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Fracture Characteristics of AZ31B and Cu 99 Tensile Test Specimens Joined by FSW and FSW-IG Processes

Defect and Diffusion Forum 2022年 416卷 55-65页

作者： Binchiciu, E.F. Codrean, C. Boțilă, Eng. L.N. Nicolaescu, M. Iacobici, R.I. National Research& Development for Welding and Material Testing-ISIM Timisoara Romania Politehnic University Timisoara UPT Faculty of Mechanics Timisoara Romania

The aim of the current study is to perform a failure analysis on specimens extracted from 4 mm sheets of AZ31B, according to ASTM 4377G and 3 mm sheets of Cu99 alloys according to SR EN 1652:2000, that were joined together using FSW and FSW-IG processes. In order to promote the suitability and advantages of implementing FSW-IG processes in the automotive and aerospace industry, the papers authors performed destructive testing on the samples extracted, namely tensile strength test, following with topography analysis using scanning electron microscopy – SEM, combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy EDS, micro-hardness tests and fractography investigations. Results highlighted a considerable improvement in the ultimate tensile strength of the welded joint, a higher degree of deformability of the welded joint in the case of FSW – IG, compared to classical FSW;while maintaining the same process conditions and parameters. Experimental data is in accordant with automotive and aerospace imposed compliances, thus presented and discussed in the following scientific article. © 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Aerospace industry

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testing of an Innovative Method for Overlap Friction Stir welding (FSW) of 1 mm Thick Sheets of 5754 Aluminium Alloy, on Tilted Jig

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2022年 416卷 11-19页

作者： Verbițchi, Victor Duma, Iuliana Perianu, Ion-Aurel National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing-ISIM 30 Blv. Mihai Viteazul Timisoara300222 Romania

A welding test piece has been made by the overlap friction stir welding (FSW) of 400 mm x 110 mm x 1 mm sheets of EN AW 5754 aluminium alloy, placed on a tilted jig, of the multifunctional friction processing machine, type MMPF. The examinations and testing were performed according to EN ISO 25239-5:2020. By the visual examination on 100% of the test piece, the appearance, form and sizes of the weld are adequate. No cracks were revealed. A short channel behind the tool pin, as a lack-of-consolidation flaw after a FSW pass, was repaired by friction stir processing (FSP), recommended in such cases. Small surface irregularities on the root side, caused by the support, were detected in the discarded areas that are rejected, at both ends of the test piece. By the metallographic analysis on the specimens M1 – M4, the underfill is less than 0.15 mm, accepted for the 1 mm thick sheets. The structure of the FSW welds is uniform and consists mainly of both middle and large grains of structural constituents of aluminium and magnesium, as well as intermetallic compounds. Seven small cavities, as flaws of lack-of-consolidation are detected, with maximal size between 0.02 – 0.2 mm, accepted for the tool penetration of 1.6-1.7 mm. No other imperfections are revealed. The thermo-mechanically affected zones have fine granulation. A shear test on a tensile test machine, without any guide device, has been performed on the specimens T1-T5, with the results 60.80 – 167.51 MPa, depending on the parameters and specific factors. This test is a complex load, which consists of a shear test, combined with a tensile test, very severe for these FSW welds. The best shear test result is for the specimen T1, taken from the area where FSP has been applied over the first FSW pass. The specimens T3 and T5 were taken from the zone, where the penetration depth of the tool had a higher extent that caused increased plasticizing, respectively elongation of 5-6 %. By consequence, visual testing and metallo

关键词： Friction stir welding

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Friction Stir welding in Inert Gas Environment (FSW-IG) of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2022年 416卷 21-29页

作者： Cojocaru, Radu Boțilă, Lia-Nicoleta Dașcău, Horia-Florin National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing – ISIM 30 Mihai Viteazu Blvd. Timisoara300222 Romania

