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SSRN 2022年

作者： Varga, Bálint Stippinger, Marcell Benkő, Zsigmond Fabó, Dániel Halász, Péter Erőss, Loránd Somogyvári, Zoltán Telcs, András Department of Computational Sciences Wigner Research Centre for Physics BudapestH-1121 Hungary János Szentágothai Doctoral School of Neurosciences Semmelweis University BudapestH-1085 Hungary Epilepsy Center Juhász Pál National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences BudapestH-1145 Hungary EPI-HELP BudapestH-1012 Hungary Department of Functional Neurosurgery National Institute of Clinical Neurosciences BudapestH-1145 Hungary Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics Péter Pázmány Catholic University BudapestH-1083 Hungary Neuromicrosystems ltd. BudapestH-1113 Hungary Department of Computer Science and Information Theory Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Budapest University of Technology and Economics BudapestH-1111 Hungary Department of Quantitative Methods University of Pannonia Faculty of Business and Economics VeszprémH-8200 Hungary

Non-interventional causal discovery is a challenging task. This is particularly true for causal relations of dynamic systems with chaotic attractors. The known solutions are data-intensive and cannot detect a hidden common driver (common cause or confounder). We propose a new method which eliminates both *** method is based on Takens' embedding theorem and complexity of the rank order patterns of the embedded series measured by the compressibility usingnon-sequential recursive pair substitution. The method works on shortsamples and is capable of detecting all kinds of causal connection (including hidden common cause). The newmethod is validated on synthetic data sets and applied to two types of humanelectrophysiological data from epileptic patients. In bothcases, the method revealed self-consistent, contradiction-free and biologically relevant causal connections between the investigatedareas. Thus the method may provide additional indication for the location ofintervention for the decision making medical panel. Given the method advantages and simplicity it might be applied in many other scientific and practical areas with success. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Time series

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Evolution of diversity and dominance of companies in online activity

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： McCarthy, Paul X. Gong, Xian Eghbal, Sina Falster, Daniel S. Rizoiu, Marian-Andrei School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia College of Engineering and Computer Science The Australian National University Canberra Australia Evolution & Ecology Research Centre School of Biological Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales SydneyNSW2052 Australia UTS Data Science Institute University of Technology Sydney SydneyNSW2007 Australia

Ever since the web began, the number of websites has been growing exponentially. These websites cover an ever-increasing range of online services that fill a variety of social and economic functions across a growing range of industries. Yet the networked nature of the web, combined with the economics of preferential attachment, increasing returns and global trade, suggest that over the long run a small number of competitive giants are likely to dominate each functional market segment, such as search, retail and social media. Here we perform a large scale longitudinal study to quantify the distribution of attention given in the online environment to competing organisations. In two large online social media datasets, containing more than 10 billion posts and spanning more than a decade, we tally the volume of external links posted towards the organisations' main domain name as a proxy for the online attention they receive. We also use the Common Crawl dataset - which contains the linkage patterns between more than a billion different websites - to study the patterns of link concentration over the past three years across the entire web. Lastly, we showcase the linking between economic, financial and market data by exploring the relationships between online attention on social media and the growth in enterprise value in the electric carmaker Tesla. Our analysis shows that despite the fact that we observe consistent growth in all the macro indicators - the total amount of online attention, in the number of organisations with an online presence, and in the functions they perform - we also observe that a smaller number of organisations account for an ever-increasing proportion of total user attention, usually with one large player dominating each function. These results highlight how evolution of the online economy involves innovation, diversity, and then competitive dominance. © 2020, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Social networking (online)

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Fundamental limitations on the device-independent quantum conference key agreement

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Horodecki, Karol Winczewski, Marek Das, Siddhartha Institute of Informatics National Quantum Information Centre Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 57 Gdańsk80-308 Poland International Centre for Theory of Quantum Technologies University of Gdańsk Gdańsk80-308 Poland School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics National Quantum Information Centre Faculty of Mathematics Physics and Informatics University of Gdańsk Wita Stwosza 57 Gdańsk80-308 Poland École Polytechnique de Bruxelles Université libre de Bruxelles BrusselsB-1050 Belgium Center for Security Theory and Algorithmic Research International Institute of Information Technology Gachibowli Telangana Hyderabad500032 India

