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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhou, Man Su, Shuao Wang, Qian Li, Qi Zhou, Yuting Ma, Xiaojing Li, Zhengxiong School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University China Institute for Network Sciences and Cyberspace Tsinghua University China Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Colorado Denver United States Hubei Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology China

Fingerprint authentication has been extensively employed in contemporary identity verification systems owing to its rapidity and cost-effectiveness. Due to its widespread use, fingerprint leakage may cause sensitive information theft, enormous economic and personnel losses, and even a potential compromise of national security. As a fingerprint that can coincidentally match a specific proportion of the overall fingerprint population, MasterPrint rings the alarm bells for the security of fingerprint authentication. In this paper, we propose a new side-channel attack on the minutiae-based Automatic Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS), called PrintListener, which leverages users’ fingertip swiping actions on the screen to extract fingerprint pattern features (the first-level features) and synthesizes a stronger targeted PatternMasterPrint with potential second-level features. The attack scenario of PrintListener is extensive and covert. It only needs to record users’ fingertip friction sound and can be launched by leveraging a large number of social media platforms. Extensive experimental results in real-world scenarios show that Printlistener can significantly improve the attack potency of MasterPrint. © 2024, CC0.

关键词： Friction

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Adaptive Interacting Multiple Model for Underwater Maneuvering Target Tracking with One-Step Randomly Delayed Measurements

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Xiaohua Lu, Bo Li, Yuxing Lu, Xiaofeng Jin, Haiyan School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi’an710048 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology Xi’an710048 China School of Automation and Information Engineering Xi'an University of Technology Xi’an710048 China

The existing interacting multiple model (IMM) suffers from two problems when tracking an underwater maneuvering target: 1) the conventional nonlinear filters in IMM cannot work on the condition of delayed measurement, 2) the inefficiency of model switching in IMM may degrade the tracking performance. In order to handle the delayed measurement, an augmented state vector including target state and measurement noise is designed. Thus, under two Gaussian assumptions, the estimation of the target state can be divided into two steps: measurement noise filter and target state filter. Then, the new extended Klaman filter (EKF) and unscented Kalman filter (UKF) with delayed measurement are implemented as two variations of the proposed filter. In addition, to solve the problem of low switching efficiency between IMM models, a transfer probability corrected function is designed to adaptively update the transfer probability matrix (TPM) in IMM. The improved TPM can make full use of the current and past model information. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing IMM-EKF and IMM-UKF. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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Sky-Eye: Detect Multi-stage Cyber Attacks at the Bigger Picture 15th

Sky-Eye: Detect Multi-stage Cyber Attacks at the Bigger Pi...

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15th EAI International Conference on Digital Forensics and Cyber Crime, ICDF2C 2024

作者： Bi, Pengcheng Wang, Qi Lv, Zhuohang Yun, Xiaochun Zang, Tianning School of Cyber Security University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China National Computer Network Emergency Response Technical Team Coordination Center of China Beijing China Zhongguancun National Laboratory Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9783031893629

Complex network attacks represented by APTs are difficult to detect due to their stealthy attack methods and long attack durations. Meanwhile, traditional threat detection systems generate a large number of false positives, eventually overwhelming security analysts and making it impossible to focus on the truly important security threats. We propose Sky-eye, a complex network attack detection system based on network attack chain, which effectively utilizes data source analysis to summarize simple attack behaviors into attack subgraphs, and then divides the attack stages according to the network attack chain to aggregate attack subgraphs located in the same attack chain into attack events, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing false positives and analysis pressure. From modeling to detection, the design of Sky-eye is specifically tailored for the unique characteristics of multi-stage complex attacks. Sky-eye extracts provenance graphs that offer rich contextual and historical insights through efficient yet comprehensive graph analysis, enabling the identification of covert abnormal activities without relying on predefined attack signatures. Our evaluation results demonstrate that Sky-eye surpasses existing state-of-the-art APT detection systems and excels in accurately extracting attack events. © ICST Institute for computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications engineering 2025.

关键词： network intrusion

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Robust Imagined Speech Production Using AI-Generated Content network for Patients with Language Impairments

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IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 2024年

作者： Xu, Xu Fu, Chong Dalian University of Technology School of Software Dalian116621 China Northeastern University School of Computer Science and Engineering Shenyang110004 China Northeastern University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image Ministry of Education Shenyang110819 China Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System Shenyang110004 China

