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CAD CAM GOES TO SEA - THE SAAR-5 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第3期104卷 148-155页

作者： LINDGREN, JR SOLITARIO, WA MOORE, AP STREIFF, MA John R. Lindgren Jr:. is vice president for engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. a Division of Litton Industries in Pascagoula Miss. He joined Ingalls in 1958 and has held various positions in the Engineering Division and participated in the design of numerous merchant ships drill rigs submarines and surface combatants and auxiliary support ships. Mr. Lindgren is a 1958 graduate of the University of Southwest Louisiana. His degree is in mechanical engineering and he is also a licensed professional engineer. William A. Solitario:is the director of advanced technology at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. in Pascagoula Miss. He received his B.S. degree in chemical engineering from the City University of New York and has 28 years experience in marine engineering and design. His current responsibilities include the direction of Ingalls' IRAD programs and several Navy-funded R&D programs to improve ship's performance and reduce ship's operating costs. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and past chairman of the Gulf Section East Area. Arnold P. Moore:is the director design engineering at Ingalls Shipbuilding where he is responsible for all new construction design and engineering activities. Prior to promotion to his current position Mr. Moore served as chief naval architect at Ingalls. He has 24 years experience in ship design construction and repair. Mr. Moore holds the professional degree of ocean engineer as well as a master's degree in naval architecture and marine engineering from MIT. He also earned a bachelor's degree in naval science from the U.S. Naval Academy and is a registered professional engineer. Mr. Moore served as an engineering duty officer in the U.S. Navy and is currently a captain in the Naval Reserve. He is a past chairman of the Gulf Section of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and a member of the American Society of Naval Engineers and Sigma Xi. Michel A. Streiff:is the manager of CAD/CAM applications at Ingalls Shipbuilding Inc. His

The SA'AR-5 Corvette program is the first major warship construction to be entirely accomplished using a 3-dimensional, interference checked computer based design. This paper discusses the organization and approach used to create the design models which form the basis for interference checking as well as the source of extracted production data. The design or product model is the nucleus of the computer data base that defines the configuration of the entire ship. The data base includes geometry, weight, and material, as well as production control data. The ability of the computer to link such diverse information is the key to maintaining configuration control during the course of the design and construction. The ease with which formatted manufacturing data (both N.C. fabrication and installation) can be extracted enables the preparation of detailed packages containing the desired geometry as well as the associated material and sequencing data, thus assuring the producibility of the design. The SA'AR-5 design is CAD/CAM's state of the art in U.S. shipbuilding.

关键词： Warships

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IMPROVING THE SHIP DESIGN, ACQUISITION AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第2期104卷 39-57页

作者： RYAN, JC JONS, OP J. Christopher Ryan:earned his bachelor's and master's degrees in Naval Architecture from Webb Institute and MIT respectively. He spent three years at the Advanced Marine Technology Division of Litton Industries working on the DD-963 class ship design and related computer aided design projects. he subsequently went to the Navy Department concentrating on early stage design of surface combatants for 12 years including work on the FFG-7 Sea Control Ship CSGN and CVV aircraft carrier projects. He then shifted focus and became the technical director for the Computer Supported Design Program in NavSea for five years. Mr. Ryan has served in several supervisory positions within the Ship Design Group in NavSea since that time. He is currently the project manager for the Ship Design Acquisition and Construction Process Improvement Project. Otto P. Jons:received a Diplom Ing. in shipbuilding from the Technical University of Hannover W. Germany and an M.S. in naval architecture and marine engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1967. He then joined Litton Ship Systems where he was responsible for the preliminary design of the DD-963 hull structure and then for ship systems as manager LHA Ship Systems Engineering Department. From 1972 to 1974 he was principal research scientist at Hydronautics. In 1976 as technical director he helped establish the local office of Designers and Planners. Otto Jons was one of the co-founders of Advanced Marine Enterprises Inc. in 1976 where he is corporate vice president engineering.

