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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chang, Zhan-Lun Han, Dong-Jun Parasnis, Rohit Hosseinalipour, Seyyedali Brinton, Christopher G. Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Yonsei University Seoul Korea Republic of The Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology CambridgeMA02139 United States Department of Electrical Engineering University at Buffalo-SUNY BuffaloNY14260 United States

While most existing federated learning (FL) approaches assume a fixed set of clients in the system, in practice, clients can dynamically leave or join the system depending on their needs or interest in the specific task. This dynamic FL setting introduces several key challenges: (1) the objective function dynamically changes depending on the current set of clients, unlike traditional FL approaches that maintain a static optimization goal;(2) the current global model may not serve as the best initial point for the next FL rounds and could potentially lead to slow adaptation, given the possibility of clients leaving or joining the system. In this paper, we consider a dynamic optimization objective in FL that seeks the optimal model tailored to the currently active set of clients. Building on our probabilistic framework that provides direct insights into how the arrival and departure of different types of clients influence the shifts in optimal points, we establish an upper bound on the optimality gap, accounting for factors such as stochastic gradient noise, local training iterations, non-IIDness of data distribution, and deviations between optimal points caused by dynamic client pattern. We also propose an adaptive initial model construction strategy that employs weighted averaging guided by gradient similarity, prioritizing models trained on clients whose data characteristics align closely with the current one, thereby enhancing adaptability to the current clients. The proposed approach is validated on various datasets and FL algorithms, demonstrating robust performance across diverse client arrival and departure patterns, underscoring its effectiveness in dynamic FL environments. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Federated learning

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Directly wireless communication of human minds via non-invasive brain-computer-metasurface platform

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eLight 2022年第1期2卷 132-142页

作者： Qian Ma Wei Gao Qiang Xiao Lingsong Ding Tianyi Gao Yajun Zhou Xinxin Gao Tao Yan Che Liu Ze Gu Xianghong Kong Qammer HAbbasi Lianlin Li Cheng‑Wei Qiu Yuanqing Li Tie Jun Cui Institute of Electromagnetic Space Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave Southeast UniversityNanjing 210096China Center of Intelligent Metamaterials Pazhou Laboratory Guangzhou 510330China Research Center for Brain-Computer Interface Pazhou LabGuangzhou 510330China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore University of Glasgow James Watt School of EngineeringGlasgow G128QQUK State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Department of ElectronicsPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

Brain-computer interfaces(BCIs),invasive or non-invasive,have projected unparalleled vision and promise for assisting patients in need to better their interaction with the *** by the BCI-based rehabilitation technologies for nerve-system impairments and amputation,we propose an electromagnetic brain-computer-metasurface(EBCM)paradigm,regulated by human’s cognition by brain signals directly and *** experimentally show that our EBCM platform can translate human’s mind from evoked potentials of P300-based electroencephalography to digital coding information in the electromagnetic domain non-invasively,which can be further processed and transported by an information metasurface in automated and wireless *** wireless communications of the human minds are performed between two EBCM operators with accurate text ***,several other proof-of-concept mind-control schemes are presented using the same EBCM platform,exhibiting flexibly-customized capabilities of information processing and synthesis like visual-beam scanning,wave modulations,and pattern encoding.

关键词： communication computer surface

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Performance Analysis and Optimization of Reconfigurable Multi-Functional Surface Assisted Wireless Communications

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Wang, Wen Ni, Wanli Tian, Hui Al-Dhahir, Naofal The State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Dallas RichardsonTX75080 United States

Although reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can improve the performance of wireless networks by smartly reconfiguring the radio environment, existing passive RISs face two key challenges, i.e., double-fading attenuation and dependence on grid/battery. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a new RIS architecture, called multi-functional RIS (MF-RIS). Different from conventional reflecting-only RIS, the proposed MF-RIS is capable of supporting multiple functions with one surface, including signal reflection, amplification, and energy harvesting. As such, our MF-RIS is able to overcome the double-fading attenuation by harvesting energy from incident signals. Through theoretical analysis, we derive the achievable capacity of an MF-RIS-aided communication network. Compared to the capacity achieved by the existing self-sustainable RIS, we derive the number of reflective elements required for MF-RIS to outperform self-sustainable RIS. To realize a self-sustainable communication system, we investigate the use of MF-RIS in improving the sum-rate of multi-user wireless networks. Specifically, we solve a non-convex optimization problem by jointly designing the transmit beamforming and MF-RIS coefficients. As an extension, we investigate a resource allocation problem in a practical scenario with imperfect channel state information. By approximating the semi-infinite constraints with the S-procedure and the general sign-definiteness, we propose a robust beamforming scheme to combat the inevitable channel estimation errors. Finally, numerical results show that: 1) compared to the self-sustainable RIS, MF-RIS can strike a better balance between energy self-sustainability and throughput improvement;and 2) unlike reflecting-only RIS which can be deployed near the transmitter or receiver, MF-RIS should be deployed closer to the transmitter for higher spectrum efficiency. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Energy harvesting

