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Evaluation of the performance of WRF9km in simulating climate over the upper Yellow River Basin

Advances in Climate Change research 2025年第1期16卷 58-72页

作者： Yi-Jia LI Xue-Jia WANG Xiao-Hua GOU Qi WANG Tinghai OU Guo-Jin PANG Mei-Xue YANG Lan-Ya LIU Li-Ya QIE Tao WANG Jia-Yu WANG Si-Hao WEI Xiao-Lai CHENG Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems(Ministry of Education) College of Earth and Environmental SciencesLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Gansu Liancheng Forest Ecosystem Field Observation and Research Station Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730333China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Faculty of Geomatics Lanzhou Jiaotong UniversityLanzhou 730070China Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science and Frozen Soil Engineering Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and ResourcesChinese Academy of SciencesLanzhou 730000China School of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

Understanding the current climate in the Yellow River Basin is essential for accurately predicting future climate change and assessing its impacts on water resources and ecosystems;however,existing models exhibit notable biases in this region,primarily due to low resolution and errors in driving data and model *** in-situ station observation data,CN05.1 gridded meteorological observation dataset,along with the ERA5 and MERRA2 reanalysis datasets,the performance of the WRF9km in simulating temperature and precipitation from 1980 to 2016 was comprehensively *** indicate that the WRF9km model effectively captures the spatial pattern of air temperature,with a spatial correlation exceeding 0.86(at the 95%confidence level)and a cold bias of−2.8℃compared to *** bias is primarily due to the underestimation of downward radiation and the overestimation of surface ***,the WRF9km model fails to reproduce the observed warming trend across the entire region,especially during the *** precipitation,the WRF9km model generally reproduces the observed spatial pattern,with spatial correlation coefficients above 0.80 for all seasons except winter(at the 95%confidence level).However,the model overestimates precipitation relative to CN05.1 and underestimates it when compared to *** precipitation bias is mainly attributed to the misrepresentation of wind fields and moisture by the WRF9km *** precipitation trends,different datasets yield divergent results,indicating substantial inter-annual variability that is difficult for the WRF9km to *** to the driving ERA5 data,the WRF9km model reduces cold biases between November and December,as well as wet biases across all *** model also better simulates the winter warming trend in the western part of the UYRB and the summer wetting trend in the northern *** evaluation of the WRF9km model provides valuable insights for the development of dynamical downscal

关键词： WRF Climate change Upper Yellow River Basin Air temperature Precipitation

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Active layer thermal regime varies across landforms in a subarctic wetland

FACETS

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FACETS 2025年 10卷 1-14页

作者： Gillian Muir Glen S. Brown Kapillesh Balasubramaniam Baoxin Hu Environmental and Life Sciences Program 6515Trent University Peterborough ON Canada Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Peterborough ON Canada Wildlife Research & Monitoring Section 6514Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources Peterborough ON Canada Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering 7991York University Toronto ON Canada

The fine-scale controls of active layer dynamics remain poorly understood, particularly at the southern boundary of continuous permafrost. We examined how environmental conditions associated with upland tundra heath, open graminoid fen, and palsa/peat plateau landforms affected active layer thermal regime (timing, magnitude, and rate of thaw) in a subarctic peatland in the Hudson Bay Lowlands, Canada. A significant increase in active layer thaw depth was evident between 2012 and 2024. Within-season thaw patterns differed among landforms, with tundra heath exhibiting the highest thaw rates and soil temperatures, succeeded by fen and palsa. Air temperature mediated by soil properties, topography, and vegetation affected thaw patterns. The increased thermal conductivity of gravel/sandy tundra heath soils exerted a more pronounced influence on thaw patterns relative to fens and palsas, both of which had a thicker organic layer. Near-surface soil moisture was the lowest in tundra, followed by palsas, and fens. Increased soil moisture impeded active layer thaw, likely due to a combination of soil surface evaporation and meltwater percolation. These findings elucidate the relationship between the biophysical properties of landform features and climate, revealing their role in influencing active layer thaw patterns in a subarctic ecosystem.