In the spring of 1990, the NavSea Chief Engineer initiated a project to improve the design, acquisition and construction (DAC) of U.S. Navy ships. The project's objectives are to reduce the time and cost of acquiring and operating Navy ships while improving their quality, unlike previous studies on the subject, the project utilizes a rigorous process analysis approach and attempts to use quantitative measures as the basis for recommending improvements. The paper is, of necessity, a status report on the progress of this project. Topics covered include: the DAC process;a look at the current state of ship acquisition time, cost, and quality;the methodology for process improvements;and early findings.

关键词： naval Vessels

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DAMAGE CONTROL - THE LAST LINE OF SHIPBOARD DEFENSE

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第1期104卷 63-79页

作者： HERMAN, S LOESER, CT Stanley Hermanis the acting director of the Ship Survivability Subgroup (Sea 55X) at the Naval Sea Systems Command. He received a BSME from Northeastern University in 1966 and a MSME from Northeastern in 1970. In 1978 he completed requirements for a Certificate in Acoustics at Catholic University and in 1989 he completed the Program Management Course at the Department of Defense Systems Management College. He is a registered professional engineer in Washington D.C. a certified NavSea Material Professional and a member of ASME ASE and SNAME. Mr. Herman began his career with the Navy Department immediately after high school working as a student trainee (marine engineer) at the Boston Naval Shipyard until 1966. Upon obtaining his BSME he served as a project engineer in the Noise Shock and Vibration Group at the Boston Naval Shipyard and was responsible for conducting and directing shipyard and at-sea testing and evaluation of components systems and structure for surface combatant and auxiliary naval craft. In 1974 he transferred to the Naval Sea Systems Command where he was the coordinator of survivability and detection for the SSBN Trident submarine acquisition project manager PMS 396. He was responsible for directing efforts to enhance the acoustical silencing underwater explosion shock protection and shipboard vibration control for this latest class of strategic missile submarines. From 1982 to 1986 Mr. Herman was assigned as head of the Submarine Protection branch Sea 55X11 where he was responsible for directing submarine shock hardening programs. From 1986 to 1991 he served as division director for damage control Systems Safety Personnel Protection and CBR Defense Sea 55X2. In 1991 he assumed his present position of acting director Ship Survivability Subgroup Sea 55X. Christopher T. Loeseris currently acting director of the Damage Control and Ship Design Systems Safety Division at the Naval Sea Systems Command. The division is responsible for lifecycle management of damage control chemical

This paper addresses the ship, system and equipment design features, operational doctrine and training that has been developed to provide effective shipboard damage control. Both the ship and the sailor are addressed, since both are integral and interdependent components of the damage control "system." Also, the enhancements afforded to protection of personnel from the effects of conventional and nonconventional weapons are discussed. Finally, a brief look into the future is presented. With the shrinking defense budget and corresponding reduction in fleet size and ship manning, novel system designs and automated decision aids will be required to do the job.

关键词： naval Vessels

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EMI - THE ENEMY WITHIN

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1992年第2期104卷 69-80页

作者： BARON, NT CEBULSKI, DR Neil T. Baronis currently the team leader for the combat system topside design work for amphibious assault auxiliary mine warfare and Coast Guard ships. He sits on the IEEE SCC-28 Committee for personnel radiation hazards and is extensively involved in the EM engineering initiative at NavSea. Mr. Baron has lectured at the MIT Summer Professional Series on the subject of electromagnetic interference. While attending Marquette University he started his career with the Navy as a coop student supporting personnel radiation hazard assessments. After graduating with a BS in bio-medical engineering he took an electronics engineer position in the Systems Electromagnetic Division. Since then he has lectured on Navy training films and has developed several software packages which have pushed the state-of-the-art in EMI assessment. Mr. Baron has prepared several reports and professional papers. He has worked on several professional committees and in February of 1991 was awarded the “Young Engineer of the Year Award” which was presented by the D.C. Council of Engineering and Architectural Societies. Donald R. Cebulskiis currently the head of the Topside Design Division in the Naval Sea Systems Command Weapons and Combat System Directorate. He graduated from the University of Michigan with a bachelor's degree in 1963 and a master's degree in 1977 both in naval architecture and marine engineering. He started his career in 1964 at the Bureau of Ships and joined the Aircraft Carrier Section of the Arrangements Branch in Hull Design. During the past 25 years he has included almost every naval ship type in his ship arrangement experience and in October of 1988 he transferred to the Topside Design and Integration Branch in the System Electromagnetics Division Sea 06. Mr. Cebulski has written several papers on ship arrangements computer aided design and ship topside design. He prepared and presented lectures at the MIT Professional Series on ship topside design and has served on many ASNE committees. He is currently the

