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A fuzzy expert system-based adaptive learning approach to improving students’ learning performances by considering affective and cognitive factors

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Computers and education: Artificial Intelligence 2020年 1卷

作者： Hwang, Gwo-Jen Sung, Han-Yu Chang, Shao-Chen Huang, Xing-Ci Graduate Institute of Digital Learning and Education National Taiwan University of Science and Technology 43 Sec.4 Keelung Rd. Taipei106 Taiwan Department of Allied Health Education and Digital Learning National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences No.365 Ming-te Road Peitou District Taipei City Taiwan Department of International Bachelor Program in Informatics and the Department of Information Communication Yuan Ze University No. 135 Yuandong Rd. Zhongli Dist. Taoyuan City320 Taiwan

Scholars have indicated the importance of providing guidance and support for individual learners. In the past decades, most studies have developed adaptive learning systems to address this issue mainly based on students’ cognitive status, such as their learning achievements. However, several educators have pointed out the need to take learners’ affective status into account. Therefore, this study proposed an expert system approach by taking into account both the affective and cognitive status of individual learners. An adaptive learning system was implemented based on the proposed approach. In addition, an experiment was conducted in a fifth-grade Mathematics course to compare the learning performances and perceptions of the students who learned with the adaptive learning system with affective and cognitive status analysis, a cognitive-status-based adaptive learning system, and a conventional learning system. The ANCOVA results revealed that the adaptive learning model with the affective and cognitive performance analysis mechanism outperformed the other two approaches in terms of improving the students’ learning achievement (F = 3.12, p © 2020 The Author(s)

关键词： expert systems

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The magnetic field in quiescent star-forming filament G16.96+0.27

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gu, Qi-Lao Liu, Tie Shen, Zhi-Qiang Jiao, Sihan Montillaud, Julien Juvela, Mika Lu, Xing Lee, Chang Won Liu, Junhao Li, Pak Shing Liu, Xunchuan Johnstone, Doug Kwon, Woojin Kim, Kee-Tae Tatematsu, Ken’ichi Sanhueza, Patricio Ristorcelli, Isabelle Koch, Patrick Zhang, Qizhou Pattle, Kate Hirano, Naomi Alina, Dana Di Francesco, James Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences No.80 Nandan Road Xuhui Shanghai200030 China National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences A20 Datun Road Chaoyang Beijing100101 China Université de Franche-Comté CNRS Institut UTINAM OSU THETA BesançonF-25000 France Department of Physics University of Helsinki PO box 64 FI-00014 Finland Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute 776 Daedeokdae-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34055 Korea Republic of University of Science and Technology 217 Gajeong-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon34113 Korea Republic of National Astronomical Observatory of Japan 2-21-1 Osawa Tokyo Mitaka181-8588 Japan NRC Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics 5071 West Saanich Rd VictoriaBCV9E 2E7 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Victoria VictoriaBCV8P 5C2 Canada Department of Earth Science Education Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of The Center for Educational Research Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Nobeyama Radio Observatory National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences Nobeyama Minamimaki Minamisaku Nagano384-1305 Japan Astronomical Science Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Tokyo Mitaka181-8588 Japan IRAP Université de Toulouse CNRS 9 avenue du Colonel Roche BP 44346 Toulouse31028 Cedex 4 France Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Department of Physics School of Science and Technology Nazarbayev University Astana010000 Kazakhs

We present 850 µm thermal dust polarization observations with a resolution of 14.4′′(∼ 0.13 pc) towards an infrared dark cloud G16.96+0.27 using JCMT/POL-2. The average magnetic field orientation, which roughly agrees with the larger-scale magnetic field orientation traced by the Planck 353 GHz data, is approximately perpendicular to the filament structure. The estimated plane-of-sky magnetic field strength is ∼ 96 µG and ∼ 60 µG using two variants of the Davis-Chandrasekhar-Fermi methods. We calculate the virial and magnetic critical parameters to evaluate the relative importance of gravity, the magnetic field, and turbulence. The magnetic field and turbulence are both weaker than gravity, but magnetic fields and turbulence together are equal to gravity, suggesting that G16.96+0.27 is in a quasi-equilibrium state. The cloud-magnetic-field alignment is found to have a trend moving away from perpendicularity in the dense regions, which may serve as a tracer of potential fragmentation in such quiescent filaments. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Stars

