Selective vulnerability of excitatory neurons in Alzheimer’s disease(AD):AD is the most common form of dementia;however,the pathogenesis of AD is largely *** of the characteristic features of AD is the formation of i...
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Selective vulnerability of excitatory neurons in Alzheimer’s disease(AD):AD is the most common form of dementia;however,the pathogenesis of AD is largely *** of the characteristic features of AD is the formation of intracellular neurofibrillary tangles(NFTs).NFTs are abnormal accumulates of misfolded tau protein,which may eventually cause neuronal death and neurodegeneration(Jack et al.,2018).In the early stages of AD progression,not all neurons are equally vulnerable to tau *** studies have shown that large pyramidal neurons in the entorhinal cortex(EC)are specifically vulnerable to pathological tau accumulation(Fu et al.,2017).This selective vulnerability of excitatory neurons to tau pathology is one of the fundamental questions needed to be answered in AD research.
Development of therapeutics for brain diseases has remained challenging,in particular due to the difficulty of passing the blood-brain *** a result,the current arsenal of therapeutics targeting the brain is limited to...
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Development of therapeutics for brain diseases has remained challenging,in particular due to the difficulty of passing the blood-brain *** a result,the current arsenal of therapeutics targeting the brain is limited to small,lipid-soluble drugs and there is a lack of options for treating neuroblastomas,Alzheimer’s disease,and many other devastating *** the advances in strategies for crossing the blood-brain barrier such as the use of nanoparticles(Hersh et al.,2022;Duan et al.,2023),such delivery systems have not yet reached clinical ***,novel platforms for the transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier remain highly *** specifically holds for large molecules such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins,as well as nucleotide-based therapeutics and cell *** efforts in this field are increasing exponentially,with thousands of publications in the last few years.
An importa nt strategy to promote voluntary movements after motor system injury is to strengthen the connections between the motor cortex and muscles by taking advantage of the plasticity of the corticospinal motor **...
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An importa nt strategy to promote voluntary movements after motor system injury is to strengthen the connections between the motor cortex and muscles by taking advantage of the plasticity of the corticospinal motor *** neuromodulation approaches are directed to activate the spinal cord and peripheral axons to strengthen muscle *** discuss in this perspective that,the cortex and spinal cord should be ta rgeted together to enhance cortex-to-musclefunction(Amer and Martin,2022).
Pyroptosis,an inflammatory form of programmed cell death,eliminates a niche where pathogens replicate,providing overall benefits to a *** left uncontrolled,pyroptosis can lead to severe *** pyroptotic activation has b...
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Pyroptosis,an inflammatory form of programmed cell death,eliminates a niche where pathogens replicate,providing overall benefits to a *** left uncontrolled,pyroptosis can lead to severe *** pyroptotic activation has been implicated in neuroinflammation,cardiovascular disease,acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),and many other diseases[1,2,3].Because of its multiple and permanent consequences,pyroptosis is a highly regulated signaling *** regulators of pyroptosis are NLR inflammasomes,which are activated by various“danger”signals such as ATP.
Synapse-specific connectivity and dynamics determine microcircuit function but are challenging to explore with classic paired recordings due to their low *** therefore implemented optomapping,a~100-fold faster two-pho...
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Synapse-specific connectivity and dynamics determine microcircuit function but are challenging to explore with classic paired recordings due to their low *** therefore implemented optomapping,a~100-fold faster two-photon optogenetic *** mouse primary visual cortex(V1),we optomapped 30,454 candidate inputs to reveal 1,790 excitatory inputs to pyramidal,basket,and Martinotti *** these cell types,log-normal distribution of synaptic efficacies emerged as a *** pyramidal cells,optomapping reproduced the canonical circuit but unexpectedly uncovered that the excitation of basket cells concentrated to layer 5 and that of Martinotti cells dominated in layer 2/*** excitation of basket cells was stronger and reached farther than the excitation of pyramidal cells,which may promote ***-term plasticity surprisingly depended on cortical layer in addition to target ***,optomapping revealed an overrepresentation of shared inputs for interconnected layer-6 pyramidal ***,by resolving the throughput problem,optomapping uncovered hitherto unappreciated principles of V1 structure.
