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HTC-HAD: A Hybrid Transformer-CNN Approach for Hyperspectral Anomaly Detection

IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 2025年 18卷 10144-10156页

作者： Zhao, Minghua Zheng, Wen Hu, Jing Xi'an University of Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi'an710048 China

Hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD) identifies anomalies by analyzing differences between anomalies and background pixels without prior information, presenting a significant challenge. Most existing studies leverage the high correlation in spectral and spatial dimensions, primarily focusing on local spectral and spatial information for background reconstruction while neglecting long-range dependencies. This local perception constrains models from fully capturing intrinsic spatial–spectral connections. To address this, we propose a novel hybrid transformer-CNN network for HAD (HTC-HAD). Specifically, HTC-HAD combines CNNs with transformers, where the CNN focuses on local modeling, and the transformer addresses long-range modeling. This dual approach ensures the accurate reconstruction of backgrounds by capturing both local and long-range dependencies. Meanwhile, to reduce model complexity and redundancy among neighboring bands, we incorporate a simplified and effective band selection strategy as preprocessing. In addition, to prevent anomalies from being reconstructed during background estimation, we employ an adaptive weight loss function to suppress them. Experimental results on several real datasets, both qualitatively and quantitatively, demonstrate that our HTC-HAD achieves satisfying detection performance. © 2008-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Diffusion Model with Multi-layer Wavelet Transform for Low-Light Image Enhancement

Diffusion Model with Multi-layer Wavelet Transform for Low-L...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Jin, Haiyan Wang, Jing Zuo, Fengyuan Su, Haonan Xiao, Zhaolin Wang, Bin Zhang, Yuanlin Xi'an University of Technology 710048 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology 710048 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Low-light image enhancement methods based on diffusion models, though effective in improving image quality, often overrely on noise sensitivity and neglect the reconstruction deviations due to the naive up- and down-sampling operations. To address this issue, we propose a novel diffusion model, MWT-Diff, which utilizes multi-layer wavelet transforms to replace up- and down-sampling based on convolutions for extracting high-order features of different scales while mitigating representation degradations. Specifically, MWT-Diff is based on the U-Net architecture;it encodes four local features after the frequency-based down-sampling at each layer and fuses the enhanced four components during the up-sampling process. Additionally, we incorporate global refinement branches to mitigate information loss and employ efficient soft gate aggregation for feature fusion and reconstruction. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets. Code is available at: https://***/lalalulao/MWT-Diff. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Diffusion Model Low-light Image Enhancement Multi-layer Wavelet Transform Soft Gate Mechanism

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Textual Data De-Privatization Scheme Based on Generative Adversarial networks 24th

Textual Data De-Privatization Scheme Based on Generative Adv...

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24th International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing, ICA3PP 2024

作者： Du, Yanning Xu, Jinnan Zhang, Yaling Wang, Yichuan Wang, Zhoukai School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology Xi’an China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819615506

In many fields, such as healthcare, finance, and scientific research, data sharing and collaboration are critical to achieving better outcomes. However, the sharing of personal data often involves privacy risks, so privacy-preserving techniques are needed to ensure data security and privacy. The superior performance and flexibility of generative models in data representation have led to significant progress in the development of data privacy. This paper proposes a textual data de-privatization scheme based on generative adversarial networks that well combines generative adversarial networks with privacy protection. The generated de-privacy data retains the statistical properties of the original data and effectively removes sensitive information. Moreover, feature sorting and reshaping modules are introduced to enable the generator to better capture the relationships between features, thus improving the quality of synthetic data. In this paper, the utility of synthetic data is evaluated from three aspects, including similarity assessment, privacy assessment, and model utility assessment. Experimental results show that this method achieves a good trade-off in terms of textual data privacy protection and data quality maintenance. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Generative adversarial networks

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1+1>2: A Dual-Function Defense Framework for Adversarial Example Mitigation

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IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and security 2025年 20卷 4121-4136页

作者： Yang, Rui Sun, Qindong Cao, Han Shen, Chao Cai, Jiaming Rong, Dongzhu Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi’an710049 China Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Xi’an710049 China Xi’an Jiaotong University School of Software Engineering Xi’an710049 China

Current state-of-the-art plug-and-play countermeasures for mitigating adversarial examples (i.e., purification and detection) exhibit several fatal limitations, impeding their deployment in safety-critical real-world applications. These limitations include susceptibility to adaptive attacks, adverse impact on benign samples, high time consumption for conducting a complete defense cycle, etc. To bridge the gap, developing more advanced plug-and-play countermeasures is urgently needed to safeguard these applications. Specifically, this paper first proposes a novel method named Gaussian-augmented GAN-based Adversarial Purification (GA-GAP). Unlike previous methods, GA-GAP enhances the density of the training data in low-robustness regions by using random Gaussian noise. Moreover, GA-GAP incorporates a pre-trained deep learning classifier into the training architecture and integrates its classification loss into the training loss function. Then, following the development of GA-GAP, this paper innovatively proposes a dual-function defense framework named Adversarial Detection on Purification (ADoP) to mitigate adversarial examples further. In ADoP, purification and detection complement each other, achieving the effect of 1+1 >2 , which can more efficiently avoid adaptive attacks. Extensive experiments on ImageNet demonstrate that ADoP outperforms other countermeasures in multiple aspects. These aspects include superior generalization capability in purifying and detecting various adversarial examples, less adverse impact on benign samples, and practical time consumption for conducting a complete defense cycle. © 2005-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Adversarial machine learning