We provide several general upper bounds on the rate of a key secure against a quantum adversary in the device-independent conference key agreement (DI-CKA) scenario. They include bounds by reduced entanglement measures and those based on multipartite secrecy monotones such as a multipartite squashed entanglement-based measure, which we refer to as reduced c-squashed entanglement. We compare the latter bound with the known lower bound for the protocol of conference key distillation based on the parity Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt game. We also show that the gap between the DI-CKA rate and the device-dependent rate is inherited from the bipartite gap between device-independent and device-dependent key rates, giving examples that exhibit the strict gap. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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Biomethane production as a green energy source from anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste: A state-of-the-art review

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Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2023年 53卷

作者： Ayyadurai Saravanakumar M.R. Sudha Wei-Hsin Chen Vijayakumar Pradeshwaran Veeramuthu Ashokkumar Anurita Selvarajoo Centre for Research in Environment Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH) Directorate of Research SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur – 603 203 Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu India Department of Computer Applications College of Science and Humanities SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur – 603 203 Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu India Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan 701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung 407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung 411 Taiwan Department of Chemistry SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur – 603 203 Chengalpattu District Tamil Nadu India Biorefineries for Biofuels & Bioproducts Laboratory Center for Transdisciplinary Research Department of Pharmacology Saveetha Dental College Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai 600077 India Department of Civil Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Malaysia

The ever-increasing demand for space and financial resources to manage existing and future municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills has become a significant obstacle in many countries. Landfills can negatively affect the ecosystem, including pollution and releasing greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. Recently, interest has increased in recovering methane (CH 4 ) from the anaerobic digestion of solid waste, which promises an improvement in MSW management. This study examines the state-of-the-art anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste as a treatment strategy for preventing trash from dumping in landfills. This research also includes the concept of making environmentally friendly biomethane from MSW. The effects of graphene, carbon nanomaterial , and biochar as additives, as well as the effects of microorganisms and environmental factors on the efficiency of the process, have been studied in detail. The essential results of this study show that anaerobic digestion could be an effective method to convert raw municipal solid waste into valuable products like biomethane and other energy-rich compounds, which may contribute to addressing the world's growing continuous energy needs in the future.

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High-purity orbital angular momentum states from a visible metasurface laser

High-purity orbital angular momentum states from a visible m...

引用

Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics (CLEO)

作者： Darryl Naidoo Hend Sroor Yao-Wei Huang Bereneice Sephton Adam Vallés Vincent Ginis Qiwen Zhan Cheng-Wei Qiu Antonio Ambrosio Federico Capasso Andrew Forbes CSIR National Laser Centre Pretoria South Africa School of Physics University of the Witwatersrand Wits South Africa School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering & Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA National University of Singapore Singapore Molecular Chirality Research Center Chiba University Chiba Japan University of Dayton Dayton Ohio USA Center for Nanoscale Systems Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA CNST - Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Via Giovanni Pascoli 70 Milano MI Italy

We demonstrate the selection of twisted light carrying Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) of l = 100 with an 88% purity by arbitrary spin-to-orbit coupling inside a visible solid- state laser with a metasurface device.

ISBN: (纸本)9781943580910

关键词： Couplings Lasers and electrooptics Metasurfaces Solid lasers Orbits Electrooptical waveguides

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Correction: Metabolic modulation to improve MSC expansion and therapeutic potential for articular cartilage repair

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Stem cell research & therapy 2024年第1期15卷 403页

作者： Ching Ann Tee Daniel Ninio Roxby Rashidah Othman Vinitha Denslin Kiesar Sideeq Bhat Zheng Yang Jongyoon Han Lisa Tucker-Kellogg Laurie A Boyer Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre 1 Create Way Enterprise Wing #04-13/14 Singapore 138602 Republic of Singapore. NUS Tissue Engineering Program Life Sciences Institute National University of Singapore 27 Medical Drive DSO (Kent Ridge) Building Level 4 Singapore 117510 Republic of Singapore. Department of Bioresources University of Kashmir Hazratbal Srinagar 190006 India. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery National University of Singapore 1E Kent Ridge Road NUHS Tower Block 11 Singapore 119288 Republic of Singapore. Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology 50 Vassar St Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA. Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre 1 Create Way Enterprise Wing #04-13/14 Singapore 138602 Republic of Singapore. tuckernus@***. Cancer and Stem Cell Biology and Centre for Computational Biology Duke-NUS Medical School 8 College Rd Singapore 169857 Republic of Singapore. tuckernus@***. Critical Analytics for Manufacturing Personalised-medicine (CAMP) Interdisciplinary Research Group Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology (SMART) Centre 1 Create Way Enterprise Wing #04-13/14 Singapore 138602 Republic of Singapore. lboyer@mit.edu. Department of Biological Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA. lboyer@mit.edu. Department of Biology Massachusetts Institute of Technology 77 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge MA 02139 USA. lboyer@mit.edu.