Imagined speech production is critical for brain-computer interface systems. It is able to provide the communication ability for patients with language impairments. Nowadays, many studies have developed algorithms for this purpose. However, they often struggle with an issue that is the noise in physiological signals from various devices. This makes current methods have low robustness when performing speech generation. To this end, we propose a framework to robustly producing imagined speech for patients with language impairments. It is based on artificial intelligent-generated content (AIGC). In specific, this work develops a diffusion model to remove noise from brain signals, which are then converted and normalized into log-mel spectrograms. Next, the product feeds into a transformer-based model to extract local and global features. Finally, these enhanced features are inputted into full connected layers to generate the imagined speech. The effectiveness of our model is validated using the high-quality, i.e., single-word-production-Dutch-iBIDS dataset. It achieves Pearson correlation scores above 0.8 and standard deviations below 0.2 across different volunteers. Experimental results well demonstrate that our model is robust and has advantages over peer methods. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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A Multiple-Image Authentication Method Based on Phase-Only Hologram and Logistic Map

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Liansheng, Sui Zishan, Jiang Haiwei, Lu Zhaolin, Xiao Tianyu, Zeng School of Computer Science and Engineering Xi’an University of Technology Xi’an710048 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Network Computing and Security Technology Xi’an710048 China Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang050024 China Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Fusion and Intelligent Control Shijiazhuang050024 China

An interesting security method for multiple-image authentication scheme is proposed based on computer-generated holograms and logistic map. First, each original image is encoded as the complex-valued hologram under the point light source model. The resulting hologram is then converted to a phase-only hologram using the Floyd-Steinberg dithering algorithm. Second, each phase-only hologram is randomly sampled by the aid of a binary mask. Through the catenation of all selected pixels, a phase-only pixel sequence is formed. Finally, a non-periodic and non-converging sequence generated with logistic map is used to scramble this sequence. After only preserving the phase data of the scrambled sequence, the real-valued ciphertext carrying the information of all original images is obtained. In the process of authentication, although no valid information can be discerned from noisy reconstructed images at a small sampling rate, the verification of original images can be efficiently accomplished using the nonlinear correlation maps. Besides binary masks, the parameters of logistic map are served as secret keys. Due to their high sensitivity, the security of the proposed method is greatly enhanced. The proposed authentication mechanism has been demonstrated to be effective and robust through experiments. To our best knowledge, it is first time to implement multiple-image authentication using phase-only holograms, which can provide a new perspective for optical information security. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Holograms

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The security and Privacy of Mobile Edge Computing: An Artificial Intelligence Perspective

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Cheng Yuan, Zenghui Zhou, Pan Xu, Zichuan Li, Ruixuan Wu, Dapeng Oliver Hubei Engineering Research Center on Big Data Security Key Laboratory of Distributed System Security of Hubei Province School of Cyber Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Software The Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network Service Software of Liaoning Province Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024 China Intelligent and Distributed Computing Laboratory School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Kowloon999077 Hong Kong

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) is a new computing paradigm that enables cloud computing and information technology (IT) services to be delivered at the network’s edge. By shifting the load of cloud computing to individual local servers, MEC helps meet the requirements of ultralow latency, localized data processing, and extends the potential of Internet of Things (IoT) for end-users. However, the crosscutting nature of MEC and the multidisciplinary components necessary for its deployment have presented additional security and privacy concerns. Fortunately, Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms can cope with excessively unpredictable and complex data, which offers a distinct advantage in dealing with sophisticated and developing adversaries in the security industry. Hence, in this paper we comprehensively provide a survey of security and privacy in MEC from the perspective of AI. On the one hand, we use European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) MEC reference architecture as our based framework while merging the Software Defined network (SDN) and network Function Virtualization (NFV) to better illustrate a serviceable platform of MEC. On the other hand, we focus on new security and privacy issues, as well as potential solutions from the viewpoints of AI. Finally, we comprehensively discuss the opportunities and challenges associated with applying AI to MEC security and privacy as possible future research directions. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： network security

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Leveraging High-Order Similar Nodes and Structural Correlation for Attention-Based Graph Embedding

Leveraging High-Order Similar Nodes and Structural Correlati...

引用

International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)

作者： Jing-Hong Wang Chang-Xin Li Jia-Teng Yang College of Computer and Cyber Security Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China Hebei Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China Hebei Provincial Engineering Research Center for Supply Chain Big Data Analytics & Security Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China Hebei Polytechnic Institute Shijiazhuang China

Graph Attention network (GAT) is a popular method for graph embedding as they effectively leverage attention mechanisms to aggregate first-order neighborhood node information. However, they have limitations in their ability to consider high-order neighborhood nodes and structural information. Directly incorporating high-order neighborhood node information into traditional GAT may result in over-smoothing. To address this challenge, in this paper, we propose a joint attention graph embedding model based on similar networks and structural correlation. secondly, we introduce the concept of structural correlation to the original graph attentional method, and consider not only node content feature but also joint node topological structure feature when calculating the attention score. Finally, the graph attention mechanism module performs feature extraction to generate embedding representations of the nodes. The proposed algorithm achieved an accuracy of 85.7%, 74.30%, and 84.10% on the Cora, Citeseer, and Pubmed datasets respectively in node classification tasks. This represents an improvement of 2.70%, 3.94%, and 2.60% respectively compared to the traditional graph attention model. It can be seen that the proposed method can obtain a better representation of node embedding.