Because of the growing use of nanoparticles(NPs)in manufacturing consumer goods,it is essential to identify new in vitro approaches to assess their toxicity and improve risk *** are exposed to NPs from contaminated ae...
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Because of the growing use of nanoparticles(NPs)in manufacturing consumer goods,it is essential to identify new in vitro approaches to assess their toxicity and improve risk *** are exposed to NPs from contaminated aerosol via multiple routes,such as inhalation,ingestion,and dermal *** airway epithelial cells are a promising tool for assessing the genotoxicity of NPs in *** study aims to evaluate the genotoxic effects of titanium dioxide(TiO_(2)),zinc oxide(ZnO),and silver oxide(AgO)NPs on human bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells(HBTECs)using the comet *** exposure duration was set to 24 h,and two-(2D)and three-dimensional(3D)spheroid models were *** genotoxicity of TiO_(2)NPs in 2D and 3D HBTEC cells was not statistically significant based on the concentration points examined in *** NPs at concentrations ranging from 10 to 50 mg/mL,when exposed to 2D HBTEC cultures for 24 h,did not show any genotoxic ***,genotoxicity was observed at higher *** contrast,treatment of 2D HBTEC cultures with AgO NPs increased the percentage of tail DNA damage from 50 to 100 mg/mL in a concentration-dependent *** a controlled laboratory environment,ZnO and AgO NPs exhibited a reduction in the length of the tail in 3D spheroid *** evaluating genotoxicity,spheroids(3D)represent in vivo-like cell behavior more accurately than monolayer cultures(2D).Collectively,our findings illustrate the harmful effects of NPs on genetic material and emphasize the significance of employing cell culture models to evaluate the risk of toxicity.
Lifestyle and demographics of the world's population are causing serious health problems impacting the brain,increasing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and other types of *** we have gained important i...
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Lifestyle and demographics of the world's population are causing serious health problems impacting the brain,increasing the incidence of Alzheimer's disease(AD)and other types of *** we have gained important insights into the pathogenic mechanisms of AD,only palliative care is available to *** is characterized by the abnormal deposition of protein aggregates in the brain formed by amyloid β and hyper-phosphorylated,Tau in addition to neuroinflammation.
Speed-accuracy trade offs exist in a variety of functional tasks, which may require differences in control strategies in future neuroprosthetic devices. It is the goal of this work to evaluate the predictability of di...
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Despite improved survival outcomes across many cancer types,the prognosis remains grim for certain solid organ cancers including glioblastoma and pancreatic *** in these cancers,the control achieved by time-limited in...
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Despite improved survival outcomes across many cancer types,the prognosis remains grim for certain solid organ cancers including glioblastoma and pancreatic *** in these cancers,the control achieved by time-limited interventions such as traditional surgical resection,radiation therapy,and chemotherapy is short-lived.A new form of anti-cancer therapy called therapeutic alternating electric fields(AEFs)or tumor treating fields(TTFields)has been shown,either by itself or in combination with chemotherapy,to have anti-cancer effects that translate to improved survival outcomes in *** the pre-clinical and clinical data are promising,the mechanisms of TTFields are not fully *** investigations are underway to better understand how and why TTFields is able to selectively kill cancer cells and impede their *** purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the reported mechanisms of action of TTFields from pre-clinical studies(both in vitro and in vivo).An improved understanding of how TTFields works will guide strategies focused on the timing and combination of TTFields with other therapies,to further improve survival outcomes in patients with solid organ cancers.
Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic...
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Traumatic brain injury(TBI)is a public health problem with an undue economic burden that impacts nearly every age,ethnic,and gender group across the globe(Capizzi et al.,2020).TBIs are often sustained during a dynamic range of exposures to energetic environmental forces and as such outcomes are typically heterogeneous regarding severity and pathology(Capizzi et al.,2020).
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