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Leveraging historical datasets to quantify the recovery of an impaired stream entering Yellowstone National Park

Discover Conservation 2025年第1期2卷 1-22页

作者： Ray, Andrew M. Yoder, Alysa M. Ertel, Brian D. Henderson, Tom H. Mebane, Christopher A. National Park Service Bozeman USA National Park Service Pecos USA Hydrologic Sciences Graduate Group Department of Land Air and Water Resources University of California Davis USA U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center Bend USA National Park Service Yellowstone Center for Resources Native Fish Conservation Program Yellowstone National Park USA Montana Department of Environmental Quality Abandoned Mine Lands Program Helena USA Boise USA

environmental impacts from surface mining can extend beyond the lifetime of mining operations, persist for decades prior to formal clean-up, and span multiple jurisdictional boundaries. Using a case study from Soda Butte Creek which enters Yellowstone National Park, we demonstrate how existing datasets and longitudinal studies can be integrated to document early stages of recovery following reclamation. Nearly three decades of previous studies provided a baseline for biological and water quality impairments from a former mill and tailings site. Direct comparisons of water quality data, macroinvertebrate community summaries, and fish abundance data from references reaches and common locations pre- and post-reclamation were used to quantify whether desired ecological benchmarks were met and characterize rates of recovery. Our results indicated that response times of water quality, macroinvertebrates, and fish to reclamation were relatively rapid and measured in years rather than decades. Specifically, concentrations of total metals below the former mill and tailings site were lower than pre-reclamation levels. Five years post reclamation (2015 to 2019), median total iron concentrations were just 3% of levels measured the decade (2000 to 2010) before reclamation began. Macroinvertebrate metrics (richness and abundance of sensitive groups) below the former mill and tailing sites were formerly a fraction of reference conditions. Post-reclamation, total taxa richness and stonefly abundance estimates at the formerly impaired site were equal to the mean multi-reach proportional estimates for other mainstem reference sites. Lessons learned from Soda Butte Creek could be used to inform and support other data-driven assessment work.

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THE ARCTIC

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Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 2024年第8期105卷 S277-S330页

作者： Druckenmiller, M.L. Thoman, R.L. Moon, T.A. National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado International Arctic Research Center University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska National Snow and Ice Data Center Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences University of Colorado Boulder Colorado Section for Glaciers Ice and Snow Norwegian Water Resources and Energy Directorate Oslo Norway School of Informatics Computing and Cyber Systems Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona Biospherical Instruments Inc. San Diego California Geophysical Institute University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska Plant Soils and Climate Department Utah State University Logan Utah Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim Norway FRAM – High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment Tromsø Norway Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) Copenhagen Denmark NOAA/NWS Alaska Region Anchorage Alaska Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium Anchorage Alaska Geological Survey of Canada Natural Resources Canada Ottawa Canada NOAA Chemical Sciences Laboratory Boulder Colorado Arctic Geophysics Department University Centre in Svalbard Longyearbyen Norway Geology Department University Centre in Svalbard Longyearben Norway Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques Météo-France/CNRS Toulouse France Climate Research Division Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Canada Norwegian Polar Institute Fram Centre Tromsø Norway Danish Meteorological Institute Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Canada Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia Department of Geographical Sciences University of Maryland College Park Maryland University of Liège Liège Belgium Environment and Climate Change Canada Toronto Canada Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center U.S. Geological Survey Bozeman Montana Arctic C

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Advancing methods for research on household water insecurity: Studying entitlements and capabilities, socio-cultural dynamics, and political processes, institutions and governance

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Water Security 2017年 2卷 1-10页

作者： Wutich, Amber Budds, Jessica Eichelberger, Laura Geere, Jo M. Harris, Leila A. Horney, Jennifer Jepson, Wendy Norman, Emma Pearson, Amber L. H. Shah, Sameer Shinn, Jamie Simpson, Karen Staddon, Chad Stoler, Justin Teodoro, Manuel P. L. Young, Sera School of Human Evolution & Social Change and Center for Global Health Arizona State University United States School of International Development University of East Anglia United Kingdom Department of Anthropology University of Texas at San Antonio United States School of Allied Health Professions University of East Anglia United Kingdom Institute for Resources Environment and Sustainability University of British Columbia Canada Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Texas A&M University United States Department of Geography Texas A&M University United States Native Environmental Science Program Northwest Indian College United States Department of Geography Environment and Spatial Sciences Michigan State University United States Department of Geology & Geography West Virginia University United States Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of West England Bristol United Kingdom Department of Geography and Regional Studies University of Miami United States Department of Political Science Texas A&M University United States Department of Anthropology Northwestern University United States