关键词： permafrost subarctic Hudson Bay Lowlands climate change soil thermal regime

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Regular Consumption of Black Tea Kombucha Modulates the Gut Microbiota in Individuals with and without Obesity

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Journal of Nutrition 2025年第5期155卷 1331-1349页

作者： Costa, Mirian Aparecida de Campos da Silva Duarte, Vinícius Fraiz, Gabriela Macedo Cardoso, Rodrigo Rezende da Silva, Alessandra Martino, Hércia Stampini Duarte Ferreira, Mariana Simões Larraz Corich, Viviana Hamaker, Bruce R Giacomini, Alessio Bressan, Josefina Barros, Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de Bioactive Compounds and Carbohydrates (BIOCARB) Research Group Department of Food Science and Technology Universidade Federal de Viçosa MG Viçosa Brazil Whistler Center for Carbohydrate Research Department of Food Science Purdue University West Lafayette IN United States Faculty of Chemistry Biotechnology and Food Science The Norwegian University of Life Sciences Ås Norway Department of Nutrition and Health Universidade Federal de Viçosa MG Viçosa Brazil Department of Nutrition Food Science and Physiology Center for Nutrition Research Universidad de Navarra Pamplona Spain Public Health Epidemiology Graduate Program Environmental and Health Education Laboratory Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ) RJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Laboratory of Bioactives Food and Nutrition Graduate Program Federal University of State of Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO RJ Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment Università degli Studi di Padova Legnaro PD Padova Italy

Background: Kombucha, a fermented beverage obtained from a Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast, has shown potential in modulating gut microbiota, although no clinical trials have been done. Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effects of regular black tea kombucha consumption on intestinal health in individuals with and without obesity. Methods: A pre-post clinical intervention study was conducted lasting 8 wk. Forty-six participants were allocated into 2 groups: normal weight + black tea kombucha (n = 23);and obese + black tea kombucha (n = 23). Blood, urine, and stool samples were collected at baseline (T0) and after 8 wk of intervention (T8). Results: A total of 145 phenolic compounds were identified in the kombucha, primarily flavonoids (81%) and phenolic acids (19%). Kombucha favored commensal bacteria such as Bacteroidota and Akkermanciaceae, especially in the obese group. Subdoligranulum, a butyrate producer, also increased in the obese group after kombucha consumption (P = 0.031). Obesity-associated genera Ruminococcus and Dorea were elevated in the obese group at baseline (P < 0.05) and reduced after kombucha consumption, becoming similar to the normal weight group (Ruminococcus: obese T8 × normal weight T8: P = 0.27;Dorea: obese T8 × normal weight T0: P = 0.57;obese T8 × normal weight T8: P = 0.32). Fungal diversity increased, with a greater abundance of Saccharomyces in both groups and reductions in Exophiala and Rhodotorula, particularly in the obese group. Pichia and Dekkera, key microorganisms in kombucha, were identified as biomarkers after the intervention. Conclusions: Regular kombucha consumption positively influenced gut microbiota in both normal and obese groups, with more pronounced effects in the obese group, suggesting that it may be especially beneficial for those individuals. This trial was registered at Brazilian Clinical Trial Registry – ReBEC as UTN code U1111-1263-9550 (https://***/rg/RBR-9832wsx). © 2024 The Autho

关键词： bioactive compounds Camellia sinensis intestinal permeability polyphenols zonulin

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Local considerations are the key to managing global forests for water

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science Bulletin 2025年第4期70卷 448-451页

作者： Xiaohua Wei Julia Jones Yiping Hou Shirong Liu Heidi Asbjornsen Zhiqiang Zhang Nadeem Shah Yanhui Wang Mingfang Zhang Irena Creed Ge Sun Antonio del Campo Kyoichi Otsuki Lu Zhang Department of Earth Environmental and Geographic SciencesUniversity of British Columbia(Okanagan)KelownaV1V 1V7Canada College of Earth OceanAtmospheric ScienceOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute Chinese Academy of ForestryBeijing 100091China Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New HampshireDurhamNH 03824USA College of Soil and Water Conservation Beijing Forestry UniversityBeijing 100083China Forest Research Northern Research StationRoslinEH259SYUK School of Resources and Environment University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China h Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences University of TorontoTorontoM1C 1A4Canada Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment Center Southern Research StationUSDA Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkAshevilleNC 27709USA Research Group in Forest Science and Technology(Re-ForeST) Universitat Politecnica de ValenciaValenciaE-46022Spain Kasuya Research Forest Kyushu UniversityFukuoka811-2415Japan State Key Laboratory of Water Resources Engineering and Management Wuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China

