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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yoon, Gyoungsub Yu, Sunkyu Lee, Jongho Park, Namkyoo Photonic Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Intelligent Wave Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Laboratory for Imaging Science and Technology Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Republic of

Ultrahigh field magnetic resonance imaging (UHF MRI) has become an indispensable tool for human brain imaging, offering excellent diagnostic accuracy while avoiding the risks associated with invasive modalities. When the radiofrequency magnetic field of the UHF MRI encounters the multifaceted complexity of the brain—characterized by wavelength-scale, dissipative, and random heterogeneous materials—detrimental mesoscopic challenges such as B1+ field inhomogeneity and local heating arise. Here we develop the metasurface design inspired by scattering theory to achieve the volumetric field homogeneity in the UHF MRI. The method focuses on finding the scattering ansatz systematically and incorporates a pruning technique to achieve the minimum number of participating modes, which guarantees stable practical implementation. Using full-wave analysis of realistic human brain models under a 7 Tesla MRI, we demonstrate more than a twofold improvement in field homogeneity and suppressed local heating, achieving better performance than even the commercial 3 Tesla MRI. The result shows a noninvasive generalization of constant intensity waves in optics, offering a universal methodology applicable to higher Tesla MRI. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Magnetic resonance imaging

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Enhanced Grid-Forming Inverter Control Through Integral Sliding Mode Control in a Cascaded Framework 4

Enhanced Grid-Forming Inverter Control Through Integral Slid...

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4th International Conference on Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, SGRE 2024

作者： Rayane, Khaled Rabhi, Abdelhamid Oubbati, Brahim Khalil Benzoubir, Mohammed University of Laghouat LACoSERE Lab Laghouat Algeria Texas A and M University at Qatar Qatar Foundation Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Doha Qatar University of Picardie Jules Verne Laboratory of Modelisation Information and Systems-MIS France

ISBN: (纸本)9798350306262

The microgrid (MG) relies heavily on the grid-forming inverter (GFI), making it a crucial component. Therefore, precise and adaptable control of the GFI is essential for microgrid operations due to its pivotal role in shaping voltage and regulating frequency. In this context, this paper introduces a Integral Sliding Mode Control (ISMC) based cascaded approach for controlling the GFI system. The primary goal of this control strategy is to produce a three-phase sinusoidal voltage with a specified amplitude while minimizing harmonic distortion in the output voltage under varying load conditions. The key advantage of the proposed GFI controller lies in its ability to deliver superior performance, characterized by low Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), rapid dynamic tracking capabilities, and robustness in the face of load fluctuations. A comparative assessment is conducted between the conventional repetitive controller and the newly proposed method, considering linear and nonlinear load scenarios. The simulation results provide strong validation for the effectiveness of the proposed approach. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Sliding mode control

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Blockchain in Environmental Sustainability Measures: a Survey

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Vladucu, Maria-Victoria Wu, Hailun Medina, Jorge Salehin, Khondaker M. Dong, Ziqian Rojas-Cessa, Roberto The Network and Innovation Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York Institute of Technology New YorkNY10023 United States Department of Computer Science University of Portland PortlandOR97203 United States The Networking and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New Jersey Institute of Technology NewarkNJ07102 United States

Real and effective regulation of contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and pollutants requires unbiased and truthful monitoring. Blockchain has emerged not only as an approach that provides verifiable economical interactions but also as a mechanism to keep the measurement, monitoring, incentivation of environmental conservationist practices and enforcement of policy. Here, we present a survey of areas in what blockchain has been considered as a response to concerns on keeping an accurate recording of environmental practices to monitor levels of pollution and management of environmental practices. We classify the applications of blockchain into different segments of concerns, such as greenhouse gas emissions, solid waste, water, plastics, food waste, and circular economy, and show the objectives for the addressed concerns. We also classify the different blockchains and the explored and designed properties as identified for the proposed solutions. At the end, we provide a discussion about the niches and challenges that remain for future research. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Circular economy

