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12th International Conference on Fluvial Hydraulics, River Flow 2024

作者： Chang, W.Y. Constantinescu, G. National Center for High Performance Computing National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering IIHR-Hydroscience and Engineering The University of Iowa Iowa City United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781032757216

Detached eddy simulations are used to investigate the role of turbulent struc tures generated by a vertical pile of circular cross section placed in oscillatory flow in inducing local scour. The study considers several cases with a Keulegan-Carpenter number in the range 1.5≤KC≤30.8 and unimodal forcing. It is found that the coherence of the horseshoe vortices increases with increasing KC and these vortices are present over part of the oscillatory cycle. The number of shed vortices in the wake over each half cycle also increases with KC and these vortices maintain a high coherence as they interact with the bed surface. Moreover, for suffi ciently large KC values, other vortices whose axes are parallel to the bed form in the wake. These vortices are induced by the interaction of the deformed cores of the vertical wake vortices with the bed surface. Assuming the depth-averaged velocity in the incoming (undisturbed) oscil latory flow is the same in simulations, the maximum sediment entrainment potential, measured by the mean (cycle-averaged) volumetric flux of sediment entrained from the bed over one oscillatory cycle, occurs for 8≤KC≤15.4. The paper also discusses the limitations of the RANS approach in predicting the correct amplification of the bed shear stress around the cylinder. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Wakes

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Enhancing Medical Diagnosis with Fine-Tuned Large Language Models: Addressing Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema (CPE) 24

Enhancing Medical Diagnosis with Fine-Tuned Large Language M...

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11th International Conference on Biomedical and Bioinformatics engineering, ICBBE 2024

作者： Chiu, Yen-Jung Chuang, Chao-Chun Hwa, Kuo-Yuan Department of Biomedical Engineering Ming Chuan University Taipei Taiwan National Center For High-Performance Computing Hsinchu Taiwan Department of Molecular Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9798400718274

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing (NLP) with significant advancements in text generation. LLMs often struggle with complex domain-specific tasks, such as medical report analysis, despite their capabilities. This study focuses on enhancing LLM performance for medical applications, particularly in diagnosing and managing cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE). This research explores fine-tuning LLMs to develop a real-time CPE chatbot for Intensive Care Units (ICUs). The chatbot aims to provide diagnostic suggestions and explanations based on patient data. In the results, the LLaMa3-8B model performed better in predicting patients' CPE stage and keyword extraction. The accuracies achieved 72% and 86%. Copyright © 2024 held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Diagnosis

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Learnable Prompting SAM-Induced Knowledge Distillation for Semi-Supervised Medical Image Segmentation

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IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2025年第5期44卷 2295-2306页

作者： Huang, Kaiwen Zhou, Tao Fu, Huazhu Zhang, Yizhe Zhou, Yi Gong, Chen Liang, Dong Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210094 China Institute of High-Performance Computing Agency for Science Technology and Research Fusionopolis Way 138632 Singapore Southeast University School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing211189 China Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging Research Center for Medical AI Shenzhen518055 China

The limited availability of labeled data has driven advancements in semi-supervised learning for medical image segmentation. Modern large-scale models tailored for general segmentation, such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM), have revealed robust generalization capabilities. However, applying these models directly to medical image segmentation still exposes performance degradation. In this paper, we propose a learnable prompting SAM-induced Knowledge distillation framework (KnowSAM) for semi-supervised medical image segmentation. Firstly, we propose a Multi-view Co-training (MC) strategy that employs two distinct sub-networks to employ a co-teaching paradigm, resulting in more robust outcomes. Secondly, we present a Learnable Prompt Strategy (LPS) to dynamically produce dense prompts and integrate an adapter to fine-tune SAM specifically for medical image segmentation tasks. Moreover, we propose SAM-induced Knowledge Distillation (SKD) to transfer useful knowledge from SAM to two sub-networks, enabling them to learn from SAM’s predictions and alleviate the effects of incorrect pseudo-labels during training. Notably, the predictions generated by our subnets are used to produce mask prompts for SAM, facilitating effective inter-module information exchange. Extensive experimental results on various medical segmentation tasks demonstrate that our model outperforms the state-of-the-art semi-supervised segmentation approaches. Crucially, our SAM distillation framework can be seamlessly integrated into other semi-supervised segmentation methods to enhance performance. © 1982-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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Automatic APT Attack Reconstruction Supporting Lateral Movement 2nd

Automatic APT Attack Reconstruction Supporting Lateral Movem...