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The ALMA Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in early Stages (ASHeS). X. Hot Gas Reveals Deeply embedded Star Formation

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Astrophysical Journal 2024年第2期963卷 163-163页

作者： Izumi, Natsuko Sanhueza, Patricio Koch, Patrick M. Lu, Xing Li, Shanghuo Sabatini, Giovanni Olguin, Fernando A. Zhang, Qizhou Nakamura, Fumitaka Tatematsu, Ken’ichi Morii, Kaho Sakai, Takeshi Tafoya, Daniel Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica No. 1 Section 2 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai 200030 China Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Konigstuhl 17 Heidelberg D-69117 Germany INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 Firenze I-50125 Italy Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street Cambridge 02138 MA United States Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory Onsala SE-439 92 Sweden

Massive infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are considered to host the earliest stages of high-mass star formation. In particular, 70 μm dark IRDCs are the colder and more quiescent clouds. At a scale of about 5000 au using formaldehyde (H₂CO) emission, we investigate the kinetic temperature of dense cores in 12 IRDCs obtained from the pilot Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Survey of 70 μm dark High-mass clumps in early Stages (ASHeS). Compared to the 1.3 mm dust continuum and other molecular lines, such as C¹⁸O and deuterated species, we find that H₂CO is mainly sensitive to low-velocity outflow components rather than to quiescent gas expected in the early phases of star formation. The kinetic temperatures of these components range from 26 to 300 K. The Mach number reaches about 15 with an average value of about 4, suggesting that the velocity distribution of gas traced by H₂CO is significantly influenced by a supersonic nonthermal component. In addition, we detect warm line emission from HC₃N and OCS in 14 protostellar cores, which requires high excitation temperatures (e _u/k ∼ 100 K). These results show that some of the embedded cores in the ASHeS fields are in an advanced evolutionary stage, previously unexpected for 70 μm dark IRDCs. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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The ALMA Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in early Stages (ASHeS). XI. Statistical Study of early Fragmentation

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Astrophysical Journal 2024年第2期966卷 171-171页

作者： Morii, Kaho Sanhueza, Patricio Zhang, Qizhou Nakamura, Fumitaka Li, Shanghuo Sabatini, Giovanni Olguin, Fernando A. Beuther, Henrik Tafoya, Daniel Izumi, Natsuko Tatematsu, Ken’ichi Sakai, Takeshi Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Astronomical Science Program Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street Cambridge 02138 MA United States Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Königstuhl 17 Heidelberg D-69117 Germany INAF-Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 Firenze I-50125 Italy Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 30013 Taiwan Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory Onsala 439 92 Sweden Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics 11F of AS/NTU Astronomy-Mathematics Building No.1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 10617 Taiwan Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo 182-8585 Japan

Fragmentation during the early stages of high-mass star formation is crucial for understanding the formation of high-mass clusters. We investigated fragmentation within 39 high-mass star-forming clumps as part of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array Survey of 70 μm Dark High-mass Clumps in early Stages (ASHeS) survey. Considering projection effects, we have estimated core separations for 839 cores identified from the continuum emission and found mean values between 0.08 and 0.32 pc within each clump. We find compatibility of the observed core separations and masses with the thermal Jeans length and mass, respectively. We also present subclump structures revealed by the 7 m array continuum emission. Comparison of the Jeans parameters using clump and subclump densities with the separation and masses of gravitationally bound cores suggests that they can be explained by clump fragmentation, implying the simultaneous formation of subclumps and cores within rather than a step-by-step hierarchical fragmentation. The number of cores in each clump positively correlates with the clump surface density and the number expected from the thermal Jeans fragmentation. We also find that the higher the fraction of protostellar cores, the larger the dynamic range of the core mass, implying that the cores are growing in mass as the clump evolves. The ASHeS sample exhibits various fragmentation patterns: aligned, scattered, clustered, and subclustered. Using the Q -parameter, which can help distinguish between centrally condensed and subclustered spatial core distributions, we finally find that in the early evolutionary stages of high-mass star formation, cores tend to follow a subclustered distribution. © 2024. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society.