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Adaptive Loose Optimization for Robust Question Answering

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Ma, Jie Wang, Pinghui Wang, Zewei Kong, Dechen Hu, Min Han, Ting Liu, Jun The Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security School of Cyber Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China The Ministry of Education of Key Laboratory for Intelligent Networks and Network Security School of Automation Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China The China Mobile Research Institute China The Shannxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Knowledge Engineering School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China

Question answering methods are well-known for leveraging data bias, such as the language prior in visual question answering and the position bias in machine reading comprehension (extractive question answering). Current debiasing methods often come at the cost of significant in-distribution performance to achieve favorable out-of-distribution generalization ability, while non-debiasing methods sacrifice a considerable amount of out-of-distribution performance in order to obtain high in-distribution performance. Therefore, it is challenging for them to deal with the complicated changing real-world situations. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective novel loss function with adaptive loose optimization, which seeks to make the best of both worlds for question answering. Our main technical contribution is to reduce the loss adaptively according to the ratio between the previous and the current optimization state on mini-batch training data. This loose optimization can be used to prevent non-debiasing methods from overlearning data bias while enabling debiasing methods to maintain slight bias learning. Experiments on the visual question answering datasets, including VQA v2, VQA-CP v1, VQA-CP v2, GQA-OOD, and the extractive question answering dataset SQuAD demonstrate that our approach enables QA methods to obtain state-of-the-art in- and out-of-distribution performance in most cases. The source code has been released publicly in https://***/reml-group/ALO. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Machine learning

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Age of Information Analysis for CR-NOMA Aided Uplink Systems with Randomly Arrived Packets

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Sun, Yanshi Ye, Yanglin Ding, Zhiguo Zhou, Momiao Liu, Lei School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei230009 China Department of Computer and Information Engineering Khalifa University Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications Xi’an710121 China

This paper studies the application of cognitive radio inspired non-orthogonal multiple access (CR-NOMA) to reduce age of information (AoI) for uplink transmission. In particular, a time division multiple access (TDMA) based legacy network is considered, where each user is allocated with a dedicated time slot to transmit its status update information. The CR-NOMA is implemented as an add-on to the TDMA legacy network, which enables each user to have more opportunities to transmit by sharing other user’s time slots. A rigorous analytical framework is developed to obtain the expressions for AoIs achieved by CR-NOMA with and without re-transmission, by taking the randomness of the status update generating process into consideration. Numerical results are presented to verify the accuracy of the developed analysis. It is shown that the AoI can be significantly reduced by applying CR-NOMA compared to TDMA. Moreover, the use of re-transmission is helpful to reduce AoI, especially when the status arrival rate is low. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Markov chains

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A Novel Framework for Multimodal Brain Tumor Detection with Scarce Labels

引用

IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics 2024年 PP卷 PP-PP页

作者： Ge, Yanning Xu, Li Wang, Xiaoding Que, Youxiong Piran, Md. Jalil Fujian Normal University College of Computer and Cyber Security Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Network Security and Cryptology Fujian Fuzhou350117 China Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Sanya Research Institute Hainan Sanya572024 China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University The Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding Fujian Fuzhou350002 China Sejong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul05006 Korea Republic of

Brain tumor detection has advanced significantly with the development of deep learning technology. Although multimodal data, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT), has potential advantages in diagnostics, most existing studies rely solely on a single modality. This is because common fusion methods may lead to the loss of critical information when attempting multimodal fusion. Therefore, effectively integrating multimodal data has become a significant challenge. Additionally, medical image analysis requires large amounts of annotated data, and labeling images is a resourceintensive task that demands experienced professionals to spend a considerable amount of time. To address these challenges, this paper introduces a new unsupervised learning framework named Double-SimCLR. This framework builds on the foundation of contrastive learning and features a dual-branch structure, enabling direct and simultaneous processing of MRI and CT images for multimodal feature fusion. Given the 'weak feature' characteristics of CT images (e.g., low soft tissue contrast and low resolution), we incorporated adaptive weight masking technology to enhance CT feature extraction. Moreover, we introduced a multimodal attention mechanism, which ensures that the model focuses on salient information, thereby elevating the precision and robustness of brain tumor detection. Even without substantial labeled data, experimental results demonstrate that Double-SimCLR achieves 93.458% accuracy, 92.463% precision, and a 93.058% F1-score, outperforming state-of-the-art (SOTA) models by 2.871%, 2.643%, and 3.098%, respectively © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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