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Retinal disorder diagnosis based on hybrid deep learning models

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-25页

作者： Sedik, Ahmed El-Shafai, Walid El-Hag, Noha A. El-Banby, Ghada M. Abd El-Samie, Fathi E. Smart Systems Engineering Laboratory College of Engineering Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Kafrelsheikh University Kafr el-Sheikh Egypt Computer Science Department Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt The Higher Institute of Commercial Sciences Algarbia Al Mahalla Al Kubra31951 Egypt Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh11671 Saudi Arabia

Anomaly detection from medical images is badly needed for automated diagnosis. For example, medical images obtained with several modalities, such as magnetic resonance (MR) and confocal microscopy, need to be classified for anomaly detection. The MR images may contain tumors that need to be detected with anomaly detection techniques. In MR imaging, brain tumors are represented as areas composed of abnormal cells that need to be detected. On the other hand, confocal microscopy can be used for retinal imaging. Hence, there is a need to apply classification techniques for diagnosing diseases of the eye, such as Diabetic Retinopathy (DR), which leads to exudates in different regions of the retina. The detection of exudates is necessary for the diagnosis of DR. In this paper, two models are presented for the classification of MR and retinal images. Much research has been done in this area, but it did not achieve high accuracy of classification in an acceptable time. In addition, the previous models did not consider both types of image modalities considered in this paper. The suggested models are Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory (Conv-LSTM). They are used to classify normal and abnormal cases of both brain tumor and DR diseases. The CNN model is composed of six convolutional layers and six max-pooling layers. A soft-max activation function takes the classification decision. The proposed Conv-LSTM model is composed of three stages: pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification. The deep learning model performance is better than those of traditional networks. The CNN gives an accuracy of 94.26% for DR classification and 95.8% for brain tumor classification, while the Conv-LSTM gives the maximum accuracy of 96.41% for DR classification and 97.4% for brain tumor classification. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Confocal microscopy

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Computing Riemann zeros with light scattering

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yu, Sunkyu Piao, Xianji Park, Namkyoo Intelligent Wave Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Wave Engineering Laboratory School of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Seoul Seoul02504 Korea Republic of Photonic Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

Finding hidden order within disorder is a common interest in material science1,2, wave physics3,4, and mathematics5. The Riemann hypothesis, stating the locations of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function6, tentatively characterizes statistical order in the seemingly random distribution of prime numbers. This famous conjecture has inspired various connections with different branches of physics7, recently with non-Hermitian physics8,9, quantum field theory10, trapped-ion qubits11, and hyperuniformity12,13. Here we develop the computing platform for the Riemann zeta function by employing classical scattering of light. We show that the Riemann hypothesis suggests the landscape of semi-infinite optical scatterers for the perfect reflectionless condition under the Born approximation. To examine the validity of the scattering-based computation, we investigate the asymptotic behaviours of suppressed reflections with the increasing number of scatterers and the emergence of multiple scattering. The result provides another bridge between classical physics and the Riemann zeros, exhibiting the design of wave devices inspired by number theory. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Born approximation

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Arbitrarily polarized bound states in the continuum with twisted photonic crystal slabs

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第4期12卷 542-550页

作者： Haoye Qin Zengping Su Mengqi Liu Yixuan Zeng Man-Chung Tang Mengyao Li Yuzhi Shi Wei Huang Cheng-Wei Qiu Qinghua Song Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School Tsinghua UniversityShenzhen 518055China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore Institute of Precision Optical Engineering School of Physics Science and EngineeringTongji UniversityShanghai 200092China Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems Suzhou institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics(SINANO)Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)Suzhou 215123China

