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Design and development of an integrated enset processing machine suitable for central highland farmers of west shewa zone Ethiopia

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Discover Agriculture 2025年第1期3卷 1-26页

作者： Jima, Beka Adugna Kolhe, Kishor Purushottam Jiru, Moera Gutu Agricultural Machinery Engineering Program Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Mechanical Chemical and Materials Engineering at Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Mechanical Chemical and Materials Engineering at Adama Science and Technology University Adama Ethiopia

The development of Integrated Enset processing technology is significant for the easy availability of stable food in the current condition for fulfilling the pangs of hunger in Ethiopia, currently; individual manual technologies such as decortication, corm granting, bulla extraction, and fermenting techniques eventually contribute to utilizing food security such as Kocho, which is not affordable for the marginal farmers of Ethiopia. However, there is a lack of integrated compromise of the all-function process of corm granting, decortication, and pulverization in one machine wholesome of the product such as Kocho, and bulla within consuming time and labor. Therefore, it is decided to design and develop an integrated enset processing machine for central high land of Ethiopian farmers with high-quality production. The physical and mechanical properties of the enset is studied to get an efficient and robust design of the various components. The overall design and development of proposed machine components were carried out at Adama science and Technology University, Ethiopia by using ANSYS 2023 R1 software by considering the engineering economics and material specifications as per ASTM standards. The process parameters of the proposed machine are identified as feed rate, drum speed, concave to drum clearance, power requirement, etc. Also, the enset characteristics were considered as decorticating and granting, fiber cutting resistance, fiber length, dimension, shape, and weight. The overall developed enset integrated machine assembles are analyzed for granting and decorticating with drum clearance and bulla extraction throughput capacity, reliability, simplicity, safety, and overall cost. The machine's safety from a Design Perspective is checked and validated by a simulation study on the critical parts subjected to higher stresses. The cost of available individual decorticators, granting, pulverized, and bulla squeezer machines is costly to the farmer’s community. Theref

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Technical and economic feasibility assessment for hybrid energy system electricity and hydrogen generation: A case study

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Global Energy Interconnection 2025年第1期8卷 62-81页

作者： Paul C.Okonkwo Samuel Chukwujindu Nwokolo El Manaa Barhoumi Ibrahim B.Mansir Usman Habu Taura Barun Kumar Das Ahmed Bahgat Radwan Wilfred Emori Ephraim Bonah Agyekum Khalid Al Kaaf Mechanical&Mechatronics Engineering Department Dhofar UniversitySalalah 211the Sultanate of Oman Department of Physics Faculty of Physical SciencesUniversity of CalabarCalabar PMB 1115Nigeria Electrical&Computer Engineering Department Dhofar UniversitySalalah 211the Sultanate of Oman Department of Mechanical Engineering Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj 11942Saudi Arabia Centre for Energy Research and Training Ahmadu Bello UniversityPMB 1045ZariaNigeria Oil&Gas Research Center Sultan Qaboos UniversityMuscat 123the Sultanate of Oman Department of Mechanical Engineering Rajshahi University of Engineering&TechnologyRajshahi 6204Bangladesh Center for Advanced Materials Qatar UniversityDoha 2713Qatar School of Materials Science and Engineering Sichuan University of Science and EngineeringZigong 643000PR China Department of Nuclear and Renewable Energy Ural Federal University Named after the First President of Russia BorisEkaterinburg 620002Russia Western Caspian University Baku AZ1001Azerbaijan Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Dhofar UniversitySalalah 211the Sultanate of Oman

Hydrogen is emerging as a promising alternative to fossil fuels in the transportation *** study evaluated the feasibility of estab-lishing hydrogen refueling stations in five cities in Oman,Duqm,Haima,Sur,Al Buraymi,and Salalah,using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables(HOMER)*** hybrid energy systems,photovoltaic-wind turbine-battery,photovoltaic-battery,and wind turbine-battery were analyzed for each *** indicated that Duqm offers the lowest net present cost(NPC),levelized cost of energy,and levelized cost of hydrogen,making it the most cost-effective ***,Sensitivity analysis showed that as the life of electrolyzer increases during operation,the initial capital expenditure is distributed over a longer operational period,leading to a reduction in the *** so,renewable energy systems produced no emissions which supports Oman’s mission *** comprehensive analysis confirms the feasibility of establishing a hydrogen refueling station in Duqm,Oman,and highlights advanced optimization techniques’superior capability in designing cost-effective,sustainable energy systems.

