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A comprehensive survey on shadow removal from document images: datasets, methods, and opportunities

Vicinagearth 2025年第1期2卷 1-18页

作者： Wang, Bingshu Li, Changping Zou, Wenbin Zhang, Yongjun Chen, Xuhang Chen, C.L. Philip School of Software Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing & Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing College of Electronics and Information Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen China Yongjun Zhang is with the State Key Laboratory of Public Big Data College of Computer Science and Technology Guizhou University Guiyang China School of Computer Science and Engineering Huizhou University Huizhou China School of Computer Science and Engineering South China University of Technology and Pazhou Lab Guangzhou China

With the rapid development of document digitization, people have become accustomed to capturing and processing documents using electronic devices such as smartphones. However, the captured document images often suffer from issues like shadows and noise due to environmental factors, which can affect their readability. To improve the quality of captured document images, researchers have proposed a series of models or frameworks and applied them in distinct scenarios such as image enhancement, and document information extraction. In this paper, we primarily focus on shadow removal methods and open-source datasets. We concentrate on recent advancements in this area, first organizing and analyzing nine available datasets. Then, the methods are categorized into conventional methods and neural network-based methods. Conventional methods use manually designed features and include shadow map-based approaches and illumination-based approaches. Neural network-based methods automatically generate features from data and are divided into single-stage approaches and multi-stage approaches. We detail representative algorithms and briefly describe some typical techniques. Finally, we analyze and discuss experimental results, identifying the limitations of datasets and methods. Future research directions are discussed, and nine suggestions for shadow removal from document images are proposed. To our knowledge, this is the first survey of shadow removal methods and related datasets from document images.

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Any-Angle Routing Algorithm for Microfluidic Biochips Driven by Flow Path

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Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development 2025年第4期62卷 978-988页

作者： Youlin, Pan Shuai, Guo Xing, Huang Genggeng, Liu College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Fuzhou University Ministry of Education Fuzhou350116 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China

Continuous-flow microfluidic biochips (CFMBs) have become a hot research topic in recent years due to their ability to perform biochemical assays automatically and efficiently. For the first time, PathDriver+ takes the requirements of the actual fluid transportation into account in the design process of CFMBs and implements the actual fluid transport and removal, and plans separate flow paths for each transport task, which have been neglected in previous work. However, PathDriver+ does not take full advantage of the flexibility of CFMBs routing because it only considers the optimization of flow channel length for the global routing in the mesh model, except for the detailed routing. In addition, PathDriver+ only considers the X architecture, while the existing work shows that the any-angle routing can utilize the routing resources more efficiently and shorten the flow channel length. To address the above issues, we propose a flow path-driven arbitrary angle routing algorithm, which can improve the utilization of routing resources and reduce the flow channel length while considering the actual fluid transportation requirements. The proposed algorithm constructs a search graph based on constrained Delaunay triangulation to improve the search efficiency of routing solutions while ensuring the routing quality. Then, a Dijkstra-based flow path routing method is used on the constructed search graph to generate a routing result with a short channel length quickly. In addition, in the routing process, channel reuse strategy and intersection optimization strategy are proposed for the flow path reuse and intersection number optimization problems, respectively, to further improve the quality of routing results. The experimental results show that compared with the latest work PathDriver+, the length of channels, the number of ports used, and the number of channel intersections are significantly reduced by 33.21%, 11.04%, and 44.79%, respectively, and the channel reuse rate is i

关键词： High level synthesis

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Control Logic Routing for Continuous-Flow Microfluidic Biochips Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning

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Jisuanji Yanjiu yu Fazhan/Computer Research and Development 2025年第4期62卷 950-962页

作者： Cai, Huayang Huang, Xing Liu, Genggeng College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Fuzhou University Ministry of Education Fuzhou350116 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350116 China School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710072 China

With the advancement of electronic design automation, continuous-flow microfluidic biochips have become one of the most promising platforms for biochemical experiments. This chip manipulates fluid samples in milliliters or nanoliters by utilizing internal microvalves and microchannels, and thus automatically performs basic biochemical experiments, such as mixing and detection. To achieve the correct bioassay function, the microvalves deployed inside the chip are usually managed by a multiplexer-based control logic, and valves receive control signals from a core input through the control channel for accurate switching. Since biochemical reactions typically require high sensitivity, the length of control paths connecting each valve needs to be reduced to ensure immediate signal propagation, and thus to reduce the signal propagation delay. In addition, to reduce the fabrication cost of chips, a vital issue to be addressed in the logic architecture design is how to effectively reduce the total channel length within the control logic. To address the above issues, we propose a deep reinforcement learning-based control logic routing algorithm to minimize the signal propagation delay and total control channel length, thereby automatically constructing an efficient control channel network. The algorithm employs the dueling deep Q-network architecture as the agent of the deep reinforcement learning framework to evaluate the tradeoff between signal propagation delay and total channel length. Besides, the diagonal channel routing is implemented for the first time for control logic, thus fundamentally improving the efficiency of valve switching operations and reducing the fabrication cost of the chip. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively construct a high-performance and low-cost control logic architecture. © 2025 Science Press. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep reinforcement learning