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Pioneering Deterministic Scheduling and Network Structure Optimization for Time-Critical Computing Tasks in Industrial IoT

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hu, Yujiao Zhu, Yining Zhang, Huayu Pan, Yan Jia, Qingmin Xie, Renchao Yang, Gang Yu, F. Richard Future Network Research Center Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710029 China Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory National University of Defense Technology China The State Key Laboratory of networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has become a critical technology to accelerate the process of digital and intelligent transformation of industries. As the cooperative relationship between smart devices in IIoT becomes more complex, getting deterministic responses of IIoT periodic time-critical computing tasks becomes a crucial and nontrivial problem. However, few current works in cloud/edge/fog computing focus on this problem. This paper is a pioneer to explore the deterministic scheduling and network structural optimization problems for IIoT periodic time-critical computing tasks. We first formulate the two problems and derive theorems to help quickly identify computation and network resource sharing conflicts. Based on this, we propose a deterministic scheduling algorithm, IIoTBroker, which realizes deterministic response for each IIoT task by optimizing the fine-grained computation and network resources allocations, and a network optimization algorithm, IIoTDeployer, providing a cost-effective structural upgrade solution for existing IIoT networks. Our methods are illustrated to be cost-friendly, scalable, and deterministic response guaranteed with low computation cost from our simulation results. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Internet of things

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Multidimensional Voronoi Constellations vs. Short Blocklength Probabilistic Shaping: A Comparison for Multilevel Coding Approach

Multidimensional Voronoi Constellations vs. Short Blocklengt...

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Asia Communications and Photonics Conference and Exhibition (ACP)

作者： Yajie Sheng Bin Chen Yi Lei Jingxin Deng Jiwei Xu Mengfan Fu Qunbi Zhuge Shen Li Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China Department of Electronic Engineering State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Centre of Optics Photonics and Lasers (COPL) Université Laval Québec Canada

Performance of concatenated multilevel coding with probabilistic shaping (PS) and Voronoi constellations (VCs) is analysed over AWGN channel. Numerical results show that VCs provide up to 1.3 dB SNR gains over PS-QAM ... 详细信息

ISBN: (数字)9798350379266

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379273

关键词： AWGN channels Wireless communication Optical fibers Probabilistic logic Optical fiber communication Encoding Complexity theory Gain Photonics Signal to noise ratio

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CoRaiS: Lightweight Real-Time Scheduler for Multi-Edge Cooperative Computing

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hu, Yujiao Jia, Qingmin Chen, Jinchao Yao, Yuan Pan, Yan Xie, Renchao Yu, F. Richard Future Network Research Center Purple Mountain Laboratories Nanjing211111 China The School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'An710029 China Science and Technology on Information Systems Engineering Laboratory National University of Defense Technology China The State Key Laboratory of networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China The Department of Systems and Computer Engineering Carleton University Ottawa Canada

Multi-edge cooperative computing that combines constrained resources of multiple edges into a powerful resource pool has the potential to deliver great benefits, such as a tremendous computing power, improved response time, more diversified services. However, the mass heterogeneous resources composition and lack of scheduling strategies make the modeling and cooperating of multi-edge computing system particularly complicated. This paper first proposes a system-level state evaluation model to shield the complex hardware configurations and redefine the different service capabilities at heterogeneous edges. Secondly, an integer linear programming model is designed to cater for optimally dispatching the distributed arriving requests. Finally, a learning-based lightweight real-time scheduler, CoRaiS, is proposed. CoRaiS embeds the real-time states of multi-edge system and requests information, and combines the embeddings with a policy network to schedule the requests, so that the response time of all requests can be minimized. Evaluation results verify that CoRaiS can make a high-quality scheduling decision in real time, and can be generalized to other multi-edge computing system, regardless of system scales. Characteristic validation also demonstrates that CoRaiS successfully learns to balance loads, perceive real-time state and recognize heterogeneity while scheduling. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Edge computing

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Improved High-Speed Thermal Analysis Based on Two-Step Simulation for High-Frequency Transformers

Improved High-Speed Thermal Analysis Based on Two-Step Simul...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Zheyuan Yi Kai Sun Qiang Li Zengyang Liu Department of Electrical Engineering State Key Laboratory of Power System Tsinghua University Beijing China Delta Electronics Shanghai Co. Ltd. Shanghai China The Bradley Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State Center for Power Electronics Systems University Blacksburg Virginia USA

ISBN: (数字)9798331516116

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516123

Thermal analysis is a crucial and time-consuming step in the optimization design process of high-frequency transformers (HFTs). This paper proposes an improved thermal analysis method based on heat dissipation-conduction two-step simulation, significantly reducing the computation time while ensuring the accuracy of thermal analysis. Simulation results validate the accuracy and of the proposed method and demonstrate that the proposed method saves 82% of computation time for a single thermal analysis case compared to direct CFD. Experimental results further verify the accuracy of the proposed method. An exemplary application of the proposed method in the optimization design of the HFT illustrates a 98% reduction in computation time for thermal analysis during the optimization process.