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Quantifying COVID-19 enforced global changes in atmospheric pollutants using cloud computing based remote sensing

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Singh, Manmeet Singh, Bhupendra Bahadur Singh, Raunaq Upendra, Badimela Kaur, Rupinder Gill, Sukhpal Singh Biswas, Mriganka Sekhar Centre for Climate Change Research Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India Pune India IDP in Climate Studies Indian Institute of Technology Bombay India Department of Geophysics Banaras Hindu University Varanasi India School of Sciences Indira Gandhi National Open University Delhi India National Centre for Earth Science Studies Ministry of Earth Sciences Government of India Thiruvananthapuram India Department of Chemistry Guru Nanak Dev University Amritsar India School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom Department of Atmospheric and Space Sciences Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune India

Global lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to changes in the anthropogenic activities resulting in perceivable air quality improvements. Although several recent studies have analyzed these changes over different regions of the globe, these analyses have been constrained due to the usage of station based data which is mostly limited upto the metropolitan cities. Also the quantifiable changes have been reported only for the developed and developing regions leaving the poor economies (e.g. Africa) due to the shortage of in-situ data. Using a comprehensive set of high spatiotemporal resolution satellites and merged products of air pollutants, we analyze the air quality across the globe and quantify the improvement resulting from the suppressed anthropogenic activity during the lockdowns. In particular, we focus on megacities, capitals and cities with high standards of living to make the quantitative assessment. Our results offer valuable insights into the spatial distribution of changes in the air pollutants due to COVID-19 enforced lockdowns. Statistically significant reductions are observed over megacities with mean reduction by 19.74%, 7.38% and 49.9% in nitrogen dioxide (NO2), aerosol optical depth (AOD) and PM2.5 concentrations. Google Earth Engine empowered cloud computing based remote sensing is used and the results provide a testbed for climate sensitivity experiments and validation of chemistry-climate models. Additionally, Google Earth Engine based apps have been developed to visualize the changes in a real-time fashion. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Cloud computing

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Spectroscopic detection of pigments in tissues: correlation with tissue aging and cancer development

Spectroscopic detection of pigments in tissues: correlation ...

引用

International Conference on Laser Optics

作者： L. M. Oliveira T. M. Gonç alves A. R. Botelho I. S. Martins H. F. Silva I. Carneiro S. Carvalho R. Henrique V. V. Tuchin ISEP Center of Innovation in Engineering and Industrial Technology Porto Portugal Physics Department Polytechnic of Porto - School of Engineering (ISEP) Porto Portugal Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Porto University - School of Engineering Porto Portugal Department of Pathology and Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto Porto Portugal Dept. of Pathological Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy Polytechnic of Porto - School of Health (ESS) Porto Portugal Deptartment of Pathology Santa Luzia Hospital (ULSAM) Viana do Castelo Portugal Dept. of Pat hol. and Molecular Immunology Porto University - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar Porto Portugal Science Medical Center Saratov State University Saratov Russia Laboratory of Laser Molecular Imaging and Machine Learning National Research Tomsk State University Tomsk Russia Laboratory of Laser Diagnostics of Technical and Living Systems Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control FRC &#x2018 Saratov Scientific Centre&#x2019 of the Russian Academy of Sciences Saratov Russia

ISBN: (数字)9781665466646

ISBN: (纸本)9781665466653

The direct calculation of the absorption coefficient spectra of various tissues from spectral measurements allowed to retrieve the contents of melanin and lipofuscin. In the rabbit brain cortex, 1.8 times higher melanin content is explained by the neuron degeneration process. Similar melanin and lipofuscin contents were found in the rabbit pancreas as a result of the tissue aging process. The conversion of 83 % of the melanin in the human normal kidney into lipofuscin in the cancer kidney indicates that lipofuscin can be considered a kidney cancer marker in humans.