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) is one of the major contributors to mission degradation in our fleet today due to the increase in population and sensitivity of both topside and below deck electronic systems. Sensitive combat systems designed to counter intelligent and deceptive targets can be confused by the complex intra-ship EM environment. This can cause identification failure or losing "track" of a hostile or incoming missile or even engaging "friendly targets." Topside design and integration efforts have been used to reduce EMI, but this is not the total solution to the problem. A program of total ship and system EMI assessment and control must be implemented. This program must exploit electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) optimization in electronic circuit design and take advantage of and (in some cases) direct topside shapes and structures to control the propagation of desired and undesired EM energy. Positive and active control of EM design characteristics are absolutely required before optimum combat system effectiveness can be realized. This paper will describe the current topside design process, EMC improvements being made, and how the process is being integrated into, and is dependent upon, the ship design process. It will give examples of some of the major mission degrading EMI problems in the fleet today and how past problems were solved with existing EM analysis programs. It will also discuss the control of EM energy in new design through the use of techniques being developed such as ray tracing and ray casting. The paper projects where the challenges lie for future topside and EM engineering designers and describes how the equipment technology transfer process must be better integrated to meet the challenge of effective EMI control.

关键词： Signal Interference

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SMALL SHIPS, ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY AND WARFIGHTING PERFORMANCE

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 30-45页

作者： SKOLNICK, DH SKOLNICK, A David H. Skolnickhas practiced naval engineering in both government and industry. He has supported the Military Sealift Command and the Naval Sea Systems Command Ship Design Group and Amphibious Ship Acquisition Program Office participating in the design and assessment of ship structure evaluation of intact and damaged stability and arrangements during design and construction phases of acquisition conversion and overhaul. He is currently involved in systems engineering and integration. Recent responsibilities have included requirements analyses and feasibility studies interface analyses and computer aided analyses. He received his B.S. in naval architecture and marine engineering from Webb Institute of Naval Architecture in 1982 (as an ASNE scholar) and is currently an M.S. candidate in systems engineering at the University of Virginia. Alfred Skolnickserved over 30 years as an engineering duty officer and retired from the Navy with the rank of captain in 1983. His early assignments included tactical missile engineering shipboard duty and Polaris submarine inertial navigation. He later served in the Deep Submergence Systems Project was project director surface effect ships (SES) David Taylor Model Basin director of technology Joint Navy-Commerce SES Program director combat systems Naval Sea Systems Command and project manager directed energy weapons. His awards include the Navy League's Parsons Award in 1979 for scientific and technical progress ASNE's Gold Medal in 1981 for high energy laser development the Navy Legion of Merit in 1983 National Capital Engineer of the Year in 1986 and the American Defense Preparedness Association Gold Medal in 1988 for contributions to strategic defense. He was president of ASNE from 1985–1989. He received his B.S. in mathematics from Queens College his M.A. in mathematics from Columbia University his M.S. in electrical engineering from U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering/applied mathematics from Polytechnic University. He w

Changing threat requirements and radical budget shifts imply that Navy operational needs will broaden and engineering solutions will face tougher constraints. Existing and emerging technology promise increased combat capability in smaller packages;space-based assets will allow operator orchestration of widely dispersed naval units via connectivity attributes previously unavailable. Tactical data relay by downlink may permit reallocation of responsibilities among several platforms, space, air, or seaborne, so ships can be outfitted for custom-use (sensing, unique data processing, high-firepower) and optimized to meet specific mission needs. These evolving capabilities demand a fresh look at ship concepts and prospective force structures consistent with global and fiscal realities. Warfighting performance formerly unknown in small ship design may offer a very effective solution to the intricate, interacting issues of falling defense budgets, diverse operational requirements and complex national priorities. Multimission ships which take advantage of new or current technology to reduce ship size, manning and cost could be affordable in sufficient numbers to meet our continuing worldwide obligations, complement our larger ships' force structure, and produce a balanced fleet. These same ships could satisfy U.S. maritime needs beyond the Navy and improve export trade through foreign military sales (FMS).

