Injection-locked clocking (ILC) has been proposed previously to improve the skew and jitter performance while reducing the power consumption in multi-gigahertz clock distribution networks. This paper presents a new de...
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Injection-locked clocking (ILC) has been proposed previously to improve the skew and jitter performance while reducing the power consumption in multi-gigahertz clock distribution networks. This paper presents a new design of the injection-locked oscillator (ILO) suitable for ILC applications. It uses a transformer to generate differential signals and then directly inject them into the ILO core. It also incorporates a switched-capacitor array for frequency tuning and hence digital deskew in ILC. A 4 GHz test chip was designed and fabricated in a 0.18 mum standard digital CMOS. It consists of four ILOs driven by a balanced H-tree. Each ILO consumes less than 1 mW from a 1 V power supply. 5-bit digital deskew achieves 55 ps delay tuning range and 1.8 ps resolution. Measurement shows that only 30 fs cycle-to-cycle jitter degradation was introduced and no phase noise degradation at frequency offset up to 600 kHz.
PSO is a powerful evolutionary algorithm used for finding global solution to a multidimensional problem. Particles in PSO tend to re-explore already visited bad solution regions of search space because they do not lea...
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PSO is a powerful evolutionary algorithm used for finding global solution to a multidimensional problem. Particles in PSO tend to re-explore already visited bad solution regions of search space because they do not learn as a whole. This is avoided by restricting particles into promising regions through probabilistic modeling of the archive of best solutions. This paper presents hybrids of estimation of distribution algorithm and two PSO variants. These algorithms are tested on benchmark functions having high dimensionalities. Results indicate that the methods strengthen the global optimization abilities of PSO and therefore, serve as attractive choices to determine solutions to optimization problems in areas including sensor networks.
Although space mapping is a powerful optimization and modeling methodology, it is not always straightforward to implement, especially if one wants to use some advanced techniques and employ commercial simulators in th...
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Although space mapping is a powerful optimization and modeling methodology, it is not always straightforward to implement, especially if one wants to use some advanced techniques and employ commercial simulators in the automatic optimization loop. The SMF system is a user-friendly space mapping software that is designed to make space mapping accessible to engineers inexperienced in this technology. SMF allows automatic or interactive space-mapping-based constrained optimization, modeling and statistical analysis. It incorporates most of the existing space mapping techniques including input, output, implicit, and frequency space mapping as well as the latest developments such as space-mapping based interpolation and advanced modeling techniques. SMF provides sockets to popular EM/circuit simulators including Sonnet em, MEFiSTo, ADS, and FEKO. In this paper we give a brief introduction to space mapping methodology as well as an exposition of the SMF system with special focus on its optimization interfaces. An SMF application example is given.
The problem of convergence properties of space mapping optimization algorithms is addressed. A new weighting scheme in the parameter extraction procedure is introduced that allows us to control the behavior of the spa...
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The problem of convergence properties of space mapping optimization algorithms is addressed. A new weighting scheme in the parameter extraction procedure is introduced that allows us to control the behavior of the space mapping algorithm and force it to converge after a reasonable number of fine model evaluations. An application example is provided.
Two feedback controllers that induce stable running gaits on a three-degree-of-freedom asymmetric hopper, termed the asymmetric spring loaded inverted pendulum (ASLIP), see Fig. 1, are compared in terms of their stead...
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Two feedback controllers that induce stable running gaits on a three-degree-of-freedom asymmetric hopper, termed the asymmetric spring loaded inverted pendulum (ASLIP), see Fig. 1, are compared in terms of their steady-state and transient behaviors. In each case, feedback is used to create a lower-dimensional hybrid subsystem that determines the existence and stability properties of periodic motions of the full-dimensional closed-loop system. The first controller creates a one degree-of-freedom subsystem through imposing two suitably selected (virtual) holonomic constraints on the configuration variables of the ASLIP. The second controller asymptotically imposes a single (virtual) holonomic constraint to create a two-degree-of-freedom subsystem that is diffeomorphic to a standard spring loaded inverted pendulum (SLIP). The two controllers induce identical steady-state behaviors. Under transient conditions, however, the underlying compliant nature of the SLIP allows significantly larger disturbances to be accommodated, with less actuator effort, and without violation of the unilateral constraints between the leg end and the ground.
Systolic arrays may prove ideal structures for the representation and the mapping of many applications concerning various numerical and non-numerical scientific applications. Especially, some formulation of Dynamic Pr...
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Systolic arrays may prove ideal structures for the representation and the mapping of many applications concerning various numerical and non-numerical scientific applications. Especially, some formulation of Dynamic Programming (DP) - a commonly used technique for solving a wide variety of discrete optimization problems, such as scheduling, string-editing, packaging, and inventory management can be solved in parallel on systolic arrays as matrix-vector products. Systolic arrays usually have a very high rate of I/O and are well suited for intensive parallel operations Herein is a description of the FPGA hardware implementation of a matrix-vector multiplication algorithm designed to produce a unidirectional systolic array representation.
This paper deals with an analysis of applicability, capabilities, benefits and pitfalls of using a virtual potential field approach to autonomously planning trajectories in non-communicating autonomous underwater vehi...
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This paper deals with an analysis of applicability, capabilities, benefits and pitfalls of using a virtual potential field approach to autonomously planning trajectories in non-communicating autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV-s). Virtual potentials represent an approach to this problem with cross-layer design features. Examples of different layers of control that can be achieved with the same fundamental approach are: obstacle-avoidance, energy-optimal trajectories, forming up with other moving agents, controlled formation fragmentation into well-posed sub-formation etc. This paper shows, on the basis of extensive simulated experiments, that such a trajectory planner based on virtual potentials, guarantees good extendibility, scalability and performance in a hard-real-time hardware-in-the-loop system.
The work presented in this paper deals with the process of transfer function identification by using self-oscillation method (autotuning identification method). The algorithm is given in a general matrix form and some...
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The work presented in this paper deals with the process of transfer function identification by using self-oscillation method (autotuning identification method). The algorithm is given in a general matrix form and some modifications are introduced. The modifications of the algorithm include augmentation of the initial algorithm for Type k systems, systems with delays and discrete-time systems. The paper also includes simulation examples which describe the introduced modifications. Apart from being rather simple, this method is applicable to real systems. Its greatest advantage is quick identification of a transfer function (depends on the system).
Dependability requirements such as safety and availability often conflict with one another making the development of dependable systems challenging. It is not always possible to design a system that fulfils all of its...
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We consider the problem of rate allocation in a Gaussian multiple-access channel, with the goal of maximizing a utility function over transmission rates. In contrast to the literature which focuses on linear utility f...
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We consider the problem of rate allocation in a Gaussian multiple-access channel, with the goal of maximizing a utility function over transmission rates. In contrast to the literature which focuses on linear utility functions, we study general concave utility functions. We present a gradient projection algorithm for this problem. Since the constraint set of the problem is described by exponentially many constraints, methods that use exact projections are computationally intractable. Therefore, we develop a new method that uses approximate projections. We use the polymatroid structure of the capacity region to show that the approximate projection can be implemented by a recursive algorithm in time polynomial in the number of users. We further propose another algorithm for implementing the approximate projections using rate-splitting and show improved bounds on its convergence time.
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