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The ALMA Survey of 70 µm Dark High-mass Clumps in early Stages (ASHeS). X: Hot Gas Reveals Deeply embedded Star Formation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Izumi, Natsuko Sanhueza, Patricio Koch, Patrick M. Lu, Xing Li, Shanghuo Sabatini, Giovanni Olguin, Fernando A. Zhang, Qizhou Nakamura, Fumitaka Tatematsu, Ken'ichi Morii, Kaho Sakai, Takeshi Tafoya, Daniel Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics Academia Sinica No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan National Astronomical Observatory of Japan National Institutes of Natural Sciences 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Astronomical Science Program The Graduate University for Advanced Studies SOKENDAI 2-21-1 Osawa Mitaka Tokyo181-8588 Japan Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of Sciences 80 Nandan Road Shanghai200030 China Max Planck Institute for Astronomy Konigstuhl 17 HeidelbergD-69117 Germany INAF Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri Largo E. Fermi 5 FirenzeI-50125 Italy Institute of Astronomy National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu30013 Taiwan Center for Astrophysics |Harvard & Smithsonian 60 Garden Street CambridgeMA02138 United States Department of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Graduate School of Informatics and Engineering The University of Electro-Communications Chofu Tokyo182-8585 Japan Department of Space Earth and Environment Chalmers University of Technology Onsala Space Observatory OnsalaSE-439 92 Sweden

Massive infrared dark clouds (IRDCs) are considered to host the earliest stages of high-mass star formation. In particular, 70 µm dark IRDCs are the colder and more quiescent clouds. At a scale of about 5000 au using formaldehyde (H2CO) emission, we investigate the kinetic temperature of dense cores in 12 IRDCs obtained from the pilot ALMA Survey of 70 µm dark High-mass clumps in early Stages (ASHeS). Compared to 1.3 mm dust continuum and other molecular lines, such as C18O and deuterated species, we find that H2CO is mainly sensitive to low-velocity outflow components rather than to quiescent gas expected in the early phases of star formation. The kinetic temperatures of these components range from 26 to 300 K. The Mach number reaches about 15 with an average value of about 4, suggesting that the velocity distribution of gas traced by H2CO is significantly influenced by a supersonic non-thermal component. In addition, we detect warm line emission from HC3N and OCS in 14 protostellar cores, which requires high excitation temperatures (eu/k ∼ 100 K). These results show that some of the embedded cores in the ASHeS fields are in an advanced evolutionary stage, previously unexpected for 70 µm dark IRDCs. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Giant stars

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Development and Psychometric Testing of the Clinical Reasoning Scale Among Nursing Students enrolled in Three Types of programs in taiwan

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The journal of nursing research : JNR 2023年第2期31卷 e263页

作者： Hui-Man Huang Chu-Yu Huang Kuan-Chia Lin Chia-Hui Yu Su-Fen Cheng PhD RN Assistant Professor School of Nursing Tzu Chi University of Science and Technology Hualien Taiwan ROC. PhD RN Professor School of Nursing Cedarville University Ohio USA. PhD Professor National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Taipei Taiwan ROC. PhD RN Assistant Professor Mass Communication Center Chung Shan Medical University Hospital and School of Nursing Chung Shan Medical University Taichung City Taiwan ROC. PhD RN Professor Department of Health Allied Education and E-learning National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences Taipei Taiwan ROC.

BACKGROUND:There is no instrument currently available to assess the essential nursing competency of clinical reasoning (CR). PURPOSe:The purpose of this study was to develop and test the psychometric properties of CR assessment instrument appropriate for use with nursing students across different types of programs. MeTHODS:H. M. Huang et al.'s (2018) Framework of Competencies of Clinical Reasoning for Nursing Students was used to guide this study. Two rounds of Delphi study and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to test content and construct validity. Internal consistency was tested for reliability. ReSULTS:The four-domain, 16-item Likert-scale Clinical Reasoning Scale (CRS) was developed. One thousand five hundred four nursing students currently enrolled in three different types of nursing programs completed the CRS. The content validity index was .85-1.0, the CFA indicated goodness of fit, and the Cronbach's α score range was .78-.89. CONCLUSION:The CRS is a valid and reliable tool for assessing CR in nursing students in different types of nursing program.