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2nd International Conference on Security and Information Technologies with AI, Internet computing and Big-data Applications, SITAIBA 2023

作者： Fan, Chun-I Wu, Wei-Chen Shie, Cheng-Han Kuo, Hsin-Nan Lee, Bo-Yi Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan National Center for High-Performance Computing Hsinchu Taiwan Information Security Research Center National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung Taiwan

ISBN: (纸本)9789819777853

This work proposes a framework for generating datasets that allows users to adjust the APT attack techniques within it. The framework utilizes the MITRE ATT&CK framework to label the attack traffic based on the Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTP), which facilitating researchers in using the datasets for model training. Meanwhile, this work uses the framework to reconstruct the APT29 attack process and collect a dataset to validate the framework’s feasibility. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) Dataset generation The APT29 attack Threat intelligence

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Passive on-chip isolators based on the thin-film lithium niobate platform

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Chinese Physics B 2025年第3期34卷 408-413页

作者： Jiacheng Liu Gongyu Xia Qilin Hong Pingyu Zhu Kai-Kai Zhang Keyu Xia Ping Xu Shiqiao Qin Zhihong Zhu College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies&Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Nano Optoelectronic Information Materials and Devices National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High-Performance Computing College of Computer Science and TechnologyNational University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China College of Engineering and Applied Sciences National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructuresand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China

Optical isolators,the photonic analogs of electronic diodes,are essential for ensuring the unidirectional flow of light in optical systems,thereby mitigating the destabilizing effects of back ***-film lithium niobate(TFLN),hailed as“the silicon of photonics,”has emerged as a pivotal material in the realm of chip-scale nonlinear optics,propelling the demand for compact optical *** report a breakthrough in the development of a fully passive,integrated optical isolator on the TFLN platform,leveraging the Kerr effect to achieve an impressive 10.3 dB of isolation with a minimal insertion loss of 1.87 *** theoretical simulations have demonstrated that our design,when applied to a microring resonator with a Q factor of 5×10^(6),can achieve 20 dB of isolation with an input power of merely 8 *** advancement underscores the immense potential of lithium niobate-based Kerr-effect isolators in propelling the integration and application of high-performance on-chip lasers,heralding a new era in integrated photonics.

关键词： thin-film lithium niobate Kerr effect optical isolator

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Triple Synergistic Modulation via Sn Doping in Tetrahedrites: Electronic Structure, DOS, and Scattering engineering for a high Thermoelectric performance

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ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces 2025年第19期17卷 28384-28394页

作者： Huang, Lulu Wan, Shanhong Wu, Junyang Wang, Binbin Yu, Hongsong Liu, Yu Zhang, Jinhua Wu, Yucheng Zhang, Xuemei Yan, Jian Zhang, Jian School of Materials Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Engineering Research Center of High Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing Ministry of Education Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Anhui Province Engineering Research Center of Flexible and Intelligent Materials School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Infrared and Low Temperature Plasma Key Laboratory of Anhui Province College of Electronic Engineering National University of Defense Technology Hefei230037 China School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Ningxia Normal University Guyuan756000 China Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China