关键词： Cities Economic indicator Hydrogen production Optimization Solar

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Anomalous properties of spark plasma sintered boron nitride solids

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materials Today 2025年 86卷 42-51页

作者： Biswas, Abhijit Serles, Peter Alvarez, Gustavo A. Schimpf, Jesse Hache, Michel Kong, Jonathan Demingos, Pedro Guerra Yuan, Bo Pieshkov, Tymofii S. Li, Chenxi Puthirath, Anand B. Gao, Bin Gray, Tia Zhang, Xiang Murukeshan, Jishnu Vajtai, Robert Dai, Pengcheng Singh, Chandra Veer Howe, Jane Zou, Yu Martin, Lane W. Clancy, James Patrick Tian, Zhiting Filleter, Tobin Ajayan, Pulickel M. Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto 5 King's College Road TorontoM5S 3G8 Canada Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto 184 College St TorontoM5S 3E4 Canada Department of Physics and Astronomy McMaster University HamiltonL8S 4M1 Canada Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley94720 United States

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a brittle ceramic with a layered structure, however, recent experiments have suggested that inter-layer structural engineering could be key to new structural and functional properties. Here we report the scalable bulk synthesis of high-density crystalline h-BN solids, by using high-temperature spark plasma sintering (SPS) of h-BN powders, which show high values of mechanical strength, ductility, dielectric constant, thermal conductivity, and exceptional neutron radiation shielding capability. Through exhaustive characterizations we reveal that SPS induces non-basal plane crystallinity, twisting of layers, and facilitates inter-grain fusion with a high degree of in-plane alignment across macroscale dimensions, resulting in near-theoretical density and improved properties. Our findings highlight the importance of material design, via new approaches such as layer twisting and interlayer interconnections, to create novel ceramics with properties that could go beyond their intrinsic limits. © 2025

关键词： Ductility

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Effect of Sn addition on electrochemical activity of ribbons of Mg-Al-Ca anode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries fabricated by rapid solidification

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Keikinzoku/Journal of Japan Institute of Light Metals 2025年第1期75卷 9-13页

作者： Fukuta, Yoshitaka Kikura, Kensei Tsukeda, Tadayoshi Aida, Tetsuo Tabata, Hironobu Kurihara, Hideki Suzuki, Mayumi Program of Materials Science and Engineering Studies in Science and Engineering Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama 3190 Gofuku Toyama-shi Toyama930-8555 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan Faculty of Sustainable Design Academic Assembly University of Toyama Toyama-shi Toyama Japan CHUETSU METAL WORKS CO. LTD. Nakaniikawagun Toyama Japan Saitama Industrial technology Center Kawaguchi-shi Saitama Japan Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering Faculty of Engineering Toyama Prefectural University Imizu-shi Toyama Japan

Magnesium-based batteries are potential candidates for next-generation rechargeable batteries due to the divalent nature of magnesium cations and the natural abundance of magnesium resources. In this study, the electrochemical activity of Mg-6mass%Al-3mass%Ca anodes combined with Sn was investigated. Thin ribbons of the anode specimens were prepared by a single-roll rapid solidification method. The results showed that the electrochemical activity increased upon adding 1 mass% Sn, while it decreased for 3 mass% Sn. Based on the results of an X-ray diffraction analysis, the addition of Sn led to the formation of Mg2Sn and Ca2Sn phases, which increased the lattice distortion. Scanning electron microscopy observations indicated that these secondary phases were homogeneously distributed for 1 mass% Sn addition, while they were coarsely distributed for 3 mass% Sn. © 2025 The Japan Institute of Light Metals.

关键词： X ray diffraction analysis

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Investigation of oxygen-related defect engineering in nonstoichiometric vanadium oxides for electrochromic zinc-ion batteries with superior electrochromic-electrochemical performance

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Chemical engineering Journal 2025年 515卷

作者： Kim, Yonghan kim, Ilgyu Lee, Hye Kang Na, Hyunmin Jung, Ji-Won Yun, Tae Gwang Department of of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University Gyeonggi Suwon16499 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Konkuk University Seoul05029 Korea Republic of Advanced Materials Program Department of Materials Science and Engineering Konkuk University Seoul05029 Korea Republic of

