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Characterising acute and chronic care needs: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Nature communications 2025年第1期16卷 4235-4235页

作者： Cecilia Anza-Ramirez J. Jaime Miranda Benedetta Armocida Jorge César Correia Harriette Gillian Christine Van Spall David Beran Amirali Aali Kalkidan Hassen Abate Semagn Mekonnen Abate Cristiana Abbafati Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari Zeinab Abbasi-Kangevari Zahra Aryan Sina Azadnajafabad Mohammadreza Azangou-Khyavy Seyyed-Hadi Ghamari Mohammad Keykhaei Javad Khanali Sara Momtazmanesh Fateme Montazeri Shayan Rahmani Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi Nazila Rezaei Negar Rezaei Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam Ali-Asghar Kolahi Ali Nikoobar Hedayat Abbastabar Ahmed M. Abdel-Azeem Michael Abdelmasseh Juan Sanabria Sherief Abd-Elsalam Ahmed Abdelwahab Gholamreza Abdoli Mohammad Abdollahi Meriem Abdoun Deldar Morad Abdulah Abu Yousuf Md Abdullah Ame Mehadi Abdurehman Getachew Abebe Aidin Abedi Chirag P. Doshi Vida Abedi Hassan Abidi Richard Gyan Aboagye Hassan Abolhassani Nima Rezaei Lucas Guimarães Abreu Michael R. M. Abrigo Yonas Derso Abtew Hiwa Abubaker Ali Eman Abu-Gharbieh Hiba Jawdat Barqawi Rabih Halwani Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad Iman M. Talaat Ahmed Abu-Zaid Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi Juan Manuel Acuna Denberu Eshetie Adane Tigist Demssew Adane Isaac Yeboah Addo Giovanni Addolorato Oluwafemi Atanda Adeagbo Victor Adekanmbi Miracle Ayomikun Adesina Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa Olatunji O. Adetokunboh Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi Muhammad Sohail Afzal Saira Afzal Gina Agarwal Prerna Agarwal Pradyumna Agasthi Anurag Agrawal Marcela Agudelo-Botero Adolfo Martinez-Valle Bright Opoku Ahinkorah Aqeel Ahmad Sajjad Ahmad Sohail Ahmad Tauseef Ahmad Ali Ahmadi Siamak Sabour Keivan Ahmadi Sanjay Basu Sepideh Ahmadi Ali Ahmed Shaun Wen Huey Lee Ayman Ahmed Haroon Ahmed Jivan Qasim Ahmed Gahin Abdulraheem Tayib Yahya Yahya Luai A. Ahmed Iffat Elbarazi Syed Mahboob Shah Janardhana P. Aithala Marjan Ajami Budi Aji Hossein Akbarialiabad Yibeltal Akelew Meisam Akhlaghdoust Elham Jamshidi Addis Aklilu Azene Tesfaye Melat Woldemariam Maxwell Ak CRONICAS Center of Excellence in Chronic Diseases Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru School of Medicine Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia Lima Peru Sydney School of Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine London UK Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland Department of Cardiovascular Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome Italy Division of Endocrinology Diabetology Nutrition and Therapeutic Patient Education Department of Medicine Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Department of Medicine and Department of Health Research Evidence and Impact McMaster University Hamilton ON Canada Research Institute of St. Joe’s Hamilton ON Canada Population Health Research Institute Hamilton Canada Geneva University Hospitals Geneva Switzerland Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciences Mashhad Iran Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Jimma University Jimma Ethiopia Anesthesiology Department Dilla University Addis Ababa Ethiopia Department of Juridical and Economic Studies La Sapienza University Rome Italy Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Social Determinants of Health Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Brigham and Women’s Hospital Harvard University Boston MA USA Students’ Scientific Research Center (SSRC) Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran School of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Chapter of Addiction Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Advanced Diagnostic and Intervent

Chronic care manages long-term, progressive conditions, while acute care addresses short-term conditions. Chronic conditions increasingly strain health systems, which are often unprepared for these demands. This study examines the burden of conditions requiring acute versus chronic care, including sequelae. Conditions and sequelae from the Global Burden of Diseases Study 2019 were classified into acute or chronic care categories. Data were analysed by age, sex, and socio-demographic index, presenting total numbers and contributions to burden metrics such as Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs), Years Lived with Disability (YLD), and Years of Life Lost (YLL). Approximately 68% of DALYs were attributed to chronic care, while 27% were due to acute care. Chronic care needs increased with age, representing 86% of YLDs and 71% of YLLs, and accounting for 93% of YLDs from sequelae. These findings highlight that chronic care needs far exceed acute care needs globally, necessitating health systems to adapt accordingly. © 2025. The Author(s).