Globally,forests play a critical role in regulating the hydrological cycle,supplying water to ecosystems and ***,both forests and this cycle are undergoing rapid changes[1],[2].Future states of forests and the associated hydrological cycle remain highly uncertain,influenced by altered disturbance regimes such as increasingly frequent and severe wildfires,droughts,and hurricanes,as well as gradual changes such as sea level rise,warming temperatures,and shifts in the amount,seasonal pattern,and form of precipitation[3].Human activities in forested areas compound these changes,potentially intensifying extreme events,such as floods and droughts[1],[2].Consequently,there is an urgent need to manage global forests for ensuring water provision while minimizing associated risks[4].Yet,it remains unclear how the insights from a century of forest-water research can be applied in these emerging contexts.

关键词： forest floods forests

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Current status, challenges, and opportunities for sustainable crop production in Xinjiang

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iscience 2025年第4期28卷

作者： Zhao, Xiaofeng Zhu, Annah Lake Liu, Xiaohuang Li, Hongyu Tao, Haoyang Guo, Xiaoxia Liu, Jiufen Comprehensive Survey Command Center for Natural Resources China Geological Survey Beijing 100055 China School of Earth Science and Resources China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing 100083 China Key Laboratory of Coupling Process and Effect of Natural Resources Elements Beijing 100055 China Environmental Policy Group Wageningen University and Research Hollandseweg 1 Wageningen 6706 KN Netherlands College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China College of Forestry Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 China Technology Innovation Center for Analysis and Detection of the Elemental Speciation and Emerging Contaminants China Geological Survey Kunming 650100 China

Xinjiang is China's largest cotton and grape production base, but faces challenges like water scarcity, overuse of fertilizer and mulching films, and low resource use efficiency. This review summarizes crop production in Xinjiang from 2000 to 2020, including geography, climate, sowing structure, yield variations, and barriers to sustainable management. Based on our review, we identify potential technical solutions (i.e., precise irrigation and fertilization, organic fertilizer substitution, mulching film management, and suitability evaluation of arable lands) and policy support (i.e., national plans, laws, and financial support) required to overcome these barriers. Overall, the sustainable transformation of crop production in Xinjiang is a challenging yet promising endeavor. Implementing judicious to make full use of water, heat, and nutrition resources have great potential for achieving the synergies between high yield, resource utilization efficiency, and environmental benefits. The findings also have global implications for other regions dominated by arid and oasis agriculture. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： Agricultural science environmental management Relation between agriculture and environment

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Assessing Pan-Canada wildfire susceptibility by integrating satellite data with novel hybrid deep learning and black widow optimizer algorithms

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science of the Total Environment 2025年 977卷 179369页

作者： Khosravi, Khabat Mosallanejad, Ashkan Bateni, Sayed M. Kim, Dongkyun Jun, Changhyun Shahvaran, Ali Reza Farooque, Aitazaz A. Karbasi, Massoud Ali, Mumtaz Department of Natural Resources College of Agriculture and Natural Resources Razi University Kermanshah Iran School of Climate Change and Adaptation University of Prince Edward Island CharlottetownPE Canada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Department of Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering and Water Resources Research Center University of Hawaii at Manoa HonoluluHI United States UNESCO-UNISA Africa Chair in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology College of Graduates Studies University of South Africa Muckleneuk Ridge Pretoria392 South Africa Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Hongik University Seoul Korea Republic of School of Civil Environmental and Architectural Engineering College of Engineering Korea University Seoul Korea Republic of Ecohydrology Research Group Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Waterloo Waterloo Canada Canadian Center for Climate Change and Adaptation University of Prince Edward Island St Peters Bay PE Canada Faculty of Sustainable Design Engineering University of Prince Edward Island CharlottetownPE Canada UniSQ College University of Southern Queensland Springfield Campus QLD4301 Australia

