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IEEE computer Architecture Letters 2007年第2期6卷 49-52页

作者： Sendag, Resit Yi, Joshua J. Chuang, Peng-Fei Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Rhode Island Kingston RI United States Networking and Computing Systems Group Freescale Semiconductor Inc. Austin TX United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis MN United States

In this paper, we propose a new class of branch predictors, complementary branch predictors, which can be easily added to any branch predictor to improve the overall prediction accuracy. This mechanism differs from conventional branch predictors in that it focuses only on mispredicted branches. As a result, this mechanism has the advantages of scalability and flexibility (can be implemented with any branch predictor), but is not on the critical path. More specifically, this mechanism improves the branch prediction accuracy by predicting which future branch will be mispredicted next and when that will occur, and then it changes the predicted direction at the predicted time. Our results show that a branch predictor with the branch misprediction predictor achieves the same prediction accuracy as a conventional branch predictor that is 4 to 16 times larger, but without significantly increasing the overall complexity or lengthening the critical path.

关键词： Probability

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Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic mapper reflective bands

Updated radiometric calibration for the Landsat-5 thematic m...

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作者： Helder, Dennis L. Markham, Brian L. Thome, Kurtis J. Barsi, Julia A. Chander, Gyanesh Malla, Rimy Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 United States Landsat Project Science Office NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 United States Remote Sensing Group Optical Sciences Center University of Arizona Tucson AZ 85721 United States Science Systems and Applications Inc. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Greenbelt MD 20771 United States Science Applications International Corporation U.S. Geological Survey Center for Earth Resources Observation and Science Sioux Falls SD 57198 United States Image Processing Laboratory South Dakota State University Brookings SD 57007 United States

The Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) has been the workhorse of the Landsat system. Launched in 1984, it continues collecting data through the time frame of this paper. Thus, it provides an invaluable link to the past history of the land features of the Earth's surface, and it becomes imperative to provide an accurate radiometric calibration of the reflective bands to the user community. Previous calibration has been based on information obtained from prelaunch, the onboard calibrator, vicarious calibration attempts, and cross-calibration with Landsat-7. Currently, additional data sources are available to improve this calibration. Specifically, improvements in vicarious calibration methods and development of the use of pseudoinvariant sites for trending provide two additional independent calibration sources. The use of these additional estimates has resulted in a consistent calibration approach that ties together all of the available calibration data sources. Results from this analysis indicate a simple exponential, or a constant model may be used for all bands throughout the lifetime of Landsat-5 TM. Where previously time constants for the exponential models were approximately one year, the updated model has significantly longer time constants in bands 1-3. In contrast, bands 4, 5, and 7 are shown to be best modeled by a constant. The models proposed in this paper indicate calibration knowledge of 5% or better early in life, decreasing to nearly 2% later in life. These models have been implemented at the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) and are the default calibration used for all Landsat TM data now distributed through EROS. © 2008 IEEE.

关键词： Landsat

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A Converter Topology to Interface Low Voltage Solar/Fuel Cell Type Energy Sources to Electric Utility

A Converter Topology to Interface Low Voltage Solar/Fuel Cel...

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23rd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC 2008), vol.1

作者： L. Palma P. Enjeti N. Denniston J. L. Duran-Gomez Department of Electrical Engineering Universidad de Concepción Casilla 160 C Correo 3 Chile Power Electronics & Fuel Cell Power Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Texas A&M University College Station 77843-3128 USA Power Electronics Laboratory Graduate Studies and Research Division Chihuahua Institute of Technology Chih. 31310 México

Solar and Fuel Cells are some of the most promising energy sources for future energy generation. However due to their variable and low magnitude voltage a power conditioner capable of providing a large voltage gain is required. This is especially true in applications supplying power to AC loads or the electric grid in which a voltage gain around 8 p.u. is required. The traditional approach to implement the power conditioner in single phase applications is by cascading an isolated DC-DC converter with a DC-AC inverter. However this results in a system of larger size and cost due to the need of a high frequency transformer and the presence of a large second harmonic component in the DC link current. An alternative to the traditional approach is presented in this paper in which a high gain transformer-less DC-DC converter and Z-source inverter are used. It is shown that due to inductor losses the maximum voltage gain of the Z-source inverter is limited. And therefore a two stage approach is a more suitable solution. It is also shown, by means of simulations, that by combining the Z-source inverter with the transformer less DC-DC converter a system with improved performance is obtained.