Household water insecurity has serious implications for the health, livelihoods and wellbeing of people around the world. Existing methods to assess the state of household water insecurity focus largely on water quality, quantity or adequacy, source or reliability, and affordability. These methods have significant advantages in terms of their simplicity and comparability, but are widely recognized to oversimplify and underestimate the global burden of household water insecurity. In contrast, a broader definition of household water insecurity should include entitlements and human capabilities, socio-cultural dynamics, and political institutions and processes. This paper proposes a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods that can be widely adopted across cultural, geographic, and demographic contexts to assess hard-to-measure dimensions of household water insecurity. In doing so, it critically evaluates existing methods for assessing household water insecurity and suggests ways in which methodological innovations advance a broader definition of household water insecurity. © 2017 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Ethnography Household water insecurity Measurement Methodological Methods Qualitative

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In My Opinion: Adaptive Management Experiments in Vertebrate Pest Control in New Zealand and Australia

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Wildlife Society Bulletin 2010年第1期34卷

作者： JOHN P. PARKES ALAN ROBLEY DAVID M. FORSYTH DAVID CHOQUENOT Landcare Research Lincoln 8152 New Zealand John Parkes(left) is a science program leader with Landcare Research (a government research agency in New Zealand). He received an MSc degree in zoology from Massey University New Zealand in 1972. He has conducted research projects on many of New Zealand's 31 species of introduced mammals that are managed as pests including feral goats red deer and wapiti feral pigs rodents mustelids hedgehogs and lagomorphs. He has a longstanding interest in eradication of introduced species from islands around New Zealand and in the Pacific Ocean including Lord Howe Niue and the Galapagos Islands particularly in developing feasibility plans and recently in using detection and search theories to monitor for survivors or immigrants after control. He has developed national pest management strategies for pest mammal species in New Zealand and Australia. In recent years he led the New Zealand research on the use of rabbit haemorrhagic disease as a biocontrol of rabbits and published on the benefits and costs of commercial harvesting of pest animals as a control method. He has published about 50 science papers 6 book chapters 1 book (on feral goats in Australia) and over 100 reports to science and management agencies. Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Department of Sustainability and Environment Heidelberg Victoria 3084 Australia Alan Robleygained his Ph.D. studying the interactions between European rabbits and burrowing bettongs in Western Australia. He is a senior scientist at the Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research Melbourne Australia specializing in quantitative vertebrate ecology with an emphasis on pest management. Alan has research interests in the interaction between feral rabbits and endangered native mammals the impact of fox predation on native species the application of adaptive management programs in biological conservation and the spatial dynamics of wild dogs in Australia. David (Dave) Forsythreceived his Ph.D. from Lincoln

Government conservation agencies in New Zealand and the Australian state of Victoria spend 20% and 4%, respectively, of their annual budgets to manage a small part of the problem caused by introduced mammals. Managers' uncertainty about the optimal strategies for applying pest control has led to major differences in management practices within the single pest control programs in both countries. Monitoring under a trial-and-error approach has not removed uncertainty but has led managers to support the application of adaptive management for their pest control. Control of brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in New Zealand and red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Victoria, Australia, is conducted over large areas in many operations, but individual managers apply different control regimes based on the perceived benefits and opportunity costs. We report on the processes used to set up the first adaptive management experiments in pest control in New Zealand or Australia that combine the competing models approach (used when only a single management regime can be applied at one time) with an experimental approach (made possible when different management regimes are applied simultaneously in different places) with the aim of elucidating benefits and costs of the different strategies used to control the 2 pests. (WILDLIFE SOCIETY BULLETIN 34(1):229–236; 2006)

关键词： adaptive management Australia brushtail possums red fox New Zealand pest control Trichosurus vulpecula Vulpes vulpes

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RUDDER ROLL STABILIZATION FOR COAST GUARD CUTTERS AND FRIGATES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1983年第3期95卷 267-282页

作者： BAITIS, E WOOLAVER, DA BECK, TA Dr. Erich Baitis: a native of Germany came to the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center in 1957 as a co-operative student/trainee and received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Physics from Virginia Polytechnic Institute. As a 32-year-old naval architect in 1971 he received both the VietnamHonorServiceMedaland the Navy'sMeritoriousCivilianServiceAwardfor his eight months as liaison with the Vietnamese NAVVS ferro-cement ship program. As head of the Seakeeping and Stabilization Group of the Surface Ship Dynamics Branch his work has led to the development of a new standard Ship Motion Computer Program and the application of ship motions to ship habitability operability and survivability problems. A major area of this work has been the ship/aircraft interface which is particularly sensitive to ship motions wind and other environmental factors. Mr. Dennis A. Woolaver:has been employed as a Naval Architect at the David W. Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center since 1965 where his work has resulted in numerous patents. He received his Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University where he also completed graduate work in Communication Theory. Additional fields of study include Computer Science and Personnel Management. Current efforts are directed toward surface ship motion mitigation data acquisition and statistical analysis. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. Lt. Tom A. Beck USCG: joined the UnitedStatesCoastGuardin 1966 where he trained as an Electronics Technician. He received a Bachelor of Science Degree in Electrical Engineering from Columbia University in 1978. From 1978 to 1979 he was an Electronics Project Officer at the CoastGuardElectronics Laboratory in Alexandria Virginia. Since 1980 he has been a Research and Development Project Officer in the Sensor Technology Branch of the CoastGuardsOffice of Research and Development. Lt. Beck is a member of the Institute of Electronic and Elect

