophobic properties is of significant interest. This study successfully synthesizes K2Ti6O13 (potassium titanate, KTO) whiskers via the hydrothermal method and prepares KTO composite silica polyester fabric (KSP) through impregnation technology, exhibiting excellent thermal insulation and hydrophobic qualities. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis verifies the high purity and excellent crystallinity of KTO whiskers and SiO2 micro-powder. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images reveal that the KTO whiskers retain their original morphology and exhibit uniform size distribution, with an average length of around 1 μm and an aspect ratio of 40. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images further validate the planar growth properties of the whiskers. Raman spectroscopy research elucidates the vibrational modes of various chemical bonds in the KTO whiskers. The ultraviolet–visible–near-infrared spectrophotometer test results demonstrate that the KSP fabric reflects 43.5 % more light than standard polyester fabric and substantially lowers the temperature in the covered chamber under simulated sunlight exposure, achieving a maximum reduction of 7.4 °C. The KSP fabric has exceptional hydrophobic properties, completing a contact angle of 153.2° and maintaining reflectance stability, with a mere 5.92 % reduction after 20 days of outside exposure. This work offers substantial reference value for the advancement of practical textiles. © 2025

关键词： Bond strength (chemical)

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南大洋增暖及其气候影响

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Science Bulletin 2023年第9期68卷 946-960,M0004页

作者：蔡文炬高立宝罗义勇李熙晨郑小童张学斌程旭华贾凡 Ariaan Purich Agus Santoso 杜岩 David MHolland 石佳睿项宝强谢尚平 Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System and Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Laboratory for Ocean and Climate Dynamics Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Center for Southern Hemisphere Oceans Research Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO)Oceans and AtmosphereHobart 7004Australia First Institute of Oceanography and Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling Ministry of Natural ResourcesQingdao 266061China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266237China Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Oceanography Hohai UniversityNanjing 210098China Key Laboratory of Ocean Circulation and Waves Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesQingdao 266071China Climate Change Research Centre University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes University of New South WalesSydney 2052Australia State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou 511458China Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences New York UniversityNew York NY 10012USA Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Woods Hole MA 02543USA NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Princeton NJ 08540USA University Corporation for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO 80307USA Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San DiegoLa Jolla CA 92093USA

过去几十年南大洋在南极平流层臭氧消耗和大气二氧化碳浓度增加的共同作用下大幅增暖,显著影响着南极冰架和冰盖的融化、海平面上升、南北半球的降水分配以及热带海洋和大气环流等,引发了深远的气候效应.全球变暖背景下南大洋西风表现... 详细信息

过去几十年南大洋在南极平流层臭氧消耗和大气二氧化碳浓度增加的共同作用下大幅增暖,显著影响着南极冰架和冰盖的融化、海平面上升、南北半球的降水分配以及热带海洋和大气环流等,引发了深远的气候效应.全球变暖背景下南大洋西风表现为极向加强,同时进入南大洋的热辐射和淡水通量持续增加,由此上翻的海水可吸收更多的热量和碳,经由更强的平均流向北输送,更多地在45°S附近海域下沉并存储.当前对南大洋增暖背后诸多复杂的物理过程仍缺乏足够的理解,比如来自冰架、冰盖及海洋涡旋的作用、热带-极地相互作用、南大洋本身对全球变暖的响应等,尤其是有限的观测数据和较低分辨率的模式无法准确呈现快速变化的物理现象和机理.因此,南大洋的未来增暖存在很大的不确定性且可能长期持续,但近期的进展为深入认知南大洋增暖及其气候影响奠定了坚实的基础.

关键词：平流层臭氧南大洋物理现象物理过程全球变暖热带海洋南北半球低分辨率

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INTRODUCTION

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S1-S11页

作者： Boyer, T. Blunden, J. Dunn, R.J.H. NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Silver Spring Maryland NOAA/NESDIS National Centers for Environmental Information Asheville North Carolina Met Office Hadley Centre Exeter United Kingdom European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reading United Kingdom University of Maryland College Park Maryland Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California San Diego La Jolla California NOAA/NWS National Centers for Environmental Prediction Climate Prediction Center College Park Maryland Brandenburg University of Technology (BTU) Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Servicio Meteorológico Nacional Buenos Aires Argentina NOAA/OAR Physical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Bonn Germany Center for Geophysical Research and School of Physics University of Costa Rica San José Costa Rica Department of Meteorology and National Centre for Earth Observation University of Reading Reading United Kingdom Centro Nacional de Monitoramento e Alertas de Desastres Naturais CEMADEN São Paulo Brazil Université Grenoble Alpes Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement IRD CNRS Grenoble INP Grenoble France Hampton University Hampton Virginia Seychelles Meteorological Authority Mahe Seychelles Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway National Research Institute for Agriculture Food and Environment (INRAE) CARRTEL Université Savoie Mont Blanc Thonon les Bains France Graduate School of Agriculture Osaka Metropolitan University Sakai Japan Science Faculty Universidad Nacional de Colombia Bogotá Colombia University of Bremen Bremen Germany NOAA Global Monitoring Laboratory Boulder Colorado Servicio Nacional de Meteorología e Hidrología del Perú Lima Perú Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificación – Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UV-GVA) Valencia Spain Hydro-Climate Extremes Lab (H-CEL) Ghent University Ghent Belgium Department o