关键词： Topology Low voltage Fuel cells Power industry Inverters DC-DC power converters Solar power generation Power supplies Costs Frequency

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Dual band Antennas using Metamaterial Transmission Lines

Dual band Antennas using Metamaterial Transmission Lines

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2008 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI 2008), vol.8

作者： Jae-Hyun Park Young-Ho Ryu Seung-Wook Lee Jeong-Hae Lee Eun-Seok Park Young-Eil Kim Department of Electronic Information and Communication Engineering Hongik University Seoul South Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea Embedded Systems Solution Laboratory Samsung Advanced Institute of Technology Yongin si Gyeonggi South Korea

ISBN: (纸本)9781424420414

The planar metamaterial transmission (MTL) line is a consequence of extraordinary permittivity and permeability. As it is known well, the composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) has unique property of an infinite-wavelength wave at specific non-zero frequency because of zero permittivity and permeability [1-2]. Recently, the infinite wavelength resonator antenna based on the fundamental infinite wavelength property of artificial epsilon-negative (ENG) and mu-negative (MNG) TLs was also presented [3-4]. In this paper, dual band antennas using epsilon zero resonance (EZR) and mu zero resonance (MZR) are presented. Since an infinite wavelength of artificial ENG and MNG TLs occurs when their permittivity and permeability are zero, the resonance frequency does not depend on its electrical length. To design dual-band antennas, two ENG and MNG resonators with different resonance frequency which supports the infinite wavelength are analyzed. The resulting characteristics of dual band antennas using the metamaterial TLs will be presented.

关键词： dual band antennas resonant frequencies left-handed materials Electronystagmography Dielectric constant Transmission Lines Infinite wavelengths Zero Permeability

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Flexible controller design and its application for concurrent execution of buffer centric dataflows

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Journal of VLSI Signal Processing systems for Signal, Image, and Video Technology 2007年第3期47卷 233-257页

作者： Mun, Junhee Cho, Shung Han Hong, Sangjin Mobile Systems Design Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Stony Brook University-SUNY Stony Brook NY 11794-2350 United States

This paper presents a flexible controller structure for concurrent processing of memory centric coarse grain data flows. We propose a design flow based on block level pipelining where concurrency among processing blocks is fully maintained. The controller is dynamically reconfigurable to support dynamic data-flow structure changes by localizing control signals. The proposed control design method isolates controllers and processing logics such that system integration is simplified while controllers are locally configured from orthogonal global information. The controller also supports interfacing with external processors for asynchronous processing. The controller for heterogeneous processing blocks is synthesized and verified using Verilog and SystemC on FPGA. We present an example demonstrating the effectiveness of the controllers where dynamic reconfiguration of the execution is feasible. © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2007.

关键词： Concurrent engineering

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Experiences Gained during the Development of a Passive BSAR with GNSS Transmitters of Opportunity

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International Journal of Navigation and Observation 2008年第1期2008卷

作者： M. Cherniakov Rajesh Saini Michael Antoniou Rui Zuo Eleftherios Plakidis Microwave Integrated Systems Laboratory (MISL) Department of Electronic Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UKbham.ac.uk

This paper presents an overview of the research conducted at University of Birmingham. It highlights and briefly discusses various systems parameters (e.g., resolution, power budget), problems (e.g., interference, heterodyne channel Doppler compensation), and signal processing algorithms (imaging, synchronization) required for successfully obtaining an image. The GLONASS satellite is used for experiential confirmation of the main results. All these results are presented and briefly discussed.

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Combined resonance and resonant detection of modulated terahertz radiation in a micromachined high-electron mobility transistor

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physica status solidi c 2008年第1期5卷

作者： Yabo Hu Maxim Ryzhii Ichiro Hagiwara Michael S. Shur Victor Ryzhii Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan Computer Solid State Physics Laboratory University of Aizu Aizu-Wakamatsu 965-8580 Japan Department of Electrical Computer and Systems Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy NY 12180 USA

We analyze the operation of a resonant detector of modulated terahertz (THz) radiation based on a micromachined high-electron mobility transistor (HEMT) with a microcantilever (MC) as mechanically floating gate. Using the device model, which describes both MC mechanical motion and plasma effects in the HEMT twodimensional electron channel, we calculate the output gate and source-drain ac currents and the detector responsivity as functions of the modulation and carrier frequencies in linear and saturation regimes of the HEMT operation. It is shown that the THz detector responsivity exhibit sharp and high maxima under the conditions of both mechanical and plasma resonances. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

关键词： 72.20.Ht 72.30.+q 73.20.Mf 85.30.Tv 85.85.+j

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Architectural support for the stream execution model on general-purpose processors

Architectural support for the stream execution model on gene...