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A 0.20 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with copper-filled contact and local interconnect

A 0.20 /spl mu/m CMOS technology with copper-filled contact ...

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Symposium on VLSI technology

作者： R. Islam S. Venkatesan M. Woo R. Nagabushnam D. Denning K. Yu O. Adetutu J. Farkas T. Stephens T. Sparks Advanced Products Research and Development Laboratory Network Computing Systems Group Process Technology Development Motorola Inc. Austin TX USA

In this work a 0.20 /spl mu/m CMOS technology has been developed using copper-filled local interconnect and contact along with copper metallization. This technology is suitable for logic and SRAM applications. The presence of copper in close proximity to the gate oxide and source/drain regions does not induce any degradation to the transistor parameters. This study shows that copper, along with a robust diffusion barrier, can be used to fill local interconnect and contact holes without deteriorating device performance. In this technology, the minimum transistor is (0.27 /spl mu/m/spl times/0.15 /spl mu/m) with a gate pitch of 0.54 /spl mu/m and minimum metal pitch of 0.63 /spl mu/m.

关键词： CMOS technology Copper Tungsten Integrated circuit interconnections Metallization Etching MOSFETs Contact resistance Random access memory Isolation technology

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A partially depleted 1.8 V SOI CMOS SRAM technology featuring a 3.77 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell

A partially depleted 1.8 V SOI CMOS SRAM technology featurin...

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Symposium on VLSI technology

作者： K. Cox J. Scott S. Bishop M. Bhat B. Nettleton D. Pan M. Hamilton D. Chang L. Day P. Schani Digital DNA Labs Motorola Inc. Austin TX USA Networking and Computing Systems Group. Product Technology Development Motorola Inc. Austin TX USA

Summary form only given. A robust 1.8 V partially-depleted SOI SRAM technology has been developed from the 0.20 /spl mu/m bulk CMOS process platform with copper interconnect. The 3.77 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6T bitcell features self-aligned local interconnect (SALI) with buried channel PFET (BCPFET) load devices. The technology was used in fabrication of a dense 4 Mb asynchronous SOI SRAM originally designed for bulk Si but modified for SOI fabrication. SOI VLSI die yield equivalent to bulk Si was realized and excellent reliability results were achieved.

关键词： CMOS technology Random access memory Fabrication Integrated circuit interconnections Very large scale integration Space technology Copper Voltage control Isolation technology Implants

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A manufacturable and modular 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS platform technology

A manufacturable and modular 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS platform te...

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Symposium on VLSI technology

作者： P. Tsui H. Chuang N. Bhat E. Travis S. Chheda J. Grant P. Gilbert P. Chen S. Poon A. Kaiser B. Anthony T. White J. West T. Vuong S. Mattay B. Kruth A. Perera J. Porter M. Schippers I. Yang V. Misra S. Venkatesan A. Nagy T. Lii Process Technology Development Networking Computing Systems Group MOS13 Manufacturing Advanced Products Research and Development Laboratory Motorola Inc. USA Motorola Solutions Inc Schaumburg IL US

A modular 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS core technology suitable for high density and high-performance or low-power applications is presented. The key salient features include: simple 1-mask STI, 40 /spl Aring/ high-performance or low-power CMOS transistor modules, cobalt salicide, a practical 2D Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) technique applied to tight-pitch local interconnect and 6-level tiled metallization backend that include unlanded vias and no-cap Inter-Level Dielectric (ILD). This technology is capable of producing state-of-the-art 380 MHz RISC microprocessors (47 mm/sup 2/) with 9.4 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6 T bitcell SRAM. The modularity of the process architecture allows the subsequent expansion of the integration to a wide-range of applications.

关键词： CMOS technology Implants Resists Transistors Metallization Dielectrics Isolation technology Integrated circuit interconnections Computer aided manufacturing Computer networks

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A high performance 3.97 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ CMOS SRAM technology using self-aligned local interconnect and copper interconnect metallization

A high performance 3.97 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ CMOS SRAM technolog...

