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arXiv 2025年

作者： Guo, Xiaotong Yang, Deqian Wang, Dan Zhao, Haochen Li, Yuan Sui, Zhilin Zhou, Tao Zhang, Lijun Meng, Yanda State Key Laboratory of Computer Science Institute of Software Chinese Academy of Sciences China Department of Thoracic Surgery National Clinical Research Center for Cancer Cancer Hospital Shenzhen Hospital China School of Intelligent Science and Technology Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou310024 China R&D Center Guangxi Huayi Artificial Intelligence Medical Technology Co. Ltd. China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Department of Computer Science University of Exeter Exeter United Kingdom Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Medicine University of Liverpool Liverpool United Kingdom Guangzhou Jiayi Software Technology Co. Ltd. China

Accurate segmentation of pulmonary structures is crucial in clinical diagnosis, disease study, and treatment planning. Significant progress has been made in deep learning-based segmentation techniques, but most require much labeled data for training. Consequently, developing precise segmentation methods that demand fewer labeled datasets is paramount in medical image analysis. The emergence of pre-trained vision-language foundation models, such as CLIP, recently opened the door for universal computer vision tasks. Exploiting the generalization ability of these pre-trained foundation models on downstream tasks, such as segmentation, leads to unexpected performance with a relatively small amount of labeled data. However, exploring these models for pulmonary artery-vein segmentation is still limited. This paper proposes a novel framework called Language-guided self-adaptive Cross-Attention Fusion Framework. Our method adopts pre-trained CLIP as a strong feature extractor for generating the segmentation of 3D CT scans, while adaptively aggregating the cross-modality of text and image representations. We propose a s pecially designed adapter module to fine-tune pre-trained CLIP with a self-adaptive learning strategy to effectively fuse the two modalities of embeddings. We extensively validate our method on a local dataset, which is the largest pulmonary artery-vein CT dataset to date and consists of 718 labeled data in total. The experiments show that our method outperformed other state-of-the-art methods by a large margin. Our data and code will be made publicly available upon acceptance. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Visual languages

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ADAT: Time-Series-Aware Adaptive Transformer Architecture for Sign Language Translation

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shahin, Nada Ismail, Leila Lab Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering College of Information Technology United Arab Emirates University Abu Dhabi Al Ain United Arab Emirates National Water and Energy United Arab Emirates University Abu Dhabi Al Ain United Arab Emirates Emirates Center for Mobility Research United Arab Emirates University Abu Dhabi Al Ain United Arab Emirates

Current sign language machine translation systems rely on recognizing hand movements, facial expressions and body postures, and natural language processing, to convert signs into text. Recent approaches use Transformer architectures to model long-range dependencies via positional encoding. However, they lack accuracy in recognizing fine-grained, short-range temporal dependencies between gestures captured at high framerates. Moreover, their high computational complexity leads to inefficient training. To mitigate these issues, we propose an Adaptive Transformer (ADAT), which incorporates components for enhanced feature extraction and adaptive feature weighting through a gating mechanism to emphasize contextually relevant features while reducing training overhead and maintaining translation accuracy. To evaluate ADAT, we introduce MedASL, the first public medical American Sign Language dataset. In sign-to-gloss-to-text experiments, ADAT outperforms the encoder-decoder transformer, improving BLEU-4 accuracy by 0.1% while reducing training time by 14.33% on PHOENIX14T and 3.24% on MedASL. In sign-to-text experiments, it improves accuracy by 8.7% and reduces training time by 2.8% on PHOENIX14T and achieves 4.7% higher accuracy and 7.17% faster training on MedASL. Compared to encoder-only and decoder-only baselines in sign-to-text, ADAT is at least 6.8% more accurate despite being up to 12.1% slower due to its dual-stream structure. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Neural machine translation

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A Van der Waals Moiré Bilayer Photonic Crystal Cavity