关键词： Heating systems Temperature distribution Accuracy Simulation Computational modeling Thermal analysis High-frequency transformers Optimization Surface treatment Heat transfer

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Dual-beam photothermal material trace detection method based on self-mixing interference

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Applied Optics 2025年第16期64卷 4549-4558页

作者： Zhao, Yan Zhi, Yunlong Zhao, Hui Dong, Daming Tong, Jigang Tu, Chunling School of Electrical Engineering and Automation Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin300384 China Tianjin Key Laboratory for Control Theory and Applications in Complicated Systems Tianjin300384 China National Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Agricultural Equipment Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Beijing100097 China Department of Computer Systems Engineering Faculty of ICT Tshwane University of Technology Pretoria0188 South Africa

In this paper, a dual-beam photothermal self-mixing substance trace detection system is proposed. The crystal violet (CV) solution of the sample undergoes a thermal lens effect under the action of pump photoperiod excitation, and the refractive index changes cause the deviation of the probe beam, and the self-mixing interference (SMI) effect occurs when the modulated light returns to the cavity. By combining theoretical and experimental results, the power fluctuation of the SMI signal caused by the thermo-optic effect is linearly related to CV concentration and other parameters. At an excitation power of 24 mW, the detection limit can reach 8.0 × 10−8 mol/L. This method does not require labeling or complex CV pretreatment and has high sensitivity and flexibility, providing a guide for CV characterization in biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical research. © 2025 Optica Publishing Group.

关键词： Gaussian beams Laser beams Optical fields Phase shift Refractive index Spatial resolution

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Non-Convex Potential Games for Finding Global Solutions to Sensor Network Localization

Non-Convex Potential Games for Finding Global Solutions to S...

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European Control Conference (ECC)

作者： Gehui Xu Guanpu Chen Yiguang Hong Baris Fidan Thomas Parisini Karl H. Johansson Key Laboratory of Systems and Control Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Beijing China Division of Decision and Control Systems School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji University Shanghai China Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems Shanghai China Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Imperial College London London UK Department of Engineering and Architecture University of Trieste Trieste Italy

ISBN: (数字)9783907144107

ISBN: (纸本)9798331540920

Sensor network localization (SNL) problems require determining the physical coordinates of all sensors in a network. This process relies on the global coordinates of anchors and the available measurements between non-anchor and anchor nodes. Attributed to the intrinsic non-convexity, obtaining a globally optimal solution to SNL is challenging, as well as implementing corresponding algorithms. In this paper, we formulate a non-convex multi-player potential game for a generic SNL problem to investigate the identification condition of the global Nash equilibrium (NE) therein, where the global NE represents the global solution of SNL. We employ canonical duality theory to transform the non-convex game into a complementary dual problem. Then we develop a conjugation-based algorithm to compute the stationary points of the complementary dual problem. On this basis, we show an identification condition of the global NE: the stationary point of the proposed algorithm satisfies a duality relation. Finally, simulation results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the theoretical results.

关键词： Location awareness Coordinate measuring machines Simulation Current measurement Noise Europe Games

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Network of Microgrids: Opportunities and Challenges

Network of Microgrids: Opportunities and Challenges

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Grid Edge Technologies Conference & Exposition (Grid Edge), IEEE PES

作者： Kyle A. Skeen G. Kumar Venayagamoorthy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Real-Time Power and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Clemson University SC USA University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban South Africa

Microgrids are a promising technology to achieve the sustainability goals set by the UN to fight against climate change, create affordable and clean energy, sustainable cities and communities, and economic growth by creating a reliable, resilient, green power infrastructure. There are limitations to the benefits that microgrids can provide. To overcome the limitations and bolster the benefits of individual microgrids, they can be interconnected, creating a network of microgrids (NoMs). NoMs have many benefits that individual microgrids cannot accomplish, such as participating in power interchange between connected microgrids and the utility grid. This will increase reliability and resiliency and create economic benefits for the participants of NoMs. Challenges exist in NoMs, including data analysis, communication, and cyber-security to operations and management of the NoMs. This paper will go over the benefits that NoMs can provide and the challenges currently being researched in academia.

关键词： Climate change Microgrids Renewable energy sources Sustainable development Market opportunities Energy management

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