Friction stir welding is an area of interest within isim Timisoara, several research projects that have addressed this issue being carried out. At isim the research started with the approach of FSW welding of some aluminum alloys (as similar and dissimilar materials) and later extended to other types of non-ferrous metallic materials (magnesium, titanium, copper alloys) and different types of steels respectively. New methods / possibilities of application of the FSW welding process were also researched. The paper presents results obtained by isim Timisoara within an ongoing national research project regarding the friction stir welding in inert gas environment (FSW-IG) of the AZ31B magnesium alloy. The experimental research aimed to perform a comparative analysis between the FSW-IG welding and the classic FSW welding for AZ31B magnesium alloy, in the same working conditions in terms of welding equipment, welding tools and technological process parameters. The obtained results show that the application of FSW-IG welding compared to the classic FSW welding brings benefits in terms of weld surface appearance, mechanical strength, elongation at break and behavior to the static bending tests. © 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Inert gases

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Considerations Regarding Friction Stir welding of Stainless Steels

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2022年 416卷 31-41页

作者： Cojocaru, Radu Boțilă, Lia-Nicoleta Dașcău, Horia-Florin Verbițchi, Victor National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing – ISIM Address: 30 Mihai Viteazu Blvd. Timisoara300222 Romania

Due to their extraordinary qualities, X5CrNi18-10 (AISI 304L) and X3CrNiMo17-13-3 (AISI 316) stainless steels are among the most used materials in engineering applications with use in priority areas. This also involves finding new solutions for joining this type of metals, effective alternatives to the widely used conventional welding processes. The paper presents the approaches and results obtained at international level for the FSW welding of X5CrNi18-10 and X3CrNiMo17-13-3 stainless steels. The isim results are also presented for the FSW butt welding of X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel plates, 4.0 mm and 1.5 mm thick. Data regarding the materials to be welded, the characteristics of the welding tool and the technological process parameters are presented: the rotation speed of the welding tool and the welding speed. When monitoring the welding process, a method was used that is based on an innovative solution based on the use of the infrared thermographic technique, patented by isim Timisoara. When welding FSW in inert gas environment FSW-IG, an innovative technical solution for applying the method was used (submitted for patenting), a method that allows monitoring the process in the case of FSW-IG as well. The results of the evaluation process of the welded joints are also presented: referring to metallographic analyzes at macro and microscopic level, microhardness, tensile and bending tests. The very good results obtained internationally, but also those obtained at isim Timisoara, represent solid arguments that the FSW process can be applied with very good results for welding of X5CrNi18-10 and X3CrNiMo17-13-3 stainless steels. © 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Inert gases

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The Influence of Drying Time on a Glass-Adhesive-Steel Bonding

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2022年 416卷 139-144页

作者： Mădroane, D.F. Duma, I. Galațanu, S.V. Politehnica University of Timisoara 1 Mihai Viteazu Blvd. Timisoara300222 Romania National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing – ISIM Timisoara 30 Mihai Viteazu Blvd. Timisoara300222 Romania

The paper presents some general aspects of adhesives used in the automotive industry, the method used to determine mechanical properties, and the advantages compared to the traditional technology used. Adhesives are substances capable of permanently bonding to surfaces by an adhesive process. This process implies that two different bodies are in contact so that the mechanical forces or work can be transferred across the interface region. Since their discovery, researchers have made great efforts to obtain more ecological and high-performance adhesives. Substances such as bitumen or beeswax have been replaced by synthetic types of adhesives. Today, adhesives have two purposes: to join two different bodies, in creating a permanent assembly, and to seal. In this paper, the type of adhesive used to fix the windshield directly to the car body which is made of metal is presented. Compared to traditional technology that involves a rubber gasket attached to the body of the car and the windshield that is fixed on it, adhesives have the role of sealing and bonding directly to the metal surface. The first part of the paper focuses on the determination of the mechanical properties of adhesives used in the automotive industry. The next step was to realize the bonding between glass and steel using windshield adhesive with different drying times. © 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Adhesives