Arbitrary polarized vortex beam induced by polarization singularity offers a new platform for both classical optics and quantum entanglement *** states in the continuum(BICs)have been demonstrated to be associated with topological charge and vortex polarization singularities in momentum *** conventional symmetric photonic crystal slabs(PhCSs),BIC is enclosed by linearly polarized far fields with winding angle of 2π,which is unfavorable for high-capacity and multi-functionality integration-optics ***,we show that by breakingσz-symmetry of the PhCS,asymmetry in upward and downward directions and arbitrarily polarized BIC can be realized with a bilayer-twisted *** exhibits elliptical polarization states with constant ellipticity angle at every point in momentum space within the vicinity of *** topological nature of BIC reflects on the orientation angle of polarization state,with a topological charge of 1 for any value of ellipticity *** coverage of Poincarésphere(i.e.,-π/4≤X≤4 and-π/2≤ψ≤π/2)and higher-order Poincarésphere can be realized by tailoring the twist *** findings may open up new avenues for applications in structured light,quantum optics,and twistronics for photons.

关键词： Poincaré polarized twisted

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Understanding the Impact of Unobservable Variables on the Performance of Predictive Models: The Need for Feature Space Partitioning and Fusion

Understanding the Impact of Unobservable Variables on the Pe...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Juarez Garcia, Ezequiel Stephens, Chad L. Napoli, Nicholas J. Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Crew Systems & Aviation Operations Branch and System-Wide Safety Project NASA Langley Research Center HamptonVA23681 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

When developing predictive models over a dataset, the model is globally optimized across the entire feature space to learn a decision boundary. However, when unobservable variables—which cannot be measured or estimated—interact with the observable variables, this can negatively impact the optimization applied to the decision boundary since the data samples introduced by unobservable variables may have little to no association with the applied global optimization. This, consequently, penalizes the entire decision boundary and model performance. This paper examines some of the detrimental effects of unobservable variables, particularly their role in creating new modes in the distribution of observable variables and reducing the separ ability of class distributions. Such challenges result in unrepresentative training data, complex skewedor warped decision boundaries, and decreased accuracy of model predictions, particularly for interpretable models like logistic regression and decision trees. Through two illustrative case examples, we highlight the need to address the challenges imposed by unobservable variables. We propose a strategy to mitigate these challenges by creating local regions with in the feature space through partitioning. This enables the optimization of local models with inthe regions to overcome the impact of un observ ability and complex decision boundaries indifferent feature space localities. Research into a more sophisticated partitioning strategy and where the partition should be relative to the sample of interest is left as future work. Through the analysis of the impact of un observability and the development of a partitioning method, we demonstrate the clear need for a partitioning strategy that integrates knowledge from multiple local models to estimate risk factors using information fusion. Thus, we establish the foundation and motivation for using partitioning and information fusion to overcome the effects of unobserv ability in predictive mo

关键词： Information fusion

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Data-Driven Adaptive Control for Frequency Perturbations in Power systems with PV-SmartParks

Data-Driven Adaptive Control for Frequency Perturbations in ...

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Computational Intelligence for Energy, Transport and Environmental Sustainability (CIETES Companion), IEEE Symposia on

作者： Ali Arzani Ganesh K. Venayagamoorthy Holcombe Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Clemson University SC USA Department of Electrical Electronic and Computer Engineering University of Pretoria South Africa

ISBN: (数字)9798331519681

ISBN: (纸本)9798331519698

Seamless operation of PV plants during both transient and dynamic conditions is imperative for all stakeholders including energy control centers. Fast and dampened transient response, low steady-state error, and stability are sought for power system operation with PV plants. For PV power perturbation at point of interconnection (POI), this can be further supported by deploying auxiliary fast-acting non-synchronous generation such as SmartParks (SPs). SmartParks are parking lots with a large number of electric vehicles performing bidirectional power transfers, namely, vehicle-to-grid and grid-to-vehicle. In this study, a data-driven adaptive frequency controller (DD-AFC) was developed for SPs to compensate for frequency perturbations at PV-POI. The DD-AFC was incorporated into the controller of SPs to provide a fast response for frequency perturbations caused by PV-site power perturbations. The adaptiveness of the frequency droop comes from data-driven empirical characterization of the PV plant operation at the PV-site location using time-series data analytics. The DD-AFC supports fast-frequency control response by SPs for mitigating fast power perturbation at PV-POIs. The effectiveness of the DD-AFC was illustrated via real-time simulations of a bulk power system with a 210MW p PV plant and 100MW p of SmartParks in RTDS.