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16th International Conference on Parallel Architecture and Compilation Techniques, PACT 2007

作者： Gummaraju, Jayanth Erez, Mattan Coburn, Joel Rosenblum, Mendel Dally, William J. Computer Systems Laboratory Stanford University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Texas Austin TX United States

ISBN: (纸本)0769529445

There has recently been much interest in stream processing, both in industry (e.g., Cell, NVIDIA G80, ATI R580) and academia (e.g., Stanford Merrimac, MIT RAW), with stream programs becoming increasingly popular for both media and more general-purpose computing. Although a special style of programming called stream programming is needed to target these stream architectures, huge performance benefits can be achieved. In this paper, we minimally add architectural features to commodity general-purpose processors (e.g., Intel/AMD) to efficiently support the stream execution model. We design the extensions to reuse existing components of the general-purpose processor hardware as much as possible by investigating low-cost modifications to the CPU caches, hardware prefetcher, and the execution core. With a less than 1% increase in die area along with judicious use of a software runtime system, we can efficiently support stream programming on traditional processor cores. We evaluate our techniques by running scientific applications on a cycle-level simulation system. The results show that our system executes stream programs as efficiently as possible, limited only by the ALU performance and the memory bandwidth needed to feed the ALUs. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： computer architecture

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Comments on "a general theory of phase noise in electrical oscillators"

Comments on "a general theory of phase noise in electrical o...

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作者： Jannesari, Abumoslem Kamarei, Mahmoud Integrated Wireless Communication Systems Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Tehran Tehran Iran

The frequency-domain analysis has been used to calculate the oscillator phase response for the known noise spectrum with the assumed impulse sensitivity function (ISF). This analysis gives new view to the phase noise calculation in the general phase noise theory and fixes a few errors of this theory caused from the time-domain analysis. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Phase noise

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American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine consensus report on potential bioeffects of diagnostic ultrasound: Executive summary

American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine consensus repor...

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作者： Fowlkes, J. Brian Abramowicz, Jacques S. Church, Charles C. Holland, Christy K. Miller, Douglas L. O'Brien Jr., William D. Sanghvi, Narendra T. Stratmeyer, Melvin E. Zachary, James F. Deng, Cheri X. Harris, Gerald R. Herman, Bruce A. Hynynen, Kullervo H. Merritt, Christopher R. B. Thomenius, Kai E. Bailey, Michael R. Carson, Paul L. Carstensen, Edwin L. Frizzell, Leon A. Nyborg, Wesley L. Barnett, Stanley B. Duck, Francis A. Edmonds, Peter D. Ziskin, Marvin C. Abbott, John G. Dalecki, Diane Dunn, Floyd Greenleaf, James F. Salvesen, Kjell A. Siddiqi, Tariq A. Averkiou, Michalakis A. Brayman, Andrew A. Everbach, E. Carr Wible Jr., James H. Wu, Junru Simpson, Douglas G. Basic Radiological Sciences Division Department of Radiology University of Michigan Health System 200 Zina Pitcher Pl Ann Arbor MI 48109-0553 United States Department of Radiology University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI United States Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Rush University Medical Center Chicago IL United States National Center for Physical Acoustics University of Mississippi University MS United States Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Radiology University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH United States Bioacoustics Research Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Illinois Urbana IL United States Focus Surgery Inc. Indianapolis IN United States US Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health Silver Spring MD United States Department of Veterinary Pathobiology University of Illinois Urbana IL United States Department of Biomedical Engineering Case Western Reserve University Cleveland OH United States Department of Radiology Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston MA United States Department of Radiology Thomas Jefferson University Hospital Philadelphia PA United States General Electric Global Research Niskayuna NY United States Applied Physics Laboratory University of Washington Seattle WA United States Rochester NY United States Burlington VT United States School of Biomedical Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Wessex Regional Medical Physics Service Royal United Hospital Combe Park Bath United Kingdom Menlo Park CA United States Department of Radiology Temple University Philadelphia PA United States Food and Drug Administration Center for Devices and Radiological Health Silver Spring MD United States Philips Medical Systems Bothell WA United States Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Rochester Rochester NY United States Urbana IL United States Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineer

The continued examination of potential biological effects of ultrasound and their relationship to clinical practice is a key element in evaluating the safety of diagnostic ultrasound. Periodically, the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) sponsors conferences bringing experts together to examine the literature on ultrasound bioeffects and to develop conclusions and recommendations related to diagnostic ultrasound. The most recent effort included the examination of effects whose origins were thermal or nonthermal, with separate evaluations for potential effects related to fetal ultrasound. In addition, potential effects due to the introduction of ultrasound contrast agents were summarized. This information can be used to assess risks in comparison to the benefits of diagnostic ultrasound. The conclusions and recommendations are organized into 5 broad categories, with a comprehensive background and evaluation of each topic provided in the corresponding articles in this issue. The following summary is not meant as a substitute for the detailed examination of issues presented in each of the articles but rather as a means to facilitate further study of this consensus report and implementation of its recommendations. The conclusions and recommendations are the result of several rounds of deliberations at the consensus conference, subsequent review by the Bioeffects Committee of the AIUM, and approval by the AIUM Board of Governors. © 2008 by the American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine.

关键词： Ultrasonics

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