Achieving a high power factor and low lattice thermal conductivity is crucial for improving the thermoelectric performance. The eco-friendly Cu12Sb4S13 tetrahedrite inherently exhibits a high power factor (∼10-14 μW cm-1 K-2) and low thermal conductivity (0.5-1.00 W m-1 K-1), but these properties also impose significant limitations for further performance enhancement. To overcome these challenges, researchers have explored strategies such as codoping/synergistic element doping and nanocomposites. In this work, we demonstrate that Sn doping at the Sb site in Cu12Sb4S13 (without the use of nanocomposites) enables the synergistic modulation of both the electronic and thermal properties. The Sn doping increases the hole concentration and enhances the density of states (DOS), leading to a marked improvement in the power factor (at 750 K), 12 μW cm-1 K-2 for x = 0 to 16 μW cm-1 K-2 for x = 0.04. Simultaneously, Sn doping induces strong phonon scattering, which lowers thermal conductivity by ∼69% (at 750 K). This synergistic modulation of the electronic structure, DOS, and scattering mechanisms results in a significant enhancement in the thermoelectric performance. The optimized Cu12Sb3.96Sn0.04S13 sample exhibits an exceptional figure of merit (ZT) of 1.26 at 750 K, representing a 126% increase compared to pristine Cu12Sb4S13. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of Sn doping in simultaneously optimizing the electrical and thermal properties of Cu12Sb4S13 through the synergistic modulation of the electronic structure, density of states, and phonon scattering mechanisms. © 2025 American Chemical Society.

关键词： Phonon scattering

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On Error-Based Step Size Control for Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for Compressible Fluid Dynamics

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应用数学与计算数学学报 2025年第1期7卷 3-39页

作者： Hendrik Ranocha Andrew R.Winters Hugo Guillermo Castro Lisandro Dalcin Michael Schlottke-Lakemper Gregor J.Gassner Matteo Parsani Applied Mathematics University of HamburgBundesstr.5520146 HamburgGermany Department of Mathematics Applied Mathematics Linköping UniversityLinköpingSweden Extreme Computing Research Center(ECRC) Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division(CEMSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Applied and Computational Mathematics RWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany High-Performance Computing Center Stuttgart University of StuttgartStuttgartGermany Department of Mathematics and Computer Science University of CologneCologneGermany Center for Data and Simulation Science University of CologneCologneGermany Extreme Computing Research Center(ECRC) Computer Electrical and Mathematical Science and Engineering Division(CEMSE)King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia Physical Science and Engineering Division(PSE) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Thuwal 23955-6900Saudi Arabia

We study a temporal step size control of explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)methods for com-pressible computational fluid dynamics(CFD),including the Navier-Stokes equations and hyperbolic systems of conservation laws such as the Euler *** demonstrate that error-based approaches are convenient in a wide range of applications and compare them to more classical step size control based on a Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy(CFL)*** numerical examples show that the error-based step size control is easy to use,robust,and efficient,e.g.,for(initial)transient periods,complex geometries,nonlinear shock captur-ing approaches,and schemes that use nonlinear entropy *** demonstrate these properties for problems ranging from well-understood academic test cases to industrially relevant large-scale computations with two disjoint code bases,the open source Julia pack-ages *** with *** and the C/Fortran code SSDC based on PETSc.

关键词： Explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)methods Step size control Compressible fluid dynamics Adaptivity in space and time Shock capturing

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Flow structure around a vertical cylinder placed in an open channel under combined wave-current flows

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Physical Review Fluids 2025年第2期10卷 024804-024804页

作者： Wen-Yi Chang George Constantinescu National Center for High-Performance Computing National Applied Research Laboratories Hsinchu 30076 Taiwan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering & IIHR Hydroscience and Engineering The University of Iowa Iowa City City Iowa 52240 USA