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Hedonic Coalition Formation Game and Contract-Based Federated Learning in AAV-Assisted Internet of Things

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第9期12卷 11258-11272页

作者： Liu, Jia Li, Xiaoxu Xu, Yang Lyu, Chen Wang, Yichuan Liu, Xiaoying Xidian University School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an710071 China Shanghai University of Finance and Economics School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence MoE Key Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Research of Computation and Economics Shanghai200433 China Xi’an University of Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Security Technology Xi’an710071 China Zhejiang University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou310023 China

Coupled with the rise of Deep Learning, the wealth of data and enhanced computation capabilities of Internet of Things (IoT) components enable effective artificial intelligence (AI)-based models to be built. Beyond ground data sources, autonomous aerial vehicles (AAVs)-based service providers for data collection and AI model training, i.e., Drones-as-a-Service (DaaS), have become increasingly popular in recent years. However, the stringent regulations governing data privacy potentially impede data sharing across independently owned AAVs. To this end, we propose in this article a federated learning (FL)-based architecture that enables privacy-preserving collaborative machine learning across a federation of independent DaaS providers for the development of IoT applications. Specifically, this work introduces a novel incentive mechanism based on the hedonic coalition formation game to enhance the sustainable efficiency and stability of the FL system. By establishing tailored operational rules and functions, the proposed mechanism enables IoT sensing nodes to autonomously form optimal coalitions with AAVs, thereby ensuring robust collaboration. To deal with incentive mismatches and information asymmetry, we leverage the contract theory and propose a self-disclosure mechanism that guarantees truthful reporting of AAV capabilities while optimizing the global model owner’s profits. The performance-based AAV type is also defined to offer a practical measure for heterogeneous AAVs and serve as the foundation for fair and effective contract design. Simulation results validate the superiority of the proposed approach, demonstrating significant improvements in utility optimization and system stability compared to existing benchmarks. © 2014 IEEE.

关键词： Federated learning

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A Method for Removing Reflections from Water Surface Images Based on Pre-trained Image Restoration

A Method for Removing Reflections from Water Surface Images ...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Minghua Zhao Rui Zhi Shuangli Du Jing Hu Cheng Shi Lin Wang Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology Xi'an University of Technology Xi’an China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Reflections on the water surface hinder the extraction of valuable information from water surface images. To remove reflections from water surface images, we construct a synthetic dataset and propose a multi-task network for water surface reflection detection and removal. Specifically, we first use a U-Net-based reflection detection module to generate a reflection mask, followed by a GAN-based network to remove the reflection. To extract multi-level features from the images, we design a color feature extraction network and a detail feature extraction network. Finally, to enhance the model's ability to remove large-area reflections, we pre-train the reflection removal network on an image restoration dataset. Experimental results on the proposed synthetic dataset and real water surface reflection images from the Internet show that our method significantly outperforms other methods in water surface reflection detection and removal.

关键词： Image color analysis Signal processing Feature extraction Multitasking Reflection Image restoration Speech processing Surface treatment Synthetic data Sports

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Diffusion Model with Multi-layer Wavelet Transform for Low-Light Image Enhancement

Diffusion Model with Multi-layer Wavelet Transform for Low-L...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Haiyan Jin Jing Wang Fengyuan Zuo Haonan Su Zhaolin Xiao Bin Wang Yuanlin Zhang Xi’an University of Technology China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology China

ISBN: (数字)9798350368741

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368758

Low-light image enhancement methods based on diffusion models, though effective in improving image quality, often overrely on noise sensitivity and neglect the reconstruction deviations due to the naive up- and down-sampling operations. To address this issue, we propose a novel diffusion model, MWT-Diff, which utilizes multi-layer wavelet transforms to replace up-and down-sampling based on convolutions for extracting high-order features of different scales while mitigating representation degradations. Specifically, MWT-Diff is based on the U-Net architecture; it encodes four local features after the frequency-based down-sampling at each layer and fuses the enhanced four components during the up-sampling process. Additionally, we incorporate global refinement branches to mitigate information loss and employ efficient soft gate aggregation for feature fusion and reconstruction. Extensive quantitative and qualitative experiments demonstrate that our model achieves state-of-the-art performance on benchmark datasets. Code is available at: https://***/lalalulao/MWT-Diff.