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The SCUBA-2 Large eXtragalactic Survey: 850 μm map, catalogue and the bright-end number counts of the XMM-LSS field

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Garratt, T.K. Geach, J.e. Tamura, Y. Coppin, K.e.K. Franco, M. Ao, Y. Chen, C.-C. Cheng, C. Clements, D.L. Dai, Y.S. Dannerbauer, H. Greve, T.R. Hatsukade, B. Hwang, H.S. Jiang, L. Kohno, K. Koprowski, M.P. Michalowski, M.J. Sawicki, M. Scott, D. Shim, H. Takeuchi, T.T. Wang, W.-H. Xue, Y.Q. Yang, C. Centre for Astrophysics Research University of Hertfordshire HatfieldAL10 9AB United Kingdom Division of Particle and Astrophysical Science Nagoya University Aichi Nagoya464-8602 Japan Purple Mountain Observatory Key Laboratory for Radio Astronomy Chinese Academy of Sciences 10 Yuanhua Road Nanjing210023 China School of Astronomy and Space Science University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Academia Sinica Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics No. 1 Section 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei10617 Taiwan Chinese Academy of Sciences South America Center for Astronomy National Astronomical Observatories CAS Beijing100101 China Imperial College London Blackett Lab Prince Consort Road LondonSW7 2AZ United Kingdom National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of Sciences 20A Datun RoadChaoyang District Beijing100101 China Tenerife La LagunaE-38205 Spain Universidad de La Laguna Dpto. Astrofísica Tenerife La LagunaE-38206 Spain National Space Institute DTU Space Technical University of Denmark Elektrovej 327 Kgs. LyngbyDK-2800 Denmark Department of Physics and Astronomy University College London Gower Street LondonWC1E 6BT United Kingdom Institute of Astronomy Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo 2-21-1 Osawa Tokyo Mitaka181-0015 Japan Astronomy Program Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of SNU Astronomy Research Center Astronomy Program Seoul National University 1 Gwanak-ro Gwanak-gu Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics Peking University No. 5 Yiheyuan Road Haidian District Beijing100871 China Institute of Astronomy Faculty of Physics Astronomy and Informatics Nicolaus Copernicus University Grudziadzka 5 Torun87-100 Poland Astronomical Observatory Institute Faculty of Physics Adam Mickiewicz University ul. Sloneczna 36 Poznań60-286 Poland Department of Astronomy and P

We present 850 μm imaging of the XMM-LSS field observed for 170 hours as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope SCUBA-2 Large eXtragalactic Survey (S2LXS). S2LXS XMM-LSS maps an area of 9 deg2, reaching a moderate depth of 1σ 4 mJy beam−1. This is the largest contiguous area of extragalactic sky mapped by JCMT at 850 μm to date. The wide area of the S2LXS XMM-LSS survey allows us to probe the ultra-bright (S850μm & 15 mJy), yet rare submillimetre population. We present the S2LXS XMM-LSS catalogue, which comprises 40 sources detected at >5σ significance, with deboosted flux densities in the range of 7 mJy to 48 mJy. We robustly measure the bright-end of the 850 μm number counts at flux densities >7 mJy, reducing the Poisson errors compared to existing measurements. The S2LXS XMM-LSS observed number counts show the characteristic upturn at bright fluxes, expected to be motivated by local sources of submillimetre emission and high-redshift strongly lensed galaxies. We find that the observed 850 μm number counts are best reproduced by model predictions that include either strong lensing or source blending from a 15 arcsec beam, indicating that both may make an important contribution to the observed over-abundance of bright single dish 850 μm selected sources. We make the S2LXS XMM-LSS 850 μm map and >5σ catalogue presented here publicly available. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Blending

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Correction to: Species-level characterization of gut microbiota and their metabolic role in kidney stone formation using full-length 16S rRNA sequencing

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Urolithiasis 2024年第1期52卷 150页

作者： Bashir Hussain Chin-Chia Wu Hsin-Chi Tsai Jung-Sheng Chen Aslia Asif Ming-Chin Cheng Yeong-Chin Jou Bing-Mu Hsu Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences National Chung Cheng University Chiayi County Taiwan. Department of Biomedical Sciences National Chung Cheng University Chiayi County Taiwan. Division of Colorectal Surgery Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Chiayi County Taiwan. College of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan. School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan. Department of Psychiatry School of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan. Department of Psychiatry Tzu-Chi General Hospital Hualien Taiwan. Department of Medical Research E-Da Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung Taiwan. nicky071214@***. Doctoral Program in Science Technology Environment and Mathematics National Chung Cheng University Chiayi Taiwan. Department of Urology Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital Chiayi County Taiwan. Department of Urology St. Martin De Porres Hospital Chiayi County Taiwan. Department of Medical Research Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation Chiayi County Taiwan.