A series of simulations with a circular cylinder of diameter D placed in an open channel flow of depth H are conducted in both purely oscillatory flow (one-mode forcing with maximum orbital velocity, Um) and in combined oscillatory and current flow regime (mean velocity, Us). The paper discusses how the phase-averaged flow, the coherent structures generated around the cylinder, and the forces induced on the cylinder change with the ratio between the steady current velocity and the oscillatory velocity (0≤Us/Um≤1.4) and with the Keulegan-Carpenter number, KC=UmT/D (1.5≤KC≤30.8), where T is the period of the oscillatory flow. Results show that for constant Us/Um, the capacity of the horseshoe vortex to erode the bed increases with the KC number. For constant KC number, the overall coherence and lifespan of the main horseshoe vortex forming during each oscillatory cycle increase with Us/Um. The same is true for the number and initial circulation of the wake vortices shed on the downstream side of the cylinder in the simulations conducted with KC=15.4 and 30.8. An instability in the form of large-scale hairpin-like vortices develops along the vertical cores of the wake vortices in the KC=1.5 simulations with Us/Um≥1.0. For combined wave-current flows with Us/Um≥0.4, the regions of relatively high bed shear stress magnitude and the peak values inside these regions increase monotonically with the KC number for constant Us/Um. Results show that even for cases with a steady current, the oscillatory component of the phase-averaged in-line force is reasonably well described by Morisson's equation. A drag coefficient can be defined for the steady component of the in-line force with Us as the velocity scale. For high KC numbers and Us/Um>1 this drag coefficient is comparable to the standard drag coefficient in steady flow. The phase lag between the in-line force and the oscillatory velocity component decreases with increasing KC and is independent of Us/Um. For cases where the

关键词： Wakes

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All-optical scalable and programmable VCSEL-based Ising annealer with parallel feedback

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Optics Express 2025年第11期33卷 22119-22131页

作者： Dewen Zhang Zifeng Yuan Thanh Xuan Hoang Wujie Fu Ching Eng Png Soon Thor Lim Aaron Danner National University of Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering 4 Engineering Drive 3 117583 Singapore Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A★STAR) 1 Fusionopolis Way #16-16 Connexis 138632 Singapore

An Ising machine stands as a compelling solution for large-scale combinatorial optimization problems, leveraging its unconventional computational architecture. We propose an optical parallel feedback system, employing mutual injection locking of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) and programmable spatial light modulators (SLMs), specifically aimed at removing electrical bottlenecks to achieve all-optical computation. Through simulation results, the ability to solve a 16-bit square-lattice MAXCUT optimization problem is analyzed. As a proof-of-concept, we demonstrate an optical injection lock using single-mode master and slave VCSELs. Remarkably, we achieve polarization switching with less than 1% of the master VCSEL’s injection power. Building upon this modest achievement, we outline a roadmap envisioning the integration of advanced nanophotonic devices, particularly metasurface-enabled SLMs and VCSELs. This strategic evolution targets scalability and programmability while upholding an all-optical computing paradigm.

关键词： Diffractive optical elements Fiber lasers Light propagation Optical parametric oscillators Spatial light modulators Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers

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Surface damage evolution during helium plasma irradiation of W-Y2O3 composite materials in different grain orientations

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Journal of Nuclear Materials 2025年 612卷

作者： Liu, Zhen Wei, Guo-Qing Ye, Wei Yao, Gang Zhang, Yi-Fan Luo, Lai-Ma Wu, Yu-Cheng School of Materials Science and Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Engineering Research Center of High-Performance Copper Alloy Materials and Processing Ministry of Education Hefei230009 China National-Local Joint Engineering Research Centre of Nonferrous Metals and Processing Technology Hefei230009 China

Tungsten (W) is the preferred material for first walls. In this study, a linear plasma device was employed to irradiate two surfaces of a W-Y2O3 (WYO) composite rod with low-energy helium plasma, with one surface perpendicular and the other parallel to the rod's axial direction. The evolution of surface damage on WYO due to plasma irradiation was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, while the effect of grain orientation on irradiation damage resistance was analyzed through electron backscatter diffraction and white light interferometry. Results reveal that under varying irradiation doses, the surface of polycrystalline W exhibits three distinct morphologies: wavy, pyramidal, and step-like structures. A comparison of the two surfaces shows that the extent of irradiation damage is highly dependent on grain orientation. Specifically, grains oriented along the [101] direction demonstrate the strongest resistance to irradiation damage, whereas those with a [111] orientation exhibit the weakest resistance. Further analysis suggests that differences in atomic binding energies on various crystal planes, along with the channeling effect of adjacent planes, may significantly influence the observed surface morphologies. © 2025

关键词： Crystal orientation

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