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DBSSL: A Scheme to Detect Backdoor Attacks in Self-Supervised Learning Models

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IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2025年

作者： Huang, Yuxian Yang, Geng Yuan, Dong Yu, Shui Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunication College of Computer Science and Software China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing China University of Sydney School of Electrical and Information Engineering Australia University of Technology Sydney School of Computer Science Australia

Recently, self-supervised learning has garnered significant attention for its ability to extract high-quality features from unlabeled data. However, existing research indicates that backdoor attacks can pose significant threats to self-supervised learning. Additionally, due to the substantial training overhead, traditional backdoor detection methods in supervised learning, such as meta-learning, are not well-suited for self-supervised learning. Current backdoor detection methods for self-supervised learning can only defend against backdoor attacks triggered by patch. To address this challenge, we proposes DBSSL, a scheme that can efficiently detect backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning models. In DBSSL, we connect backdoor attacks with adversarial attacks and use adversarial perturbations for detection. Specifically, we first conduct targeted adversarial attacks on the samples, classifying them into different classes. Then, we employ the Z-Score method to analyze these adversarial perturbations. If outliers are present, we can infer that the self-supervised learning model has been backdoored. Unlike previous works, our scheme is better suited for downstream users with constrained computation resources and exhibits excellent detection capabilities for backdoor attacks caused by patch -type or global triggers. Abundant theoretical analysis has demonstrated the feasibility of our scheme. Moreover, extensive experiments show that our method performs well in detecting prevalent backdoor attacks in self-supervised learning, achieving detection accuracy exceeding 95%. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Self-supervised learning

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KAC-Unet: A Medical Image Segmentation With the Adaptive Group Strategy and Kolmogorov-Arnold Network

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Lin, Shiying Hu, Rong Li, Zuoyong Lin, Qinghua Zeng, Kun Wu, Xiang Fujian University of Technology Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Applications School of Computer Science and Mathematics Fuzhou350118 China Minjiang University Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control School of Computer and Big Data Fuzhou350121 China Fuzhou University Affiliated Provincial Hospital Provincial Clinical Medical College Fujian Medical University Department of Urology Fuzhou350001 China

In the field of deep learning-based medical image segmentation, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) extract image features by combining linear convolutional layers with nonlinear activation functions. However, excessive stacking of linear layers in the network limits the model’s ability to capture fine-grained details. In addition, the feature distribution imbalance caused by the traditional fixed grouping strategy (FGS) can affect the deep model’s capacity to perceive the overall structure of the image. To address these challenges, we propose a medical image segmentation framework, called Kolmogorov-Arnold Network with the adaptive group strategy and contextual Transformer based on Unet (KAC-Unet). First, we propose the adaptive group strategy (AGS) to balance the grouping of different input channels, alleviating the performance degradation caused by differences in group information. Then, we propose the Shift Tokenized Kolmogorov-Arnold Network (KAN) Block to capture complex features in medical images through flexible nonlinear transformations and shift operations. Extensive experiments are conducted on three medical image segmentation datasets. The results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our proposed method compared with state-of-the-art algorithms. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Medical Image Segmentation Based on 3d Pdc with Swin Transformer

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Fan, Lin Ding, Xiaojia Wang, Zhongmin Wang, Hai Zhang, Rong School of Computer Science and Technology Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications Shaanxi Xi’an710121 China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Network Data Analysis and Intelligent Processing Shaanxi Xi’an710121 China Xi’an Key Laboratory of Big Data and Intelligent Computing Shaanxi Xi’an710121 China The School of Information Science and Technology Northwest University Shaanxi Xi’an710121 China

3D medical image segmentation is vital for disease diagnosis and effective treatment strategies. Despite the advancements in Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), their fixed receptive fields constrain global context modeling, leading to suboptimal performance, particularly with complex shapes and multi-scale variations. Transformer enhances the global modeling capability through self-attention mechanism. However, challenges persist in capturing fine-grained local features and extracting edge features. To overcome these issues, In this study, a dual-path encoder is proposed, which consists of a 3D PDC and a Swin Transformer and is combined with a CNN for the decoder. The 3D PDC module extracts local features by calculating the differences between neighboring pixels. To improve the ability of capturing edge structures, three 3D PDC variants (3D CPDC, 3D APDC, and 3D RPDC) are proposed to optimize the processing ability of complex edges, multi-directional edges, and multi-scale structures, respectively. After performance evaluation, the selected CARV combinations (3D CPDC, 3D APDC, 3D RPDC, and 3D ordinary convolution) achieve a compromise between high segmentation accuracy and low computational cost. The Swin Transformer encoder captures global context using a hierarchical shift-window mechanism, while the CNN decoder fuses features progressively to produce precise pixel-level segmentation. The proposed method exceeds the performance of existing state-of-the-art techniques, as shown by experiments conducted on the BTCV, FLARE21, and AMOS22 datasets. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Image segmentation

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Community-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Learning 19th

Community-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Learning

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19th CCF Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, ChineseCSCW 2024