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Innovative Method for Overlap Friction Stir welding (FSW) of 1 mm Thick Sheets of 5754 Aluminium Alloy, on Tilted Jig

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Defect and Diffusion Forum 2022年 416卷 3-10页

作者： Verbițchi, Victor Vlascici, Miomir Cojocaru, Radu Boțilă, Lia-Nicoleta Duma, Iuliana Perianu, Ion-Aurel National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing-ISIM 30 Blv. Mihai Viteazul Timisoara300222 Romania Company Nano Inteliform S.R.L. 21 Street Calea Moșniței Timisoara307285 Romania

An innovative method has been elaborated for the overlap friction stir welding (FSW) of 400 mm x 110 mm x 1 mm sheets of EN AW 5754 aluminium alloy, placed on a tilted jig. The multifunctional friction processing machine, type MMPF was applied. This is an automated and programmable machine with digital control and display of the tool coordinates, speeds and forces. The FSW tool performs the horizontal movement with the speed v(x), correlated with a simultaneous vertical movement with the speed v(z) = v(x) tg α, where α is the tilt angle The correlation is achieved by an original automated program developed for this machine. Due to the tilt, during the FSW process, the leading edge of the rotating tool shoulder progressively and continuously penetrates the upper sheet, at the point where the shoulder penetration depth into the parent metal is zero. A hardened C45 steel tool was used, having the following technical characteristics: shoulder diameter 14 mm, smooth truncated tapering pin with the large diameter of 2.75 mm, the small diameter of 2.0 mm, and the height of 1.5 mm. The parameters had the following values: tilt angle α = 2° 6';pin penetration depth h = 1.60-1.80 mm;rotational tool speed n = 2,500 – 3,000 rpm;speed v(x) = 1.0 mm / s;software correlated speed v(z) = 36.72 *10-3 mm / s;temperature of the sheet behind the tool t = 250-340 °C, measured with an infrared device. Images are presented related to the positioning of the parent metal sheets, parameter setting, run of the FSW process for the execution of the successive passes of the welds, as well as the appearance of these welds. Explanations are given for all these phases of the execution of the FSW test piece. The FSW on tilted jig brings the following advantages: reduced mechanical stress to produce heat;smaller burrs and chips;improved process run;reduced vibrations;better weld appearance;higher mechanical characteristics of the weld;reduced tool wear;increased energy efficiency. The target areas fo

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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Reintroduction in the process of operation of worn metal assemblies, from the composition of public transport vehicles, using mechanized MIG/MAG (GMA) welding reconditioning, in conditions of guaranteeing traffic safety 11th

Reintroduction in the process of operation of worn metal ass...

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11th International Conference on Innovative Technology for Joining Advanced materials, TIMA 2020

作者： Perianu, Ion-Aurel Boțilă, Lia-Nicoleta Cojocaru, Radu Binchiciu, Emilia-Florina National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing – ISIM 30 Mihai Viteazu Blvd Timisoara300222 Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9783035717662

Replacing worn or damaged parts implies high material costs and financial expense for public tram transportation services, especially for the imported units and that is why it is preferable to recondition them, taking into consideration the safety requirements. In this paper, isim initiatives and achievements are presented in the field of cost reduction and maintenance during operation of trams, by introduction in the operation process of worn parts, within the safety limits. Aspects are presented regarding the possibilities for reconditioning and repair of parts with a circular geometry (e.g. wheel bands, axles, drum brakes). Some of these are being applied and implemented. Also, innovative ideas are presented for increasing the performance of equipment used for reconditioning. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Cost reduction

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Possibilities to apply friction stir processing FSP in surface engineering 11th

Possibilities to apply friction stir processing FSP in surfa...