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24-Dehydrohippuristanol, a cytotoxic spiroketal steroid from Isis hippuris

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Tetrahedron Letters 2023年 123卷

作者： Yi-Qi Huang Amina M Illias Po-Jen Chen Su-Ying Chien Yueh-Hsiung Kuo Chou-Yuan Ko Chun-Feng Chang Zhi-Hong Wen Tsong-Long Hwang Ping-Jyun Sung Graduate Institute of Marine Biology National Dong Hwa University Pingtung 944401 Taiwan National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium Pingtung 944401 Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan 333423 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333323 Taiwan Clinical Immunology Laboratory Department of Medical Research E-Da Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung 824005 Taiwan Instrumentation Center National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources China Medical University Taichung 404333 Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung 413305 Taiwan Chinese Medical Research Center China Medical University Taichung 404333 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Kaohsiung 802301 Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Biotechnology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 804201 Taiwan Division of Urology Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Kaohsiung 802301 Taiwan Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 804201 Taiwan Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan 333324 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Natural Products College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333323 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung 404394 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Natural Products Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 242062 Taiwan

Chemical screening of a Formosan sea bamboo octocoral Isis hippuris have led to the isolation of nine spiroketal steroids, including a new metabolite, 24-dehydrohippuristanol ( 1 ), a new natural product, hippuristanol 11-one ( 2 ), as well as seven known analogs, hippuristanol ( 3 ), 22- epi -hippuristanol ( 4 ), hippurin-1 ( 5 ), 22- epi -hippurin-1 ( 6 ), 3-acetyl-22- epi -hippurin-1 ( 7 ), 3α-acetoxy-11β-hydroxy-24-methyl-22,25-epoxy-5α-furostan-18,20β-lactone ( 8 ) and (22 S )-3α-acetoxy-11β,18α-dihydroxy-24-methyl-18,20β;22,25-diepoxy-5α-furostane ( 9 ). The structures of steroids 1 – 9 were corroborated by 2D NMR experiments and comparison with literature data. The configurations of steroids 3 , 4 , 6 and 9 , obtained in previous studies, were reported for the first time in this study by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Steroid 1 exhibited cytotoxic effects against DLD-1 and LoVo cancer cells with IC 50 values of 5.54 and 6.89 μM, respectively.

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Corrigendum to “24-Dehydrohippuristanol, a cytotoxic spiroketal steroid from Isis hippuris ”[Tetrahedron Lett. 123 (2023) 154540]

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Tetrahedron Letters 2023年 124卷

作者： Yi-Qi Huang Amina M. Illias Po-Jen Chen Su-Ying Chien Yueh-Hsiung Kuo Chou-Yuan Ko Chun-Feng Chang Zhi-Hong Wen Tsong-Long Hwang Ping-Jyun Sung Graduate Institute of Marine Biology National Dong Hwa University Pingtung 944401 Taiwan National Museum of Marine Biology and Aquarium Pingtung 944401 Taiwan Department of Anesthesiology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Taoyuan 333423 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333323 Taiwan Clinical Immunology Laboratory Department of Medical Research E-Da Hospital I-Shou University Kaohsiung 824005 Taiwan Instrumentation Center National Taiwan University Taipei 106319 Taiwan Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources China Medical University Taichung 404333 Taiwan Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology Asia University Taichung 413305 Taiwan Chinese Medical Research Center China Medical University Taichung 404333 Taiwan Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal Medicine Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Kaohsiung 802301 Taiwan Institute of Medical Science and Biotechnology National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 804201 Taiwan Division of Urology Department of Surgery Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital Kaohsiung 802301 Taiwan Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources National Sun Yat-sen University Kaohsiung 804201 Taiwan Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine Graduate Institute of Healthy Industry Technology College of Human Ecology Chang Gung University of Science and Technology Taoyuan 333324 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Natural Products College of Medicine Chang Gung University Taoyuan 333323 Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering Ming Chi University of Technology New Taipei City 243303 Taiwan Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center China Medical University Hospital Taichung 404394 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Natural Products Kaohsiung Medical University Kaohsiung 807378 Taiwan Program in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Fu Jen Catholic University New Taipei City 242062 Taiwan

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