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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： F.J. Doyle H. Kwatra I. Rybak J.S. Schwaber School of Chemical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette IN USA Department of Neuroscience University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia PA USA Neural Computation Program E. l. Du Pont de Nemours and Company Inc. Wilmington DE USA

An approach to dynamic scheduling is presented which draws inspiration from a biological control mechanism (the baroreceptor reflex). A simplified model of the reflex is proposed which validates known experimental res... 详细信息

关键词： Scheduling algorithm Biological control systems Neurons Pressure control Automatic control Nonlinear control systems Control systems Blood pressure Biological information theory Baroreflex

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A parallel control strategy abstracted from the baroreceptor reflex

A parallel control strategy abstracted from the baroreceptor...

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American Control Conference (ACC)

作者： M. Pottmann M.A. Henson B.A. Ogunnaike J.S. Schwaber Neural Computation Program Process Modeling and Advanced Control Group E. l. Du Pont de Nemours and Company Inc. Wilmington DE USA Department of Chemical Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA

A parallel control strategy is developed for process applications by "reverse engineering" the functions of the baroreceptor reflex, the biological control system system which regulates arterial blood pressure. The parallel control technique is applicable to single-input processes with two types of output measurements: (i) a primary measurement of the controlled output which has unfavorable dynamic responses to input changes; and (ii) a secondary measurement of a different output which has more favorable dynamic characteristics. In order to provide high performance disturbance rejection, the parallel control system uses the primary and secondary outputs in a coordinated fashion. An H/sub 2/-optimal controller is designed and implemented using a parallel control architecture which is derived from a biologically-inspired control structure. The parallel control strategy is shown to provide improved performance and robustness as compared to conventional cascade control.

关键词： Baroreflex Biological control systems Pressure control Control systems Blood pressure Arterial blood pressure Heart rate Pressure measurement Chemical processes Central nervous system

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SYNAPTIC INTEGRATION IN AN EXCITABLE DENDRITIC TREE

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JOURNAL OF NEUROPHYSIOLOGY 1993年第3期70卷 1086-1101页

作者： MEL, BW Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute ofTechnology Pasadena 91125.

1. Compartmental modeling experiments were carried out in an anatomically characterized neocortical pyramidal cell to study the integrative behavior of a complex dendritic tree containing active membrane mechanisms. Building on a previously presented hypothesis, this work provides further support for a novel principle of dendritic information processing that could underlie a capacity for nonlinear pattern discrimination and/or sensory processing within the dendritic trees of individual nerve cells. 2. It was previously demonstrated that when excitatory synaptic input to a pyramidal cell is dominated by voltage-dependent N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type channels, the cell responds more strongly when synaptic drive is concentrated within several dendritic regions than when it is delivered diffusely across the dendritic arbor. This effect, called dendritic ''cluster sensitivity,'' persisted under wide-ranging parameter variations and directly implicated the spatial ordering of afferent synaptic connections onto the dendritic tree as an important determinant of neuronal response selectivity. 3. In this work, the sensitivity of neocortical dendrites to spatially clustered synaptic drive has been further studied with fast sodium and slow calcium spiking mechanisms present in the dendritic membrane. Several spatial distributions of the dendritic spiking mechanisms were tested with and without NMDA synapses. Results of numerous simulations reveal that dendritic cluster sensitivity is a highly robust phenomenon in dendrites containing a sufficiency of excitatory membrane mechanisms and is only weakly dependent on their detailed spatial distribution, peak conductances, or kinetics. Factors that either work against or make irrelevant the dendritic cluster sensitivity effect include 1) very high-resistance spine necks, 2) very large synaptic conductances, 3) very high baseline levels of synaptic activity, and 4) large fluctuations in level of synaptic activity on short time sca

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THE MODULATION OF LEARNING STATE IN A BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY - AN IN-VITRO, IN-VIVO, AND IN COMPUTO STUDY OF OBJECT RECOGNITION IN MAMMALIAN OLFACTORY CORTEX

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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE REVIEW 1993年第5期7卷 261-269页

作者： BOWER, JM 1. Division of Biology Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology 91125 Pasadena CA

During learning of overlapping input patterns in an associative memory, recall of previously stored patterns can interfere with the learning of new patterns. Most associative memory models avoid this difficulty by ignoring the effect of previously modified connections during learning, by clamping network activity to the patterns to be learned. Through the interaction of experimental and modeling techniques, we now have evidence to suggest that a somewhat analogous approach may have been taken by biology within the olfactory cerebral cortex. Specifically we have recently discovered that the naturally occurring neuromodulator acetylcholine produces a variety of effects on cortical cells and circuits which, when taken together, can prevent memory interference in a biologically realistic memory model. Further, it has been demonstrated that these biological mechanisms can actually improve the memory storage performance of previously published abstract ''neural network'' associative memory models.