In light of the rising frequency of severe wildfires and their widespread socio-ecological impacts, it is essential to develop cost-effective and reliable methods for accurately predicting and mapping wildfire occurrences. This study aimed to develop several novel deep-learning models to determine the probability of wildfire occurrence on a national scale in Canada by integrating remote sensing data, deep learning, and metaheuristic algorithms. In the present study, novel standalone long short-term memory (LSTM), recurrent neural network (RNN), bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), and bidirectional RNN (BiRNN) models were developed, and these were hybridized with a black widow optimizer (BWO). To train and test the models, 4240 historical (2014–2023) large wildfire locations were collected across Canada. Fourteen wildfire-related predictors were used to map wildfire susceptibility, with the Gini coefficient determining each predictor's importance in wildfire occurrence. Finally, the developed models were evaluated and tested using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and other statistical error metrics. During the testing stage, the hybrid BiLSTM-BWO model outperformed the other models (AUC = 0.9686), followed by RNN-BWO (AUC = 0.9683), LSTM-BWO (AUC = 0.9672), BiRNN-BWO (AUC = 0.9643), BiLSTM (AUC = 0.9420), LSTM (AUC = 0.9367), BiRNN (AUC = 0.9247) and RNN (AUC = 0.8737). Based on the BiLSTM-BWO model, 19.7 %, 42.6 %, 13.4 %, 14.5 %, and 9.8 % of Canada was classified as having very low, low, moderate, high, and very high susceptibility to future wildfires, respectively. Saskatchewan, Manitoba, British Columbia and Alberta were among the provinces with large areas of very high susceptibility to wildfires, while Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland and Labrador from Atlantic Canada had the lowest probability of wildfire occurrence. According to the Gini coefficient, windspeed, land use and land cover, precipitation, specific humidity and maxim

关键词： Long short-term memory

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Wildlife hunting and the increased risk of leprosy transmission in the tropical Americas: a pathogeographical study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2025年第1期14卷 1-14页

作者： Aliaga-Samanez, Alisa Deps, Patricia D. Fa, Julia E. Real, Raimundo Guégan, Jean-François Oliveira, Marcela A. Pessutti, Aline Knoop, Simon Bogoni, Juliano A. Morcatty, Thais Q. Marques, Roberta Jiménez-García, Daniel Massocato, Gabriel F. Desbiez, Arnaud L. Kluyber, Danilo El Bizri, Hani R. Group of Biogeography Diversity and Conservation Department of Animal Biology Faculty of Sciences University of Malaga Malaga Spain MIVEGEC (UMR University of Montpellier CNRS IRD) Montpellier France Department of Social Medicine Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases Federal University of Espírito Santo Vitória Brazil Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Bogor Indonesia Department of Natural Science Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester United Kingdom Natural Sciences and Environment Hub University of Gibraltar Gibraltar Gibraltar Institute of Biotechnology and Blue Development (IBYDA) University of Malaga Malaga Spain Research Network On Diversity Conservation and Use of Wildlife in Amazonia (RedeFauna) Manaus Brazil Postraduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources Federal University of Rondônia Rondônia Porto Velho Brazil Department of Biology University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Sainsbury Wellcome Centre University College London London United Kingdom Living Gaia E.V. Berlin Germany Postgraduate Program in Environmental Sciences Limnology Biodiversity and Ethnobiology Research Center of Pantanal Mammalogy Laboratory State University of Mato Grosso MT Cáceres Brazil Department of Geography University College London London United Kingdom Oxford Wildlife Trade Research Group Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences Oxford Brookes University Oxford United Kingdom Biodiversity Laboratory Agroecology and Environment Center Institute of Sciences Benemérita Autonomous University of Puebla Puebla Mexico Wildlife Conservation Institute (ICAS) Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil Houston Zoo Houston TX United States Institute for Ecological Research (IPÊ) Nazaré Paulista Brazil RZSS The Royal Zoological Society of Scotland Edinburgh United Kingdom Faculty of Medicine University of São Paulo São Paulo Brazil Research Group on Terrestrial Vertebrate Ecology Mamirauá Sustainable Development Institu

