Farmers and agricultural newcomers often rely on intuition for plant nutrient management, leading to inaccuracies. This study presents a real-time soil nutrient monitoring and plant recommendation system using IoT and...
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The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely utilized for accurate *** commonly applied method to obtain precise coordinate estimates is by implementing the relative positioning in network ***,this approach...
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The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is widely utilized for accurate *** commonly applied method to obtain precise coordinate estimates is by implementing the relative positioning in network ***,this approach can be complex and ***,The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) offers freely available satellite orbit and clock correction products called Multi-GNSS Advanced Demonstration Tool for Orbit and Clock Analysis (MADOCA),which can enhance positioning accuracy through the precise point positioning (PPP) *** study focuses on evaluating PPP static mode positioning using MADOCA products and comparing the results with the highly precise relative positioning *** analyzing a network of 20 GNSS stations in Indonesia,we found that the PPP method using MADOCA products provided favorable positioning *** median discrepancies and the corresponding median absolute deviation (MAD) for easting,northing,and up components were estimated as 9±18 mm,10±9 mm,and 3±40 mm,*** results indicate that PPP with MADOCA products can be a reliable alternative for establishing Indonesia's horizontal control networks,particularly for orders 0,1,2,and 3,and for a broad spectrum of geoscience monitoring ***,considerations such as epoch transformations and seismic activities should be taken into account for accurate positioning applications that comply with the definition of the national reference framework.
Farmers and agricultural newcomers often rely on intuition for plant nutrient management, leading to inaccuracies. This study presents a real-time soil nutrient monitoring and plant recommendation system using IoT and...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798331521295
ISBN:
(纸本)9798331521301
Farmers and agricultural newcomers often rely on intuition for plant nutrient management, leading to inaccuracies. This study presents a real-time soil nutrient monitoring and plant recommendation system using IoT and machine learning. The prototype integrates an ESP32 microcontroller, NPK sensor, soil pH sensor, and DHT11 with an application and a machine learning model. The model employs a hard voting method combining random forest, LightGBM, and support vector machine algorithms, deployed via Flask API and hosted on Vercel. Testing showed the system effectively monitors soil nutrients in real-time, with a pH sensor error margin of ±0.51 and NPK sensor readings displaying a non-linear increase in levels. The hard voting method achieved 98.5% accuracy, with recommendation processing taking less than one second (371.17ms) and CPU usage at 7%. System performance depends on internet speed, while recommendation accuracy is influenced by temperature and humidity. This system offers a practical solution for precision agriculture by optimizing nutrient application and plant recommendations.
The article explained about the analysis of effect changes the diameter of radiating elements to the improvement of antenna characteristics. The antenna radiating element studied was solid copper wire and the type of ...
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The article explained about the analysis of effect changes the diameter of radiating elements to the improvement of antenna characteristics. The antenna radiating element studied was solid copper wire and the type of ...
The article explained about the analysis of effect changes the diameter of radiating elements to the improvement of antenna characteristics. The antenna radiating element studied was solid copper wire and the type of antenna observed was an antenna that had a circular contour called the Full Wave Loop antenna. This antenna is use for digital television broadcast receiver applications and has a circle radius of 16 cm. Improved antenna characteristics were analyze for 3 types of radiation element diameter, namely; 3.5 mm; 2.5 mm and 2.0 mm. The Antennas were operated in a working frequency of 586 MHz, which is for digital television receiver broadcast channels. Based on the test data on the 3 diameter antenna elements and calculation analysis, it is known that the improvement is characteristics VWSR occurs in the radiation element with 2.0 mm diameter, the VSWR value is 1.93, return loss is 7.6 dB, antenna impedance is 97 Ω, gain of 12.88 dBi and antenna bandwidth of 7,17% and gain of 12.86 dBi, while the antenna characteristics of the radiating elements that are 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm larger are worse, among others; for VSWR 2.7 and 3.63. Return loss is -6,9 dB and 4.9 dB. Antenna impedance was 135 Ω and 175 Ω. The antenna gain was 8.78 dBi and 7.1 dBi. The smaller the diameter of the radiating element in the Full Wave Loop antenna will improve the characteristics of VSWR, Return loss, input impedance, gain. On the other hand, the smaller the radiation element will reduce the antenna bandwidth, so it is necessary to look for other methods to improve bandwidth capacity without changing the four characteristics of the good antenna. Likewise, the equation for determining the physical size of the radiating element is redefined.
Student's Single Tuition Fee or Uang Kuliah Tunggal (UKT) is a subsidy policy in higher education by the Indonesian government. This policy regulates the tuition fees incurred by each student at each semester in e...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509062850
Student's Single Tuition Fee or Uang Kuliah Tunggal (UKT) is a subsidy policy in higher education by the Indonesian government. This policy regulates the tuition fees incurred by each student at each semester in every higher education institutions. Since the cost of UKT expenses is influenced by the financial ability of each student, therefore the cost of education among students must be grouped into several classes. Until recently, there has been no standard to make such classification whereas such determination is an important task to solve by every higher institution in Indonesia. This study aims to compare five data mining classification algorithms (Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Multinomial Naïve Bayes, Bernoulli Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree and SVM) to find the best algorithm for the case of determining the UKT classes. The experiment is conducted using 230 training data and 10-fold cross-validation evaluation. Based on the result, Decision Tree managed to obtain average accuracy value of 0.814 or 81.4%. Finally, Decision Tree is used to classify the UKT classes of3258 data of students.
Identifying cues to contagious disease is critical for effectively tracking and defending against interpersonal infection threats. People hold lay beliefs about the types of sensory information most relevant for ident...
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In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhous...
In 2023, La Niña conditions that generally prevailed in the eastern Pacific Ocean from mid-2020 into early 2023 gave way to a strong El Niño by October. Atmospheric concentrations of Earth’s major greenhouse gases—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide—all increased to record-high levels. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere rose to 419.3±0.1 ppm, which is 50% greater than the pre-industrial level. The growth from 2022 to 2023 was 2.8 ppm, the fourth highest in the record since the 1960s. The combined short-term effects of El Niño and the long-term effects of increasing levels of heat-trapping gases in the atmosphere contributed to new records for many essential climate variables reported here. The annual global temperature across land and oceans was the highest in records dating as far back as 1850, with the last seven months (June–December) having each been record warm. Over land, the globally averaged temperature was also record high. Dozens of countries reported record or near-record warmth for the year, including China and continental Europe as a whole (warmest on record), India and Russia (second warmest), and Canada (third warmest). Intense and widespread heatwaves were reported around the world. In Vietnam, an all-time national maximum temperature record of 44.2°C was observed at Tuong Duong on 7 May, surpassing the previous record of 43.4°C at Huong Khe on 20 April 2019. In Brazil, the air temperature reached 44.8°C in Araçuaí in Minas Gerais on 20 November, potentially a new national record and 12.8°C above normal. The effect of rising temperatures was apparent in the cryosphere, where snow cover extent by June 2023 was the smallest in the 56-year record for North America and seventh smallest for the Northern Hemisphere overall. Heatwaves contributed to the greatest average mass balance loss for Alpine glaciers around the world since the start of the record in 1970. Due to rapid volume loss beginning in 2021, St. A
Background: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) ...
Background: Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. Methods: We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. Findings: An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. Interpretation: As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-ca
Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study...
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