关键词： Automatic frequency control Time-frequency analysis Vehicle-to-grid Transient response Data analysis Perturbation methods Power system stability Adaptive control Transient analysis Vehicle dynamics

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Enhancing Breast Cancer Diagnosis with Multi-Resolution Vision Transformers and Robust Decision-Making

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 89704-89722页

作者： Sabry, Margo Balaha, Hossam Magdy Ali, Khadiga M. Soliman, Tayseer Hassan A. Gondim, Dibson Ghazal, Mohammed Alghamdi, Norah Saleh El-Baz, Ayman Assiut University Information Systems Department Asyut71511 Egypt University of Louisville J. B. Speed School of Engineering Bioengineering Department LouisvilleKY40292 United States Mansoura University Faculty of Medicine Pathology Department Mansoura35511 Egypt University of Louisville Laboratory Medicine Department of Pathology LouisvilleKY40292 United States Abu Dhabi University Electrical Computer and Biomedical Engineering Department Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University College of Computer and Information Sciences Department of Computer Sciences Riyadh11564 Saudi Arabia

This study aims to improve breast cancer (BC) diagnosis through a novel multi-resolution Vision Transformer (ViT)-based framework with ensemble decision-making, addressing limitations in traditional single-magnification models. The proposed framework uses multiscale feature extraction at three magnification levels (L0, L1, L2 or 16x, 4x, 2x) to capture both fine-grained and high-level tumor features. A stacking ensemble method combines predictions from ViT models trained at these levels, improving classification robustness. Postprocessing techniques, including region-growing and fast-marching level set algorithms, refine whole-slide image (WSI) prediction and postprocessing quality. Performance was evaluated via metrics such as precision, recall, the F1 score, accuracy, and specificity across 50 trials with perturbed conditions. The framework achieved a top accuracy of 97.08%, with precision and recall above 94%. The suggested stack configuration outperformed individual models and other stacking configurations, demonstrating balanced performance with minimal variability. Statistical analysis highlighted the reliability and consistency of the framework under perturbed conditions. The multi-resolution ViT-based framework significantly improves BC classification by integrating multiscale analysis and ensemble decision-making. Its high accuracy and robustness make it a valuable tool for reducing interobserver variability in digital pathology workflows. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Optimal Linear Deception Attacks on Remote State Estimation with Constrained Alarm Rates: A Low-Dimensional Case 63

Optimal Linear Deception Attacks on Remote State Estimation ...

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63rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, CDC 2024

作者： Shang, Jun Zhang, Hanwen Zhou, Jing Chen, Tongwen Tongji University Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems National Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Unmanned Systems Frontiers Science Center for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Department of Control Science and Engineering Shanghai200092 China University of Science and Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Knowledge Automation for Industrial Processes of Ministry of Education School of Automation and Electrical Engineering Beijing100083 China University of Alberta Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering EdmontonABT6G 1H9 Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350316339

This study addresses linear attacks on remote state estimation within the context of a constrained alarm rate. Smart sensors, which are equipped with local Kalman filters, transmit innovations instead of raw measurements through a wireless communication network. This transmission is vulnerable to malicious data interception and manipulation by attackers. The aim of this research is to identify the optimal attack strategy that degrades the system performance while adhering to stealthiness constraints. A notable innovation of this paper is the direct association of the attack's stealthiness with the alarm rate, diverging from traditional approaches that rely on the covariance of the innovation or the Kullback-Leibler divergence, which are conventional metrics that have been extensively explored in previous studies. Our findings reveal that the optimal attack strategy exhibits some structural characteristics in systems of low dimensions. The performance of the proposed attack strategy is demonstrated through numerical examples. © 2024 IEEE.

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