关键词： NEUROBIOLOGY OLFACTION ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY SIMULATIONS MODELING

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AN OSCILLATION-BASED MODEL FOR THE NEURONAL BASIS OF ATTENTION

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VISION RESEARCH 1993年第18期33卷 2789-2802页

作者： NIEBUR, E KOCH, C ROSIN, C [*]Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA 91125 U.S.A.

We propose a model for the neuronal implementation of selective visual attention based on the temporal structure of neuronal activity. In particular, we set out to explain the electrophysiological data from areas V4 and IT in monkey cortex of Moran and Desimone [(1985) Science, 229, 782-784] using the ''temporal tagging'' hypothesis of Crick and Koch [(1990a) Cold Spring Harbor Symposiums in Quantitative Biology, LV, 953-962;(1990b) Seminars in the neurosciences (pp. 1-36)]. Neurons in primary visual cortex respond to visual stimuli with a Poisson distributed spike train with an appropriate, stimulus-dependent mean firing rate. The firing rate of neurons whose receptive fields overlap with the ''focus of attention'' is modulated with a periodic function in the 40 Hz range, such that their mean firing rate is identical to the mean firing rate of neurons in ''non-attended'' areas. This modulation is detected by inhibitory interneurons in V4 and is used to suppress the response of V4 cells associated with non-attended visual stimuli. Using very simple single-cell models, we obtain quantitative agreement with Moran and Desimone's (1985) experiments.

关键词： FOCAL ATTENTION 40 HZ OSCILLATIONS TEMPORAL STRUCTURE OF neural SIGNALS EXTRASTRIATE CORTEX MONKEY COMPUTER MODELING

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GOOD VIBES

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 1993年第5期90卷 1637-1638页

作者： KOCH, C Computation Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena 91125.

High-frequency oscillations in the 40-Hz range are the Rosetta stone of the brain and play a crucial role in figure-ground segmentation, perception and even consciousness. A string of publications by R. R. Llinas a... 详细信息

关键词： Neurons Sleep

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Vision sensors for traffic flow monitoring

Vision sensors for traffic flow monitoring

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1993 Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, IV 1993

作者： Mathur, B. Singhal, A. Wang, H.-T. Stanley, D. Bair, W. Koch, C. Rockwell International Science Center Thousand OaksCA United States Computation and Neural Systems Program Caltech PasadenaCA United States

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Bayesian modeling and classification of neural signals 93

Bayesian modeling and classification of neural signals

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Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Michael S. Lewicki Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA

Signal processing and classification algorithms often have limited applicability resulting from an inaccurate model of the signal's underlying structure. We present here an efficient, Bayesian algorithm for modeling a signal composed of the superposition of brief, Poisson-distributed functions. This methodology is applied to the specific problem of modeling and classifying extracellular neural waveforms which are composed of a superposition of an unknown number of action potentials (APs). Previous approaches have had limited success due largely to the problems of determining the spike shapes, deciding how many are shapes distinct, and decomposing overlapping APs. A Bayesian solution to each of these problems is obtained by inferring a probabilistic model of the waveform. This approach quantifies the uncertainty of the form and number of the inferred AP shapes and is used to obtain an efficient method for decomposing complex overlaps. This algorithm can extract many times more information than previous methods and facilitates the extracellular investigation of neuronal classes and of interactions within neuronal circuits.

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An analog VLSI saccadic eye movement system 93

An analog VLSI saccadic eye movement system

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Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Timothy K. Horiuchi Brooks Bishofberger Christof Koch Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA

In an effort to understand saccadic eye movements and their relation to visual attention and other forms of eye movements, we - in collaboration with a number of other laboratories - are carrying out a large-scale effort to design and build a complete primate oculomotor system using analog CMOS VLSI technology. Using this technology, a low power, compact, multi-chip system has been built which works in real-time using real-world visual inputs. We describe in this paper the performance of an early version of such a system including a 1-D array of photoreceptors mimicking the retina, a circuit computing the mean location of activity representing the superior colliculus, a saccadic burst generator, and a one degree-of-freedom rotational platform which models the dynamic properties of the primate oculomotor plant.

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Amplifying and linearizing apical synaptic inputs to cortical pyramidal cells 93

Amplifying and linearizing apical synaptic inputs to cortica...

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Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Öjvind Bernander Christof Koch Rodney J. Douglas Computation and Neural Systems Program California Institute of Technology Pasadena Ca Dept. Pharmacology Oxford UK

Intradendritic electrophysiological recordings reveal a bewildering repertoire of complex electrical spikes and plateaus that are difficult to reconcile with conventional notions of neuronal function. In this paper we argue that such dendritic events are just an exuberant expression of a more important mechanism - a proportional current amplifier whose primary task is to offset electrotonic losses. Using the example of functionally important synaptic inputs to the superficial layers of an anatomically and electrophysiologically reconstructed layer 5 pyramidal neuron, we derive and simulate the properties of conductances that linearize and amplify distal synaptic input current in a graded manner. The amplification depends on a potassium conductance in the apical tuft and calcium conductances in the apical trunk.

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