关键词： naval Warfare

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DESIGN OF THE NFR-90

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第2期103卷 29-49页

作者： SCHAFFER, RL KLOEHN, HG Roger L. Schaffer is currently the manager of preliminary design for Advanced Marine Enterprises in Arlington Virginia. Mr. Schaffer received bachelor degrees in naval architecture and marine engineering and aerospace engineering from the University of Michigan in 1971. In 1974 he received his master's degree in naval architecture from MIT. Mr. Schaffer started his career with the Naval Ship Engineering Center and has worked for Boeing Marine Systems Hydronautics and Designers & Planners. He was associated with various phases of the NFR-90 program from 1982 until. 1990. His last NFR-90 assignment was design integration manager for the International Ship Studies Company (ISS) in Hamburg West Germany where he was responsible for all naval architectural work as well as combat system installation and marine engineering integration with the platform. He is a registered professional engineer. Harvey G. Kloehn received his B.S. degree in electrical engineering from Marquette University in 1951. He went to work in the Bureau of Ships and spent 32 years in naval combat systems engineering. Mr. Kloehn also served on active duty in the U.S. Navy from 1955 to 1958. Mr. Kloehn retired from the Naval Sea Systems Command in 1985 as technical director to the deputy commander for AAW/surface warfare. He is a charter member of the Senior Executive Service. After a brief retirement he went to work for NKF Engineering and then for Westinghouse as ship design manager and later chief engineer of the NA TO Frigate Program assigned to Hamburg West Germany. Mr. Kloehn received the ASNE Jimmie Hamilton award for the best paper published in the Journal in 1972. He is a registered professional engineer.

The NATO Frigate Replacement for the 1990s (NFR-90) Project was a unique approach to naval ship design and acquisition. It would have been the first U.S. Navy surface combatant primarily designed by an international organization. As a planning scenario, up to 60 ships, including 18 for the U.S. Navy, were to be acquired by the eight participating nations, making it potentially the largest NATO project ever attempted. Approximately 1,000 man years over a 10-year period were invested in the project. The project was prematurely terminated in January 1990. Nevertheless, a significant amount of work had been completed;the basic design of the ship was firmly established by a preliminary design, the combat system was thoroughly studied, and the economics of the program were well established. This paper describes the project, the technical aspects of the ship and combat system design, its innovative features and significant economic advantages. The conclusions relative to Aegis vs. NFR-90 or NFR-90/ Aegis mix (Table 14) are the opinions of the authors and the estimates of associated costs have not been validated by the naval Sea Systems Command.