In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A

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Progress of the TianQin project

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Luo, Jun Bai, Shaojun Bai, Yan-Zheng Cai, Lin Dang, Hao Dong, Qijia Duan, Hui-Zong Du, Yuanbo Fan, Lei Fu, Xinju Gao, Yong Gou, Xingyu Gu, Defeng Guo, Changlei Hong, Wei Hu, Bin Hu, Heran Hu, Ming Hu, Yi-Ming Huang, Fa Peng Ji, Xin Jiang, Yuan-Ze Li, En-Kun Li, Hongyin Li, Ming Li, Ming Li, Yong Li, Zhu Li, Zizheng Lian, JunXiang Liang, Yu-Rong Lin, Xudong Liu, Jianping Liu, Lin-Xia Liu, Kui Liu, Li Liu, Minghe Liu, Qi Liu, Yan-Chong Liu, Yue Luo, Peng-Shun Luo, Yingxin Ma, Yi-Qiu Ma, Yun Meng, Yunhe Milyukov, Vadim Peng, Jian-Guo Postnov, Konstantin Qu, Shao-Bo Shan, Tilei Shao, Cheng-Gang Shi, Changfu Song, Pei-Yi Song, Yunfei Su, Wei Tan, Ding Yin Tan, Shuping Tan, Yu-Jie Tan, Wenhai Tu, Liangcheng Wang, Cheng-Rui Wang, Guoyong Wang, Lijiao Wang, Pan-Pan Wang, Shun Wang, Xiaoyong Wang, Xudong Wang, Yan Wei, Ran Wu, Shu-Chao Xu, Jie Xu, Zhi-Lin Xue, Chao Yan, Hao Yan, Yong Yang, Changpeng Yang, Shanqing Yeh, Hsien-Chi Yin, Hang Tong, Yelong Yu, Jian-Bo Yuan, Wen-Hao Zhang, Bu-Tian Zhang, Dexuan Zhang, Jian-Dong Zhang, Jie Zhang, Lihua Zhang, Xuefeng Zhao, Guoying Zhao, Liqian Zhao, Xin Zhou, An-Nan Zhou, Hao Zhou, Peng Zhou, Yupeng Zhou, Ze-Bing Zhu, Fan Zhu, Liang-Gui Zhu, Lin Zou, Kui Mei, Jianwei MOE Key Laboratory of TianQin Mission TianQin Research Center for Gravitational Physics School of Physics and Astronomy Frontiers Science Center for TianQin Gravitational Wave Research Center of CNSA Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519082 China National Gravitation Laboratory MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurement School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China DFH Satellite Co. Ltd. Beijing100094 China Beijing Institute of Space Mechanics & Electricity Beijing100076 China National Key Laboratory of Spacecraft Thermal Control of Institute of Spacecraft System Engineering Beijing100094 China Space Star Technology CO. LTD. Beijing100095 China Beijing Institute of Control Engineering Beijing100094 China School of Artificial Intelligence Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai Campus Zhuhai519082 China Shanxi Xi’an710199 China Sternberg Astronomical Institute M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow119234 Russia Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University Beijing100871 China

TianQin is a future space-based gravitational wave observatory targeting the frequency window of 10−4 Hz ∼ 1 Hz. A large variety of gravitational wave sources are expected in this frequency band, including the merger of massive black hole binaries, the inspiral of extreme/intermediate mass ratio systems, stellar-mass black hole binaries, Galactic compact binaries, and so on. TianQin will consist of three Earth orbiting satellites on nearly identical orbits with orbital radii of about 105 km. The satellites will form a normal triangle constellation whose plane is nearly perpendicular to the ecliptic plane. The TianQin project has been progressing smoothly following the "0123" technology roadmap. In step "0", the TianQin laser ranging station has been constructed and it has successfully ranged to all the five retro-reflectors on the Moon. In step "1", the drag-free control technology has been tested and demonstrated using the TianQin-1 satellite. In step "2", the inter-satellite laser interferometry technology will be tested using the pair of TianQin-2 satellites. The TianQin-2 mission has been officially approved and the satellites will be launched around 2026. In step "3", i.e., the TianQin-3 mission, three identical satellites will be launched around 2035 to form the space-based gravitational wave detector, TianQin, and to start gravitational wave detection in space. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Laser interferometry

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