Background: Leprosy remains a persistent public health challenge, where human-to-human transmission of Mycobacterium leprae via respiratory droplets is well established. In the tropical Americas, growing evidence implicates armadillos as important zoonotic reservoirs, particularly through direct contact during hunting and handling. However, such transmission has so far been considered rare and highly localised. This study provides a comprehensive spatial analysis of the role of armadillo hunting in human leprosy transmission, quantifying its contribution to disease prevalence and identifying geographic hotspots where interventions could be most effective. Methods: Using Brazil’s 326,001 reported leprosy cases from 2013 to 2022, we applied a pathogeographical approach to explore transmission dynamics. We compiled data on 554 hunted armadillos across 175 municipalities and M. leprae prevalence in 376 armadillo individuals from 97 municipalities (mean prevalence = 38.5%). These were used to build spatial models assessing hunting-related infection risk and integrated as a variable into a generalised linear model alongside socioeconomic, climatic, and environmental predictors to evaluate their effects on human leprosy prevalence. Results: Key predictors of armadillo hunting included higher population density (P < 0.001) and firearm availability (P < 0.01). Infection in armadillos was negatively correlated with native habitat coverage (coefficient: − 2.28;P < 0.001), suggesting that environmental degradation can amplify infection risk. The armadillo-hunting infection risk variable—generated by combining armadillo hunting and infection favourability models—emerged as the second strongest predictor of human leprosy prevalence (coefficient: 1.69;P < 0.001), accounting for ~ 25% of cases nationally and around 40% in deforestation hotspots. Additional positive predictors included greater precipitation seasonality (coefficient: 0.82;P < 0.001) and malnutrition (coefficient: 0.0

关键词： Armadillo Disease ecology Human-animal interaction Mycobacterium leprae Pathogeography Zoonotic diseases

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Dry-season sources of riverine sediment from the tropical mixed urban-agricultural watershed of the Mun River Basin in northeastern Thailand

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International Journal of Sediment research 2023年第2期38卷 240-252页

作者： Arika Bridhikitti Thayukorn Prabamroong Gaohuan Liu Environmental Engineering and Disaster Management Program School of Interdisciplinary Studies Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Earth Science Research Center Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies Mahasarakham University State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences

Northeastern(NE) Thailand is well recognized as the land for rice cropping and consequently, it is potentially contaminated with chemicals from soil fertilization, pest/weed control, and urban *** Mun River basin in NE Thailand principally is comprised of rice paddies and sedimentation in the river has been pronounced, but the studies on sediment source identification are limited. The current study aims to identify sediment sources in the Mun River basin and discuss possible impacts on ecosystems attributed to exposure to polluted sediment. The assessment relies upon physicochemical properties and heavy metal contents(iron(Fe), manganese(Mn), copper(Cu), chromium(Cr), nickel(Ni),and Zinc(Zn)) in the fine-grained sediment(<63 μm) taken from the Mun River basin and the Chi River in the dry season of 2020-2021. The findings revealed that the heavy metals in the sediment had not accumulated to levels of concern. Most sediment was from natural sources, including Fe-and Mn-rich sediment, Cr-dominant sediment, and Ni-and Cu-rich sediment. Fe-and Zn-rich sediment was, however, found in the urban watershed of Lam Ta Klong, and it could originate from mixed urban sources. Ferich sediment was predominant in the Mun River basin, which and could be a significant sink and source of toxic elements from agricultural and urban discharges. It is suggested that the toxic compounds in the sediment should be consistently monitored, whereas ecological and health risk assessment should be focused on the mobile forms.