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Spencer, Lesley Coste, Nathan Ni, Xueqi Park, Seungmin Schaeper, Otto C. Kim, Young Duck Taniguchi, Takashi Watanabe, Kenji Toth, Milos Zalogina, Anastasiia Tang, Haoning Aharonovich, Igor School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences University of Technology Sydney UltimoNSW2007 Australia ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems University of Technology Sydney UltimoNSW2007 Australia Department of Physics National University of Singapore 119077 Singapore Department of Physics Kyung Hee University Seoul02447 Korea Republic of International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Research Center for Functional Materials National Institute for Materials Science 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba305-0044 Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of California at Berkeley BerkeleyCA94720 United States School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University CambridgeMA02138 United States

Enhancing light-matter interactions with photonic structures is critical in classical and quantum nanophotonics. Recently, Moiré twisted bilayer optical materials have been proposed as a promising means towards a tunable and controllable platform for nanophotonic devices, with proof of principle realisations in the near infrared spectral range. However, the realisation of Moiré photonic crystal (PhC) cavities has been challenging, due to a lack of advanced nanofabrication techniques and availability of standalone transparent membranes. Here, we leverage the properties of the van der Waals material hexagonal Boron Nitride to realize Moiré bilayer PhC cavities. We design and fabricate a range of devices with controllable twist angles, with flatband modes in the visible spectral range (~ 450 nm). Optical characterization confirms the presence of spatially periodic cavity modes originating from the engineered dispersion relation (flatband). Our findings present a major step towards harnessing a two-dimensional van der Waals material for the next-generation of on chip, twisted nanophotonic systems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

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Constructing resource-efficient quantum circuits for AES

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Frontiers in Physics 2025年 13卷

作者： Jiang, Liao-Liang Cai, Bin-Bin Gao, Fei Qin, Su-Juan Jin, Zheng-Ping Wen, Qiao-Yan State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China School of Cyberspace Security Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China College of Computer and Cyber Security Fujian Normal University Fuzhou China National Engineering Research Center of Disaster Backup and Recovery Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing China

An efficient quantum implementation of the advanced encryption standard (AES) is crucial for reducing the complexity of implementing an exhaustive key search through Grover’s algorithm. In this paper, we study how to construct resource-efficient quantum circuits for AES. We consider the product of T-gates depth and width (TDW) and the product of full depth and width (FDW) as optimization targets. We propose a generic method, called the controlled control qubit cascade (CCQC) technique, to construct quantum circuits for nonlinear components with reduced TDW and FDW. Using this, we construct a quantum circuit for the AES S-box. Compared with recent work presented at ASIACRYPT 2023, our S-box quantum circuit achieves reductions of 2.3% in TDW and 45.2% in FDW. Additionally, we propose a new key schedule strategy to reduce the full depth of the AES quantum circuit. Finally, the trade-offs between T-gates depth and width and the parallel numbers of S-box and TDW are analyzed. Copyright © 2025 Jiang, Cai, Gao, Qin, Jin and Wen.

关键词： Quantum electronics

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Biomedical data and AI

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Science China Life Sciences 2025年第5期68卷 1536-1540页

作者： Hao Xu Shibo Zhou Zefeng Zhu Vincenzo Vitelli Liangyi Chen Ziwei Dai Ning Yang Luhua Lai Shengyong Yang Sergey Ovchinnikov Zhuoran Qiao Sirui Liu Chen Song Jianfeng Pei Han Wen Jianfeng Feng Yaoyao Zhang Zhengwei Xie Yang-Yu Liu Zhiyuan Li Fulai Jin Hao Li Mohammad Lotfollahi Xuegong Zhang Ge Yang Shihua Zhang Ge Gao Pulin Li Qi Liu Jing-Dong Jackie Han Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences (CLS) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Center for Quantitative Biology (CQB) Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Peking University-Tsinghua University-National Institute of Biological Sciences Joint Graduate Program Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking University Department of Physics University of Chicago School of Life Sciences Southern University of Science and Technology Peking University Chengdu Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Biotechnologies College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Department of Biotherapy Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan University Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lambic Therapeutics Inc. Changping Laboratory Al for Science Institute Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Fudan University Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology West China Second University HospitalSichuan University Peking University International Cancer Institute and Peking University-Yunnan Baiyao International Medical Institute and State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs Department of Molecular and Cellular PharmacologySchool of Pharmaceutical SciencesPeking University Health Science CenterPeking University Channing Division of Network Medicine Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School Center for Artificial Intelligence and Modeling the Carl R.Woese Institute for Genomic BiologyUniversity of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences School of Medicine and Department of Computer and Data Sciences and Department of Population and Quantitative Health SciencesCase Western Reserve University Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics University of California Sanger Institute Department of Automation Tsinghua University State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems I