作者： Li, Xinying Wu, Ling Guo, Kun College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819623723

Recently, heterogeneous graph contrastive learning, which can mine supervision signals from the data, has attracted widespread attention. However, most existing methods employ random data augmentation strategies to construct contrastive views, which may destroy the semantic information in heterogeneous graphs. Moreover, they often select positive and negative samples based solely on node-level proximity and overlook hard samples that are difficult to distinguish from anchors. To solve the above problems, we propose a Community-Aware Heterogeneous Graph Contrastive Learning model called CAHGCL. In particular, we design an adaptive data augmentation strategy to construct views, including feature augmentation and topology augmentation. To improve the quality of samples, we propose a dynamic sample weighting strategy based on node similarity and community information, capable of identifying both hard positive samples and hard negative samples. Finally, we introduce community-level contrast to improve community cohesion. Extensive experiments and analyses demonstrate that CAHGCL consistently outperforms state-of-the-art baselines on three datasets. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Community Evolution Tracking Based on High-Order Neighbor Consideration and Node Change Identification 19th

Community Evolution Tracking Based on High-Order Neighbor C...

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19th CCF Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, ChineseCSCW 2024

作者： Zhang, Yunan Wang, Chaohui Wu, Ling Guo, Kun College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819623723

Community evolution tracking is widely used in complex network analysis, which analyzes and identifies how communities evolve over time based on dynamic community detection. However, the current incremental dynamic community detection method has the phenomenon of ’concept drift’, which leads to inaccurate tracking of community evolution. Although some studies on dynamic community detection have proposed to perform global community detection on the network by timing or when the error information accumulates to a certain extent, this method will lead to a sudden change in community division, which will interrupt the evolution sequence of some communities and bring great difficulties to the continuous tracking of community evolution. In addition, the current community evolution tracking methods match the communities of two adjacent snapshots, and it is difficult to capture the fine-grained evolution process within the community. This paper proposes a community evolution tracking algorithm based on high-order neighbor consideration and node change identification. Firstly, based on an incremental update strategy that considers high-order neighbors, we adaptively expand the scope of incremental updates to reduce the accumulation of error information. Secondly, through the node change identification strategy to mine fine-grained community evolution events. Experiments show that our method can effectively track the evolution of communities in dynamic networks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Community evolution Complex network Dynamic network Evolution tracking

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D-FGNAE: Decentralized Federated Graph Normalized AutoEncoder 19th

D-FGNAE: Decentralized Federated Graph Normalized AutoEncode...

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19th CCF Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, ChineseCSCW 2024

作者： Liang, Yuting Cai, Weixin Guo, Kun College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819623723

Graphs widely exist in real-world, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have exhibited exceptional efficacy in graph learning in diverse fields. With the strengthening of data privacy protection worldwide in recent years, Federated graph neural networks (FedGNNs) have gained increasing attention in academia and industry owing to their ability to train the model in a collaborative manner while complying with the privacy protection regulations. However, in federated learning, the non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) problem of local data possessed by multiple participants can significantly undermine model accuracy. We propose a new Decentralized Federated Graph Normalized AutoEncoder (D-FGNAE). First, the model is designed as a decentralized federated learning framework with dynamically assigned tripartite roles. This design eliminates the fixed server role found in traditional federated learning, enhances system fault tolerance, avoids single points of failure, and protects model privacy. Second, the splitting and correcting of calculation by layer in the model, along with the special design of the normalization layer, effectively tackle the non-IID problem in both the structural and attribute aspects. Experimental results on real-world networks demonstrate the effectiveness of D-FGNAE, which can achieve nearly the same accuracy as the centralized model. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Federated learning

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UGCM-LU: A Unified Stream and Batch Graph Computing Model with Local Update for Community Detection 19th

UGCM-LU: A Unified Stream and Batch Graph Computing Model w...

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19th CCF Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing, ChineseCSCW 2024

作者： Li, Hong Wu, Ling Guo, Kun College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China Engineering Research Center of Big Data Intelligence Ministry of Education Fuzhou350108 China Fujian Key Laboratory of Network Computing and Intelligent Information Processing Fuzhou University Fuzhou350108 China

ISBN: (纸本)9789819623723

Unified stream and batch computing (USBC) aims to incorporate stream and batch computation into a unified framework, thereby enabling the development of a one-stop solution for stream and batch data processing and enhancing the generalization of the framework. However, research on unified graph computing models (UGCMs) faces several challenges. First, existing UGCMs need to consider all graph information in the cache during the incremental update phase, thus leading to decreased execution efficiency. Second, existing UGCMs use fixed bytes to store nodes without considering the actual space occupied by nodes resulting in wasted memory when dealing with large graphs. This paper proposes a UGCM with Local Updates for community detection (UGCM-LU). We first implement a local update strategy to consider partial information of the graph to achieve incremental updates. Secondly, we also designed a byte-compression-based module to store graph data according to the space occupied by nodes. The experimental results show the effectiveness and efficiency of the model in real-world and artificial networks. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Lutetium alloys

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