Electrochromic-energy storage systems (e-ESS), which visualize the electrochemical charge–discharge process, are experiencing a rapid increase in demand for advanced applications. Electrochromic aqueous zinc-ion batteries (e-AZiBs) systems have emerged as a promising alternative due to their environmental friendliness, enhanced stability, and high volumetric energy density. In this study, we developed a non-stoichiometric vanadium oxide cathode that optimizes both electrochemical and electrochromic performance by controlling the oxygen defect concentration. By optimizing the annealing temperature, we effectively controlled the concentration of oxygen defects, which enhanced Zn2+ diffusion kinetics within the layered structure of V2O5 and promoted more reversible energy storage reactions. In particular, Ec-VO 350 sample, with the most favorable level of oxygen defects, exhibited a specific capacity of 383 mAh/g, representing a 160 % improvement in electrochemical performance compared to pristine V2O5. Additionally, the structural modifications induced by oxygen defects significantly improved electrochemical stability, achieving 98.27 % capacity retention after 500 cycles at 2 A/g, demonstrating excellent reversibility. Meanwhile, although the defect states generated by oxygen vacancies can affect the electronic structure and negatively influence electrochromic properties such as coloration efficiency and ΔT, Ec-VO 350 sample successfully achieved a coloration efficiency of 46.8 cm2/C and a ΔT of 65 %, owing to its enhanced Zn2+ diffusion kinetics despite a reduced optical bandgap. The methodology for developing the non-stoichiometric vanadium oxide cathode presented in this study offers an innovative strategy to enhance the potential for electrochromic energy storage systems (e-ESS) in advanced applications. © 2025

关键词： Virtual storage

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Fluorine-Free Cosolvent Chemistry Empowering Sodium-Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile Batteries

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Advanced Energy materials 2025年第0期

作者： Pai, Min-Hao Manthiram, Arumugam Materials Science and Engineering Program & Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Texas at Austin AustinTX78712 United States

Localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCE) show great promise for room-temperature sodium-sulfur batteries. However, the majority of diluents in LHCE systems consist of fluorinated ethers, which are not only dense and expensive but also demonstrate poor reductive stability with sodium metal. Herein, a low-density, non-fluorinated ether electrolyte is presented that demonstrates localized high-concentration behavior. This feature is driven by the weak solvating capabilities of 1,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) and the ultra-weak solvating nature of cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME). Impressively, the fluorine-free CPME cosolvent acts as a diluent within the electrolyte. Therefore, the electrolyte achieves a tailored solvation structure characterized by anion-rich species, which fosters the development of a resilient inorganic-rich SEI with superior Na-ion transport. Consequently, with a high sulfur-content sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (SPAN, S content > 45% in SPAN) loading of 4.4 mg cm⁻2 (sulfur loading: 2 mg cm⁻2) and a low electrolyte-to-SPAN ratio of 9 µL mg⁻¹ (E/SPAN = 9), the Na-SPAN cell demonstrates remarkable reversibility of 530 mA h gsulfur⁻¹ after 200 cycles at C/5 rate. This performance surpasses the majority of state-of-the-art Na-SPAN ether-based electrolyte systems reported to date. Hence, this work presents a novel approach for designing cost-effective, high-performance electrolytes for stable, practical Na-SPAN batteries. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Sodium-ion batteries

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WE43 Surface Composite with Oxide Particles by Friction Stir Processing

WE43 Surface Composite with Oxide Particles by Friction Stir...

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Magnesium Technology Symposium, 2025, held as part of the TMS Annual Meeting and Exhibition, TMS 2025

作者： Ghauri, Hamza Faisal Shunmugasamy, Vasanth C. Mansoor, Bilal Department of Materials Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77840 United States Mechanical Engineering Program Texas A&M University at Qatar Doha Qatar Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77840 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783031810602

WE43WE43 has superior mechanical and corrosionCorrosion performance compared to other magnesium alloysMagnesium alloy but surface treatments, mechanical processes, and heat treatments to further enhance its properties continue to be explored. Here we present our preliminary findings about a WE43WE43surface compositeSurface composite with oxide particles produced using friction stir processingFriction stir processing. Significant grain refinement, precipitate redistribution, and increase in microhardness by 25% were achieved in processed regions compared to base material. CorrosionCorrosion testing in 0.9% NaCl solution revealed that the FSP-treated material exhibited a 196% lower Icorr and a more stable open circuit potential (OCP) than cast WE43WE43, suggesting superior corrosion resistanceCorrosion resistance. While the findings promise suitability of the processed alloy for a more intensive range of operating conditions than the cast alloy, further work to study the effect of the size, volume, and composition of the oxide reinforcements needs to be carried out. © The Minerals, Metals & materials Society 2025.