关键词： Sediment Heavy metals Mun River Lower Mekong River Agriculture

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Social vulnerability: A driving force in amplifying the overall vulnerability of protected areas to natural hazards

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Heliyon 2025年第4期11卷 e42617页

作者： Pirasteh, Saied Mafi-Gholami, Davood Li, Huxiong Wang, Tao Zenner, Eric K. Nouri-Kamari, Akram Frazier, Tim G. Ghaffarian, Saman Institute of Artificial Intelligence Shaoxing University 508 West Huancheng Road Yuecheng District Zhejiang Province Shaoxing 312000 China Department of Geotechnics and Geomatics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Tamilnadu Chennai India Department of Forest Sciences Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences Shahrekord University Shahrekord *** Iran Metrology Research Group Quality Assessment and Management Systems Research Center Standard Research Institute PO Box 31585-163 Alborz Karaj Iran Department of Ecosystem Science and Management The Pennsylvania State University Forest Resources Building University Park 16802 PA United States Department of Geography Education Farhangian University Tehran Iran Emergency and Disaster Management Program School of Continuing Studies (SCS) Georgetown University Washington DC United States Institute for Risk and Disaster Reduction University College London United Kingdom

Incorporating social vulnerability (SoV) into vulnerability assessments for protected areas provides critical insights for enhancing the resilience and adaptability of these regions to environmental hazards. This study aimed to develop and apply an integrated social-ecological vulnerability assessment framework for a forest-protected area, focusing on scales relevant to management decisions. We collected data from 70 villages within the protected area through structured surveys, interviews, and reviews of secondary socio-economic and environmental datasets. A total of 24 socio-economic and environmental indicators were selected, based on expert consultation and literature review, to quantify the indices of exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and SoV. These indicators were weighted using the Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to ensure objective and expert-driven prioritization. Subsequently, the SoV index, derived from socio-economic metrics, was incorporated as a key variable in the exposure assessment. This integration involved 18 additional ecological indicators measured across a spatial grid, enabling a fine-scale analysis of the protected area's exposure, sensitivity, adaptive capacity, and overall vulnerability. Integrating social and ecological dimensions allowed for a spatially explicit evaluation of vulnerability at the grid-cell level, providing granular insights for localized management interventions. The results revealed that SoV significantly influenced the levels of exposure and overall vulnerability across the study area. High SoV values corresponded to areas with elevated overall vulnerability, emphasizing the interplay between social conditions and ecological risks. To enhance resilience in the medium and long term, the study recommends shifting investments toward active community engagement in conservation planning, increasing environmental awareness through education programs, and improving the socio-economic well-being of local commu

关键词： environmental hazard resilience FAHP Integrated social-ecological framework and vulnerability assessment Protected area management Spatial pattern

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Measuring community sustainability: Exploring the intersection of the built environment & social capital with a participatory case study

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Journal of environmental Studies and sciences 2012年第2期2卷 143-153页

作者： Rogers, Shannon Aytur, Semra Gardner, Kevin Carlson, Cynthia Natural Resources and Earth Systems Science Program and Environmental Research Group University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 United States Health Management and Policy Department University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 United States Civil Engineering Department and Environmental Research Group University of New Hampshire Durham NH 03824 United States

Municipalities all over the globe seek to evaluate the sustainability of their communities and this process requires an interdisciplinary perspective. Walkability and social capital are important measures of sustainable communities that are not necessarily considered together in measurement schemes. Through a community-based case study, the following article examines the relationship between select measures of social capital and self-perceived walkability. Descriptive statistics demonstrated that higher levels of social capital existed in more walkable communities. More sophisticated analysis further supported this association. A community index was created from responses to questions about participating in civic engagement activities such as donating blood, attending a committee meeting or public hearing, interacting with individuals in various neighborhoods, and contributing to a community project. A trust index was also created with answers to survey questions about general trust and trust of neighbors and other members of communities. Multilevel models demonstrated that higher levels of walkability were associated with higher levels of participation in community activities, even after controlling for socio-demographic factors. Similar patterns were found for the trust index where higher levels of walkability were positively associated with positive responses to a variety of trust questions. Implications for sustainable communities policy and management are suggested. © 2012 AESS.

关键词： Multilevel modeling Social capital Sustainable communities Walkability

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