关键词： Wavelet transforms Sensitivity Noise Logic gates Speech enhancement Feature extraction Diffusion models Image enhancement Image reconstruction Optimization

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EvolGCN: A Co-evolutionary Graph Convolutional network Model for Dynamically Spatio-Temporal Anomaly Event Inference

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure computing 2025年

作者： Liu, Xiaoming Pu, Hang Chen, Zhuo Zhang, Zhanwei Lan, Yu Shen, Chao Xi'an Jiaotong University Ministry of Education Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China

Accurately spatio-temporal anomaly event inference is significant to enhance society's safety, such as crime prevention and traffic collision reduction, etc. However, it is hard to achieve good performance for its complicated process being influenced by various kinds of factors. Previous works mainly focus on employing feature-based regression or fitting models with supposed spatio-temporal distribution to tackle this challenge, but are normally short of the following considerations: 1) mutual evolutionary influence, i.e. The dynamic evolution of interactions and dependencies among anomaly events, is changing along with the timeline and alters the probabilities or patterns of their occurrences dynamically;2) messy features, i.e. complex attributes in the data but with noise, are difficult to select and aggregate for the representation learning algorithm with uncertainty and redundancy. To address the research gap, we put forward a co-evolutionary graph convolutional network model to explicate the dynamically spatio-temporal anomaly patterns. Specifically, we firstly take advantage of a fuzzy-rough set-based algorithm to select features by discovering the specialty and permanence attributes of different interaction features. Then, we propose a co-evolutionary learning method to embed the dynamically temporal influence into latent features with selected interaction information. Finally, we design a graph convolutional network with an attention mechanism to formulate the mutually spatial effects among the anomaly events. The proposed model is verified on the New York City crime records from the real-world, and extensive experiments show that our approach achieves 0.10129, 0.09958 and 0.10034 of the MAE (hour) in the action, location, and action-location time inference tasks, and 0.7973 and 0.4678 of the accuracy in the action and location type inference tasks, which outperform state-of-arts by 24.00%, 50.60%, 11.10%, 10.56% and 21.53% at most, respectively. Hyper-param

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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DCGSD: Low-Light Image Enhancement with Dual-Conditional Guidance Sparse Diffusion Model

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IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology 2025年

作者： Jin, Haiyan Wang, Jing Zuo, Fengyuan Su, Haonan Xiao, Zhaolin Wang, Bin Zhang, Yuanlin Xi'an University of Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology Department of Computer Science and Engineering NO. 5 South Jinhua Road Shaanxi Xi'an710048 China

When restoring low-light images, most methods largely overlook the ambiguity due to dark noise and lack discrimination for region and shape representations, resulting in invalid feature enhancement. In this work, we propose a physically explainable and prior guidance model for low-light image enhancement, termed Dual-Conditional Guidance Sparse Diffusion (DCGSD). Specifically, we introduce an elaborately designed Luminance Structure Guidance Head, which can be easily plugged into the existing diffusion model to emphasize the value of the luminance and structural representation. Furthermore, for reliable noise analysis, we provide a novel Sparse Attention Enhancement Module that is adaptively empowered to exploit the most useful region-to-region dependencies. This dynamic selection makes the diffusion process from dense to sparse, thus improving the efficiency of the reasoning noise distributions. To avoid noise amplification, we further present a Skip Calibration Module, which can be used to refine the local neighborhood that contains noisy and structural information. Extensive experiments have been performed to verify the superiority of the proposed method. DCGSD shows that leveraging dual-conditional guidance can support the diffusion model to produce sharper and more realistic results. © 1991-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Riemannian Complex Hermit Positive Definite Convolution network for Polarimetric SAR Image Classification

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Shi, Junfei Nie, Mengmeng Li, Yuke Jin, Haiyan Lin, Weisi Department of Computer Science and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an China College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University 639798 Singapore

Deep learning can learn high-level semantic features in Euclidean space effectively for PolSAR images, while they need to covert the complex covariance matrix into a feature vector or complex-valued vector as the network input. However, the complex covariance matrices are essentially a complex Hermit positive definite (HPD) matrix endowed in Riemannian manifold rather than Euclidean space. The matrix’s real and imagery parts are with the same significance, as the imagery part represents the phase information. The matrix vectorization will destroy the geometric structure and manifold characteristics of complex covariance matrices. To learn complex HPD matrices directly, we propose a Riemannian complex HPD convolution network(HPD CNN) for PolSAR images. This method consists of a complex HPD unfolding network(HPDnet) and a CV-3DCNN enhanced network. The proposed complex HPDnet defines the HPD mapping, rectifying and the logEig layers to learn geometric features of complex matrices. In addition, a fast eigenvalue decomposition method is designed to reduce computation burden. Finally, a Riemannian-to-Euclidean enhanced network is defined to enhance contextual information for classification. Experimental results on two real PolSSAR datasets demonstrate the proposed method can achieve superior performance than the state-of-the-art methods especially in heterogeneous regions. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Convolution

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