关键词： Rabbits Absorption Neurons Lasers Aging Pigments Optics

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GrassQ - A holistic precision grass measurement and analysis system to optimize pasture based livestock production

GrassQ - A holistic precision grass measurement and analysis...

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2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting

作者： Murphy, Darren J. O' Brien, Bernadette Askari, Mohammad Sadegh McCarthy, Tim Magee, Aidan Burke, Rebekah Murphy, Michael D. Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Moorepark Fermoy Co. Cork Ireland Department of Process Energy and Transport Engineering Cork Institute of Technology Cork Ireland Department of Computer Science National University of Ireland Maynooth Co. Kildare Ireland University of Zanjan Zanjan Iran

GrassQ is a holistic grassland decision support system (DSS) that encapsulates a range of measurement technologies to provide yield and quality data to a cloud based platform, which can provide users with real time management information in the field. GrassQ aims to promote precision agricultural concepts within the pasture based livestock industry. Accurate measurement and allocation of fresh pasture to grazing herds on a daily basis is essential in increasing efficiency. Novel systems of measuring grass yield and quality were developed at the Moorepark Animal and Grassland research centre in Cork, Ireland, over the grass growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Measurement systems included ground based and remote sensing techniques. The prototype GrassQ DSS was designed to process datasets uploaded from all proposed measurement systems. Measurement parameters were compressed sward height (CSH) (mm), herbage mass (HM) (kgDM/ha), dry matter (DM) (g/kg) and crude protein (CP) (g/kg). Ground based measurements were recorded using a smart rising plate meter (RPM) and lab based near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Multispectral remote sensing was carried out using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and data from the European Union's Sentinel-2 satellite (S2). Reference analyses for all prediction models were carried out at Moorpark's Grassland Laboratory and all sample locations were geo-tagged to enable spatial mapping of all parameters. The GrassQ prototype DSS is currently operational, including a number of preliminary grass quantity and quality prediction models. The complete Grass DSS will be is launched upon final validation. © 2019 ASABE Annual International Meeting. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision support systems

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Using the Sun to Measure the Primary Beam Response of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Amiri, Mandana Bandura, Kevin Boskovic, Anja Cliche, Jean-François Deng, Meiling Dobbs, Matt Fandino, Mateus Foreman, Simon Halpern, Mark Hill, Alex S. Hinshaw, Gary Höfer, Carolin Kania, Joseph Landecker, T.L. MacEachern, Joshua Masui, Kiyoshi Mena-Parra, Juan Newburgh, Laura Ordog, Anna Pinsonneault-Marotte, Tristan Polzin, Ava Reda, Alex Richard Shaw, J. Siegel, Seth R. Singh, Saurabh Vanderlinde, Keith Wang, Haochen Willis, James S. Wulf, Dallas Department of Physics and Astronomy University of British Columbia VancouverBC Canada Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering West Virginia University MorgantownWV United States Department of Physics McGill University MontrealQC Canada Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre National Research Council Canada PentictonBC Canada Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics WaterlooON Canada Department of Physical Sciences Thompson Rivers University KamloopsBC Canada Department of Computer Science Math Physics and Statistics University of British Columbia-Okanagan KelownaBC Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy West Virginia University MorgantownWV United States MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA United States Department of Physics Yale University New HavenCT United States Department of Astronomy Yale University New HavenCT United States Raman Research Institute Sadashivanagar Bengaluru India David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoON Canada Dunlap Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics University of Toronto TorontoON Canada

We present a beam pattern measurement of the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) made using the Sun as a calibration source. As CHIME is a pure drift scan instrument, we rely on the seasonal North-South motion of the Sun to probe the beam at different elevations. This semiannual range in elevation, combined with the radio brightness of the Sun, enables a beam measurement which spans ∼7,200 square degrees on the sky without the need to move the telescope. We take advantage of observations made near solar minimum to minimize the impact of solar variability, which is observed to be © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Calibration

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