The development of artificial intelligence(AI) and the mining of biomedical data complement each other. From the direct use of computer vision results to analyze medical images for disease screening, to now integrating biological knowledge into models and even accelerating the development of new AI based on biological discoveries, the boundaries of both are constantly expanding, and their connections are becoming closer.

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Enhancing polyp detection in endoscopy with cross-channel self-attention fusion

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Smart Health 2025年 36卷

作者： Liang, Xiaolong Chen, Shuijiao Shu, Linfeng Wang, Dechun Chen, Qilei Cao, Yu Liu, Benyuan Zhang, Honggang Liu, Xiaowei Department of Gastroenterology National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease Hunan Changsha 410008 China Miner School of Computer & Information Sciences University of Massachusetts Lowell Lowell 01854 MA United States School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan 430074 China Department of Engineering University of Massachusetts Boston Boston 02125 MA United States

Colorectal cancer (CRC) poses a significant global health challenge, ranking as a leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Colonoscopy, the most effective means of preventing CRC, is utilized for early detection and removal of precancerous growths. However, while there have been many efforts that utilize deep learning based approaches for automatic polyp detection, false positive rates in polyp detection during colonoscopy remain high due to the diverse characteristics of polyps and the presence of various artifacts. This paper introduces an innovative technique aimed at improving polyp detection accuracy in colonoscopy video frames. The proposed method introduces a novel framework incorporating a cross-channel self-attention fusion unit, aimed at enhancing polyp detection accuracy in endoscopic procedures. The integration of this unit proves to play an important role in refining prediction quality, resulting in more precise detection outcomes in complex medical imaging scenarios. To substantiate the effectiveness of our framework, we create an extensive private dataset comprising complete endoscopy videos, captured from diverse equipment from different manufacturers. This dataset represents realistic and intricate application scenarios, offering an authentic and effective foundation for both training and evaluating our framework. Thorough experiments and ablation studies are conducted to assess the performance of our proposed approach. The results demonstrate that our framework, featuring key technical innovations, significantly reduces false detections and achieves a higher recall rate. This underscores the remarkable effectiveness of our framework in upgrading polyp detection accuracy in real-world endoscopy procedures. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.

关键词： Colonoscopy computer vision Convolutional neural network Deep learning Polyp detection

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Resource investment for DDoS attack resistant SDN: a practical assessment

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 112-129页

作者： Bin YUAN Fan ZHANG Jun WAN Huan ZHAO Shui YU Deqing ZOU Qiangsheng HUA Hai JIN School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System Services Computing Technology and System Lab Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science University of Technology Sydney

Software-defined networks(SDNs) present a novel network architecture that is widely used in various datacenters. However, SDNs also suffer from many types of security threats, among which a distributed denial of service(DDoS) attack, which aims to drain the resources of SDN switches and controllers,is one of the most common. Once the switch or controller is damaged, the network services can be *** defense schemes against DDoS attacks have been proposed from the perspective of attack detection;however, such defense schemes are known to suffer from a time consuming and unpromising accuracy, which could result in an unavailable network service before specific countermeasures are taken. To address this issue through a systematic investigation, we propose an elaborate resource-management mechanism against DDoS attacks in an SDN. Specifically, by considering the SDN topology, we leverage the M/M/c queuing model to measure the resistance of an SDN to DDoS attacks. Network administrators can therefore invest a reasonable number of resources into SDN switches and SDN controllers to defend against DDoS attacks while guaranteeing the quality of service(QoS). Comprehensive analyses and empirical data-based experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： SDN security DDoS attacks resource management queueing theory QoS

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Robust Charging Solutions for 400V EV Batteries: Implementing a Quasi Single-Stage Current-Fed Resonant Converter

Robust Charging Solutions for 400V EV Batteries: Implementin...