The potential use of rudders as anti-roll devices has long been recognized. However, the possible interference of this secondary function of the rudder with its primary role as the steering mechanism has prevented, for many years, the development of practical rudder roll stabilizers. The practical feasibility of rudder roll stabilization has, however, in recent years been demonstrated by two systems designed and developed for operational evaluation aboard two different U.S. C oast G uard Cutters, i.e., Jarvis and Mellon of the 3,000-ton, 378-foot HAMILTON Class. The authors describe the major components of the rudder roll stabilization (RRS) system, along with the design goals and methodology as applied to these first two prototypes. In addition, a brief history of the hardware development is provided in order to show some of the lessons learned. The near flawless performance of the prototypes over the past four years of operational use in the North Pacific is documented. Results from various sea trials and reports of the ship operators are cited and discussed. The paper concludes with a discussion of the costs and benefits of roll stabilization achieved using both a modern anti-roll fin system, as well as two different performance level RRS systems. The benefits of roll stabilization are demonstrated by the relative expansion in the operational envelopes of the USS OLIVER HAZARD PERRY (FFG-7) Class. The varying levels of roll stabilization suggest that the merits of fins and RRS systems are strongly dependent on mission requirements and the environment. The demonstrated performance of the reliable RRS system offers the naval ship acquisition manager a good economical stabilization system.

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CONTROL OF SHIPBOARD WASTES

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1971年第3期83卷 118-&页

作者： KINNEY, ET CONSTANT, A Edward T. Kinney a native of Grand Rapids Michigan earned his Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Civil Engineering from Michigan State University in 1952. He began his career with the Bureau of Ships as a Naval Architect in the Hull Design Training Program in September 1952. Kinney has served as a Project Coordinator in the Machinery Systems Division and is currently Head of the Environmental Pollution Control Branch at the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He is a member of several committees including the Department of Defense Environmental Pollution Control Committee and the Interagency Committee on Vessel Pollution Standards. Alexander Constant graduated from Pennsylvania Military College in June 1960 with a B.S. in Civil Engineering. After two years with the U.S. Forest Services working as a Civil Sanitary Engineer designing recreational facilities Constant joined the Vermont Water Resources Department as a Project Engineer. For the past five years he has been associated with the Naval Ship Engineering Center Piping System Branch responsible for design and development of systems and equipment to abate and control shipboard generated waste. He is presently Acting Head of the Sewage and Waste Water Section of the Environmental Pollution Control Branch NavSec.

The Navy, as well as other Federal Agencies and the private sector, has a clear mandate to stop polluting the environment, Various sources of environmental pollution caused by the operation of naval ships are discussed and characterized by the following general categories: Sewage; Oil; Industrial; Combustion Products; and Other Mission Related Wastes. Existing procedures for controlling these pollutants and advanced concepts for more complete control are discussed. Currently a very small percentage of ships are equipped to control environmental pollution. Complete control of ship wastes will be very costly and technically challenging. The first steps to effect control have been taken but greater strides are required.

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THE NAVYS TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS IN WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT

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Naval Engineers Journal 1968年第5期80卷 795-801页

作者： SINGERMAN, HAROLD H. KINNEY, EDWARD T. Mr. H. H. Singerman is Head of the Fluid Processes Branch of the Annapolis Division of the Naval Ship Research and Development Center. A native of Massachusetts he has been at the Center since 1951. He has a B.S. in Chemical Engineering from Northeastern University and is a degree candidate for Master of Public Administration (Technology of Management) at the American University. His group is responsible for Research and Development in such diverse fields as life support in nuclear submarines analytical chemistry water treatment and control and shipboard sewage systems. He is a member of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Mr. E. T. Kinney a native of Grand Rapids Michigan earned his Bachelor of Science degree with honors in Civil Engineering from Michigan State University in 1952. After a brief stint as an assistant county engineer in Michigan he began his career with the Bureau of Ships as a Naval Architect in the Hull Design Training Program in September 1952. Mr. Kinney is currently a Project Coordinator in the Propulsion Power and Auxiliary Systems Division (SEC 6151) of NAVSEC where he is responsible for auxiliary and landing ships deep submersible vehicles and the NAVSEC Environmental Pollution Control Program. He is a member of the board of directors of the Federal Conference of Sanitary Engineers Panel M-17 of SNAME and Tau Beta Pi Engineering Honor Society.

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