关键词： Grain refinement

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Cyclic thermal treatment parameters of bagasse particle reinforced epoxy bio-composites for sustainable applications

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Discover Polymers 2025年第1期2卷 1-22页

作者： Oladele, Isiaka Oluwole Falana, Samuel Olumide Ilesanmi Akinbamiyorin, Michael Onuh, Linus Nnabuike Taiwo, Anuoluwapo Samuel Adelani, Samson Oluwagbenga Olajesu, Olanrewaju Favor Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria Department of Materials Science and Engineering Iowa State University Ames USA Faculty of Materials and Chemical Engineering University of Miskolc Miskolc Hungary Department of School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield University Cranfield UK Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado Boulder USA

The demand for sustainable, high-performance materials has led to increased interest in bio-based composites. However, optimizing the mechanical properties of such materials for engineering applications remains a challenge. This study addresses this gap by developing and characterizing an epoxy-based biocomposite reinforced with sugarcane bagasse particles, focusing on the influence of cyclic thermal treatment on its properties. The bagasse particles were chemically treated with 1 M NaOH to remove impurities, improve interfacial bonding with the epoxy matrix, and enhance the overall composite performance. The treated particles j were pulverized to 470 µm and incorporated into the epoxy matrix (0–20 wt%) using the hand layup method. The composites were divided into untreated and thermally treated groups, with the latter subjected to cyclic thermal treatment (100 °C for 3 h over 7 days). Mechanical, wear, and water absorption properties were evaluated, while fractured surface morphologies were analyzed using SEM. Results revealed that cyclic thermal treatment significantly enhanced the composites’ performance, with the 15 wt% heat-treated composite showing optimal properties: density of 1.102 g/cm3, flexural strength of 29.13 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 103.50 MPa, impact strength of 3.49 kJ/m2, hardness of 64.70 HS, and wear indices of 0.034 mg. These findings demonstrate that alkali treatment and cyclic thermal treatment synergistically enhance the performance of bio-composites, making them suitable for diverse applications, including automotive, aerospace, and other engineering fields.

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Analysis of Thermal Aging Behavior and Activation Energy of Austenitic Stainless Steel Weld for Reactor Vessel Internal

Journal of Korean Institute of Metals and Materials

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Journal of Korean Institute of Metals and materials 2025年第5期63卷 330-343页

作者： Kim, Yoojin Kim, Ji-Su Suh, Joowon Kim, Jongmin Lee, Soo Yeol Hong, Seokmin Department of Materials Science and Engineering Chungnam National University Daejeon34134 Korea Republic of Nuclear Materials Safety Research Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Daejeon34057 Korea Republic of Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of

This study examines the thermal aging behavior and associated changes in mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steel welds (ASSW) used within reactor vessel internals (RVI). ASSW specimens were fabricated employing the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) technique, adhering to the welding procedure specifications for RVI, and were thermally aged at 340°C, 400°C, and 450°C for durations up to 15,000 hours. Assessments included strength, impact toughness, and delta-ferrite hardness, while thermal embrittlement activation energy was estimated using nano-indentation combined with the Cahn-Hilliard model. Microstructural analysis revealed a delta-ferrite content of approximately 7%, which appeared as fine dendritic structures (thickness Copyright © The Korean Institute of Metals and materials.

关键词： Tensile strength

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Diffusion coefficients predicting facet-dependent crystallization in amorphous silicon nitride

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Physical Review B 2025年第2期111卷 024106-024106页

作者： Tesia D. Janicki Jason B. Gibson Carlos Chacon Edwin Chiu Khalid Hattar Richard G. Hennig Paul Kotula Hojun Lim Calvin Parkin Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque New Mexico 87185 USA Department of Nuclear Engineering University of Florida Gainesville Florida 32611 USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Tennessee – Knoxville Knoxville Tennessee 37996 USA

Amorphous silicon nitride is a common material in microelectronics devices, which acts as an insulating barrier. Extended annealing times at elevated temperature can initiate crystallization of α−Si3N4, which does not possess the same barrier properties. Molecular dynamics can resolve the fundamental mechanism for α−Si3N4 crystallization and the influence of local environments. We compare two interatomic potentials and conclude that these models predict structural features (e.g., angular distributions and densities) which span the range of experimental measurements. We confirmed these models reproduce experimental estimates of activation energy and leveraged these models to identify crystallization drivers. We conclude that near-Tg, facet-dependent silicon nitride crystal growth rates can be predicted directly by either bulk or interfacial diffusion properties.

关键词： Silicon nitride

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