关键词： naval Vessels

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HYDRODYNAMIC EFFICIENCY IMPROVEMENTS FOR UNITED-STATES NAVY SHIPS

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第3期103卷 74-90页

作者： MCCALLUM, D ENGLE, AH PLATZER, GP KARAFIATH, G Donald McCallumis a supervisory naval architect in the Auxiliary Amphibious and Mine Warfare Ship Hydrodynamics Branch of the Naval Sea Systems Command. He has worked in ship design in his native Scotland before coming to the United States via Canada. Mr. McCallum has a M.Sc. degree from the University of Michigan and a B.Sc. from Strathclyde University (Glasgow). He is a member of SNAME ASNE and ASE. Allen H. Engleis a naval architect with the Hull Form and Hydrodynamic Performance Division of the Naval Sea Systems Command (NavSea). He received his B.S. degree in engineering science from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1977 and his M.S. degree in ocean engineering from the University of Hawaii in 1979. Since 1980 he has worked for NavSea where he has been assigned to the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard SupShip Seattle and the U.S. Naval Academy Hydromechanics Laboratory. Selected as NavSea's Engineer of the Year for 1989 Mr. Engle is currently the program director for the Navy's Hydrodynamic Loads Technology Development Program. Prior to his current assignment Mr. Engle was technical director of the Navy's Ship Efficiency Improvement Program and task leader for hydrodynamic design for the LHD-5 AO-177 (Jumbo) AE-36 LSD-41 and FFX ship designs. Mr. Engle is a member of both ASNE and SNAME. Gregory Platzeris currently employed with Arneson Marine Inc. As manager of applications engineering Mr. Platzer is responsible for the development of propulsion specifications for articulated surface drive units matched to high-speed partially submerged propellers. Prior to November 1990 Mr. Platzer was the head of the Surface Ship Propeller Branch at the Naval Sea Systems Command. He had worked for the Navy in the field of propulsor analysis since 1977 initially at the David Taylor Research Center. Mr. Platzer graduated in 1977 from the University of Michigan with a B.S. degree in naval architecture. Gabor Karafiathis a member of the Ship Hydromechanics Department at the David Taylor Research Center.

This paper reports on an investigation of the applicability of recent hull efficiency improvement concepts to U.S. Navy ships. Among the concepts investigated were stern flaps, Grim Wheels, alternate aftbody configurations, bulbous bows, and flow modifying ducts. Extensive model testing was conducted at the David Taylor Research Center (DTRC) for each concept, and care was taken to check out critical propeller cavitation and noise aspects associated with the investigation of alternate stern configurations and Grim Wheel concepts. A guiding principle in this program was to utilize the expertise available both here and abroad so that each design concept would have the greatest chance of success. As a result of these investigations, significant gains in fuel economy were obtained. Specifically, full scale trials of FFG-25 (USS Copeland), equipped with and without a stern flap, demonstrated that fuel savings of 5-9% are achieved at speeds above 12 knots. In addition, fuel savings of 9.4% for T-AGS 39 equipped with a Grim Wheel and 5.6% for the combination of a large bulbous bow and a large diameter/low RPM propeller on AE-36 have been predicted. The paper concludes with a direction for future applications to U.S. Navy, and other ships.

关键词： Warships

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THE NEW ROAD - OCEAN AND naval engineering IN THE 1990S

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1991年第1期103卷 75-78页

作者： BALES, SML Susan Bales is the science advisor to the chief of naval operations and the assistant director for science and technology of the CNO Executive Panel. She is on assignment from the Office of Naval Research where she holds the position of assistant director for program support and special programs. Previously she was head of the Ocean Environment Group at David Taylor Research Center. Among her fields of technical expertise are radio-electronic battle management/space and electronic combat naval oceanography coastal dynamics ship engineering hydrodynamics technology wargaming climatology and the Arctic. Since joining the CNO's staff in 1987 Ms. Bales has participated in a number of strategic long-range planning efforts including the 1990 Defense Science Board Summer Study. She has been active in international exchange agreements coordinating the 1987 Labrador Extreme Waves Experiment (LEWEX) and chairing a NATO Research Study Group. She has lectured at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Webb Institute of Naval Architecture the NATO ASW SACLANT Centre the Admiralty Marine Technology Establishment and the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute. Active in a number of professional societies Ms. Bales has served as vice president of the American Society of Naval Engineers (ASNE) and chaired the Naval Engineers Journal Committee. Her research has been published in more than 50 papers articles and reports both here and abroad. She has received the Navy Meritorious Civilian Service Medal was named the 1988 National Capital Senior Engineer of the Year by the D.C. Council of Engineering and Architectural Societies and was elected to membership in the COSMOS Club in 1989. She was married to the late Nathan K. Bales and resides in Myersville Md.