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11th International Conference on Innovative Technology for Joining Advanced materials, TIMA 2020

作者： Ciucă, Cristian Boțilă, Lia-Nicoleta Cojocaru, Radu Perianu, Ion-Aurel National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing – ISIM 30 Mihai Viteazu Blvd Timisoara300222 Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9783035717662

The results obtained by isim Timisoara to the development of the friction stir welding process (FSW) have supported the extension of the researches on some derived processes, including friction stir processing (FSP). The experimental programs (the researches) were developed within complex research projects, aspects regarding the principle of the process, modalities and techniques of application, experiments for specific applications, being approached. The paper presents good results obtained by friction stir processing of cast aluminum alloys and copper alloys. The optimal process conditions, optimal characteristics of the processing tools were defined. The complex characterization of the processed areas was done, the advantages of the process applying being presented, especially for the cast aluminum alloys: EN AW 4047, EN AW 5083 and EN AW 7021. The characteristics of the processed areas are compared with those of the base materials. The results obtained are a solid basis for substantiating of some specific industrial applications, especially in the automotive, aeronautical / aerospace fields. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Friction stir welding

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Processes developed based on friction stir welding process 11th

Processes developed based on friction stir welding process

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11th International Conference on Innovative Technology for Joining Advanced materials, TIMA 2020

作者： Boțilă, Lia-Nicoleta Cojocaru, Radu Ciucă, Cristian Verbițchi, Victor National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing – ISIM 30 Mihai Viteazu Blvd Timisoara300222 Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9783035717662

Considering the remarkable results obtained by using friction stir welding process (FSW), isim Timisoara has developed research programs for the knowledge and development of processing processes based on the FSW process principle. The paper presents a synthesis of the researches and the results obtained within some of research projects carried out by isim Timisoara, regarding possibilities of using some of processes derived from the FSW process, which has focused mainly on two directions (areas): surface engineering (materials surface processing) and joining by friction riveting. In the field of surfaces engineering, there are presented some results that represent own contributions of isim Timisoara, regarding: friction stir processing as well as coating with functional layers from lightweight alloys of steel substrates (by friction with consumable tool). Regarding friction riveting, two methods are presented: classic friction riveting, respectively friction riveting with hybrid effect (mechanical grip and friction welding). The paper shows very good results obtained to FSP processing (for cast aluminum alloys), to friction riveting with hybrid effect (for aluminum and copper alloys) and to friction riveting (for aluminum alloy), but also some limitations of these friction processing methods. Also in the paper are presented new research directions that are currently being addressed, respectively that will be addressed in the next period at isim Timisoara, regarding new variants of application of FSW welding. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Friction stir welding

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Fsw-us hybrid process joining of engineering materials 11th

Fsw-us hybrid process joining of engineering materials

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11th International Conference on Innovative Technology for Joining Advanced materials, TIMA 2020

作者： Mnerie, Gabriela-Victoria Binchiciu, Emilia Florina Oancă, Octavian Victor Perianu, Ion Aurel Boțilă, Lia Nicoleta National Research & Development Institute for Welding and Material Testing – ISIM 30 Mihai Viteazu Blvd Timisoara300222 Romania

ISBN: (纸本)9783035717662

The friction processing techniques, respectively those that use ultrasonic waves, have been for several years important research directions for isim Timisoara. The remarkable scientific results obtained through the development of complex research programs for these processes, the diversification of the application possibilities, the desire to improve the characteristics of welded joints, were the basis of the development of the US-assisted FSW hybrid welding process. The paper presents the results obtained by isim Timișoara regarding the development of the FSWUS hybrid joining process. Variants of original technical solutions for the necessary equipment are presented together with assessments regarding the conditions of application of the FSW-US process. Experimental results are also presented for FSW-US welding for pairs of materials such as aluminum alloys EN AW 5754 and EN AW 1200, respectively steel EN 10111 DD13. Comparative assessments are made between classic FSW welding and FSW-US hybrid welding, which highlight the advantages of applying the hybrid process. © 2021 Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland.

关键词： Joining

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