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IEEE Texas Power and Energy Conference (TPEC)

作者： Muhammad Furqan Waqar Uddin Kamran Zeb Muhammad Ashar Ayaz Irfan Khan Muhammad Khalid School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (SEECS) National University of Science and Technology (NUST) Islamabad Pakistan Interdisciplinary Research Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (IRC-SES) King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) Dhahran Saudi Arabia IRC-SES KFUPM Dhahran Saudi Arabia Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engneering Texas A and M University College Station TX USA Dept. of Elec. and Comp. Engineering Texas A and M University College Station TX USA Electrical Engineering Department KFUPM and IRC-SES KFUPM Dhahran Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (数字)9798331541125

ISBN: (纸本)9798331541132

This work presents a high-performance AC-DC quasi single-stage current-fed resonant converter based electric vehicles (EVs) charger. A non-linear control technique is applied which has two main objectives i.e; Power factor correction (PFC) and regulation of DC output voltage. For this purpose, super twisting sliding mode control (ST-SMC) is suggested in this study for 400V batteries of EVs. To reduce switching losses and improve efficiency, the secondary side switch shows turn OFF with zero voltage switching (ZVS) while the primary ones exhibit ZVS at turn ON instant. Hardware-in-loop (HIL) experimental validation based on the Delfino F28369D dual-core microcontroller is used to verify the performance of the controller and converter simulated on PSIM and MATLAB/Simulink.

关键词： Microcontrollers Switching loss Switches Resonant converters Zero voltage switching Regulation Batteries Safety Voltage control Sliding mode control

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Stability and Hopf bifurcation of a nonlinear electromechanical coupling system with time delay feedback

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Chinese Physics B 2015年第1期24卷 345-353页

作者：刘爽赵双双王兆龙李海滨 Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province Yanshan University National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan University

The stability and the Hopf bifurcation of a nonlinear electromechanical coupling system with time delay feedback are studied. By considering the energy in the air-gap field of the AC motor, the dynamical equation of the electromechanical coupling transmission system is deduced and a time delay feedback is introduced to control the dynamic behaviors of the system. The characteristic roots and the stable regions of time delay are determined by the direct method, and the relationship between the feedback gain and the length summation of stable regions is analyzed. Choosing the time delay as a bifurcation parameter, we find that the Hopf bifurcation occurs when the time delay passes through a critical value.A formula for determining the direction of the Hopf bifurcation and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions is given by using the normal form method and the center manifold theorem. Numerical simulations are also performed, which confirm the analytical results.

关键词： electromechanical coupling time delay Hopf bifurcation stability

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Hopf bifurcation control for a coupled nonlinear relative rotation system with time-delay feedbacks

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Chinese Physics B 2014年第10期23卷 299-305页

作者：刘爽李雪谈书贤李海滨 Key Laboratory of Industrial Computer Control Engineering of Hebei Province Yanshan University National Engineering Research Center for Equipment and Technology of Cold Strip Rolling Yanshan University

This paper investigates the Hopf bifurcations resulting from time delay in a coupled relative-rotation system with time- delay feedbacks. Firstly, considering external excitation, the dynamical equation of relative rotation nonlinear dynamical system with primary resonance and 1：1 internal resonance under time-delay feedbacks is deduced. Secondly, the averaging equation is obtained by the multiple scales method. The periodic solution in a closed form is presented by a perturbation approach. At last, numerical simulations confirm that time-delay theoretical analyses have influence on the Hopf bifurcation point and the stability of periodic solution.

关键词： relative rotation coupled nonlinear system bifurcation time delay

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