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PROCESS-CONTROL IN A FOREIGN ACQUISITION

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第1期102卷 53-56页

作者： HALPER, ID PRENTICE, GS SELVIDGE, RB Irving D. Halper: attended the City University of New York majoring in mechanical engineering. His career in naval engineering started with various consulting firms prior to his joining the Bureau of Ships in 1963. He is currently the director of the Procurement Appraisal and Logistics Division in the Naval Sea Systems Command's Aircraft Carrier Program Office (PMS 312). George S. Prentice: obtained his B.S. degree in naval architecture from the University of Michigan in 1964. He worked for one and one-half years at Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock before moving to the Naval Sea Systems Command. He is a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers and has written several papers for various organizations and publications. Ronald B. Selvidge: obtained his B.S.M.E. from the University of New Orleans in 1985 at which time he obtained his EIT status. He is an assistant engineering project manager for the Deep Submergence and Ocean Engineering Program Office (PMS 395) of the Naval Sea Systems Command. Professional memberships include the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Association of Scientists and Engineers of the Naval Sea Systems Command where he holds the chairmanship of the Legislative Committee.

In 1973, the Boston naval Shipyard was closed. That shipyard's forge shop was the only source, worldwide, for forged (die-lock) aircraft carrier anchor chain. The Navy determined that a domestic manufacturing facility for large size welded chain was being constructed and decided to develop a specification for a welded carrier anchor chain. Cutbacks in the offshore oil industry stopped construction of that plant and the Navy became dependent on foreign sources. The initial procurement of welded aircraft carrier chain invoked society inspection and certification, and until problems were discovered during shipboard installation, was considered satisfactory. A recheck of the chain, with the certification society's participation, revealed that physical dimensions, breaking strength, and metallurgical properties failed to meet specified values. The next buy of new and replacement chain imposed more stringent QA requirements. It was awarded to the same foreign manufacturer on a competitive bid basis. Because of the prior problems with this vendor, the Navy determined that an on-site inspection team was needed to ensure specification compliance. The experiences of that team are described in this paper. The lessons that were learned relative to the manufacturing process, the lack of communication between QA management and production personnel, and the need for close control over specification enforcement are discussed.

关键词： Chains

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CONCEPTIONAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR A TOWED VESSEL SAFETY KNOWLEDGE SYSTEM

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naval ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1990年第1期102卷 68-73页

作者： LATORRE, R LESAGE, M Dr. Robert Latorre:received a BSE (Naval Architecture and Marine Engineering) in 1971 and an MSC in 1972 from the University of Michigan. After language training at Middle Language College he studied at the University of Tokyo's Department of Naval Architecture where he received a MSE in 1975 and a doctor of engineering degree in 1978. As an assistant professor at the University of Michigan (1979–1983) Dr. Latorre began his study of towed vessel safety and river tow design. This resulted in a multiyear project sponsored by the U.S. Dept. of Transportation on towed vessel safety. This work was continued after he joined the University of New Orleans where he designed a 38.3m × 4.6m × 0.03–2.1m variable depth towing tank for ship offshore and inland waterway hydrodynamic studies. His research interests include cavitation noise high speed craft design and computational fluid dynamics. During the 1986 academic year he taught as a professor at the University of Tokyo's Mechanical Engineering Department. During this time he began to interact with artificial intelligence robotics and computer vision researchers in Japan. Mauricio Le Sage:received his BSC (bachelor's degree) in 1986. He is a graduate student at the University of New Orleans. His research interests are in the areas of artificial intelligence computer graphics and expert systems. At the time of this paper a joint effort entitled “An Inductive Approach To Plagiarism Detection In Computer Programs” by Gerard K. Rambally and Mauricio Le Sage was pending publication.

A new model is introduced for avoiding accidents where a tugboat capsizes or trips when towing a larger vessel. The development of the Tripping Avoidance Knowledge Base (TAKB) is described in terms of the relevant descriptive parameters, the graphical representation of the knowledge base and its conversion to a decision matrix is also shown. As with any AI application in a new and promising area, there are many unclear points which this paper highlights. The paper closes with the authors' recommendations for future development and refinement of the knowledge base.

关键词： Tugboats

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