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Symposium on VLSI technology

作者： M. Woo M. Bhat M. Craig P. Kenkare X. Wnag F. Tolic H. Chuang S. Parihar J. Schmidt L. Terpolilli R. Pena D. Derr N. Cave P. Crabtree M. Capetillo S. Filipiak T. Lii A. Nagy D. O'Meara T. Vuong M. Blackwell R. Larson M. Wilson J. Hayden S. Venkatesan P. Tsui P. Gilbert A. Perera C. Subramanian T. McNelly V. Misra R. Islam B. Smith J. Farkas D. Watts D. Denning S. Garcia L. Frisa S. Iyer C. Lage Networking and computing SYstems Group Process Technology Development Motorola Inc. USA Advanced Products Research and Develapment Laboratory Motorola Inc. USA Mos 13 Die Production Motorola Inc. Austin TX USA Applied Materials Inc. Santa Clara CA USA

In this work a 3.97 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6T CMOS SRAM bitcell technology has been developed using a logic based platform incorporating a self-aligned local interconnect and copper metallization. This 0.20 /spl mu/m process technology is suitable for stand-alone SRAM applications as well as embedded applications such as digital signal processors. A stable bitcell operation has been demonstrated for power supply (Vdd) of 1.8 V. In this technology, the minimum transistor is (0.27 /spl mu/m/spl times/0.15 /spl mu/m) with a gate pitch of 0.54 /spl mu/m and minimum metal pitch of 0.65 /spl mu/m.

关键词： CMOS technology Random access memory Copper MOSFET circuits Metallization Logic devices Implants Optical films Printing Etching

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Recapitalizing the Navy through optimized manning and improved reliability

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1998年第6期110卷 61-72页

作者： Anderson, DE Malone, TB Baker, CC Mr. David E. Anderson:is a Navel Engineer with the Naval Sea Systems Command where he is currently assigmd to the HumanSystems Integration branch. Mr Anderson has a Bachelor of Science degree an Environmental Engineering from Flurida Technological University and a Master's in Environmental Engiwering from the University of Central Flurida. He currentEy is an HSI manager for a number oflvay R&D and skig acquisition efforts. Dr. Thomas B. Malone:received a Ph.D. in Experimental Psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is President of Carlow International Incorporated an organization dedicated to human factors research and development with emphasis an mantime systems. He has directed over 350 programs and projects in his 33 year career and is responsible for overall management of all contract programs within the Corporation. He is a Past President of the Human Factors and E r g m i c s Society (HFES) of which he is a Fellow. He is also a Fellow of the Washington Academy of Sciences He was selected as a member of the N A S Space Sciences Technical Advisuiy Committee on Technoloo Requirements for Human Performance on Long Duration Space Missions in 2989 and 90. He was elected as the First Chair of the Systems Development Technical Group of the HFES. Dr Malone is currently managing eflorts to devehp and auto- mate standardized processes for canducting human systems integration (HSI) in the military weapon systems acquisition process and fov developing automated tools to facilitate fledormance of specific steps in the HSI process. Dr Malone also is currently occupied in applying human engineering to the DD 21 and is serving as the Chair ofthe System ManninglHuman Perfomzance Working IPT under the DD 21 ManninglHSI IPT chaired ty PMS 500M. Mr. Clifford Baker:has over 20 years experience in developing and applying human factors technology to complex systems. He holds a masters degree in psychology with a specialization in human factors engineering and he is a Board Certified Human Factors Engineering Profesional

Reduced manning is the process (and the result) of removing human functions from a system while retaining or improving system operability and effectiveness. Reliability and maintainability characterize a system's operability and effectiveness. Reduced manning impacts system reliability by changing the characteristics of (1) human error associated with system operation and maintenance, (2) time to repair failed components, and (3) mean-time-between-failures (MBTF) in a reduced manning environment. Simply reducing manning without compensating for system dependence on human involvement generally has a negative impact on system maintainability. Methods to address this include (1) human-system integration design of maintenance interfaces and (2) design of operations activities that are closely related to device failures. After demonstrating reliable performance through testing and operation, ship commanders can be assured that fewer people can effectively operate and maintain Navy ships and systems.

关键词： Naval vessels

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