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A Brief Review on He Ion Irradiation Research of Steel and Iron‑Based Alloys in nuclear Power Plants

Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第4期36卷 529-551页

作者： Siyi Qiu Hui Liu Menglei Jiang Shiling Min Yanlin Gu Qingyan Wang Jing Yang Xuejun Li Zhuoer Chen Juan Hou School of Materials and Chemistry University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.Ltd Shenzhen 518124China Department of Industrial and Materials Science Chalmers University of Technology41326 GothenburgSweden State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Monitoring Technology and Equipment China Nuclear Power Engineering Co.LtdShenzhen 518172China

nuclear power plays a key role as renewable energy in alleviating the worldwide energy *** material degradation caused by high-temperature and high-flux neutron irradiation is the most concerning issue for nuclear reactor safety.A large number of He atoms produced through the(n,α)transmutation reaction diffuse and migrate in metals and accumulate to form He bubbles because of the extremely low solubility of He atoms in metal *** helium bubbles gather at the grain boundary or grain to cause swelling,hardening,embrittlement,and other damages to the in-core structural *** paper mainly summarizes the research progress on He irradiation in steel and iron-based alloys,including the diffusion and accumulation of He atoms,the nucleation and growth of He bubbles,and the microstructure and macroscopic degradation of material performance caused by He *** mechanism of helium irradiation-induced corrosion in steel and iron-based alloys in recent years is reviewed as ***,the investigations on irradiation performance in additive manufactured stainless steels are summarized,and the mechanism of irradiation resistance is prospected.

关键词： Irradiation Helium bubbles nuclear stainless steel Additive manufacture

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Machine learning of metal-ceramic wettability

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Journal of Materiomics 2022年第1期8卷 195-203页

作者： So Yeon Kim Ju Li Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering assachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

The adhesion and wetting between metal and ceramic is a basic problem in materials science and *** example,past materials selection for metal-ceramic composites has relied on random trials and heuristics due to a limited understanding of their adhesion;the large chemical/structural variability that such interfaces can have hinders the identification of the governing *** based on literature data,we have developed a database with~1,000 experimentally measured wetting angles at different temperatures and atmospheric conditions,and come up with a model for the wettability of ionocovalent ceramics(ICs)by metals using a machine learning(ML)*** random forest model uses the testing temperature and~40 features generated based on the chemical compositions of the metal and the ceramic as predictors and exhibits strong predictive power with an R^(2) of~***,this model and the featurization code are integrated into a single computational pipeline to enable(1)predicting metal-IC wettability of interest and(2)high-throughput searching of ICs with the desired wettability by certain metals in the entire Inorganic Crystallographic Structure *** a demonstration of this pipeline,the wettability of a Li-ion and electron insulator(LEI),CaO,by molten Li is estimated and compared with ab initio molecular dynamics simulation *** ML pipeline can serve as a practical tool for methodical design of materials in systems where certain metalceramic wettability is desired.

关键词： Metal-ceramic wettability Wetting angle Machine learning High-throughput screening Solid-state batteries

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Temperature-dependent microstructural evolution in a compositionally complex solid electrolyte:The role of a grain boundary transition

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Journal of Advanced Ceramics 2025年第3期14卷 163-176页

作者： Shu-Ting Ko Chaojie Du Huiming Guo Hasti Vahidi Jenna L.Wardini Tom Lee Yi Liu Jingjing Yang Francisco Guzman Timothy J.Rupert William J.Bowman Shen J.Dillon Xiaoqing Pan Jian Luo Aiiso Yufeng Li Family Department of Chemical and Nano Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA Program in Materials Science and Engineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCalifornia 92093USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia 92697USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia 92697USA Irvine Materials Research Institute University of California IrvineIrvineCalifornia 92697USA

Compositionally complex solid electrolyte(Li_(0.375)Sr_(0.4375))(Ta_(0.375)Nb_(0.375)Zr_(0.125)Hf_(0.125))O_(3)(LSTNZH)samples are synthesized using different sintering temperatures,durations,and cooling conditions(furnace cooling(FC)*** quenching(AQ)).The temperature-dependent grain growth has been examined to investigate the microstructural evolution and the origin of exaggerated(abnormal)grain *** moderate temperatures,the grain growth of LSTNZH follows a cubic root growth model with an Arrhenius temperature *** increasing temperature,bimodal microstructures develop,and the Arrhenius temperature dependence breaks ***,increasing the temperature induces increased Nb segregation at general grain boundaries(GBs),in contrast to classical GB segregation models but suggesting premelting-like GB disordering,which can explain the observed abnormal grain growth(AGG).In addition,the large grains become faceted with increasing temperature,which occurs concurrently with the temperature-induced transitions in GB segregation and grain growth,thereby further supporting the occurrence of a GB phase-like(complexion)*** impacts on the densification,ionic conductivity,and hardness are also *** work provides a new insight into the fundamental understanding of the grain growth mechanisms of the emergent class of medium-and high-entropy compositionally complex ceramics(CCCs),which is essential for tailoring microstructures and material properties.

关键词： compositionally complex ceramics(CCCs) solid electrolytes perovskite grain growth grain boundary(GB) electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)

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Recent advances in tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy probe designs

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Nano Research 2023年第4期16卷 5555-5571页

作者： Da Xu Boqun Liang Yaodong Xu Ming Liu Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California-RiversideRiversideCalifornia 92521USA Materials Science and Engineering program University of California-RiversideRiversideCalifornia 92521USA

Tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(TERS)imaging is a super-resolution imaging technique that features the merits of both surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS)and scanning probe microscopy(SPM),such as the high chemical sensitivity from the former and the nanoscale spatial resolution from the *** advantages make TERS an essential nanospectroscopic characterization technique for chemical analysis,materials science,bio-sensing,*** probes,the most critical factor determining the TERS imaging quality,are expected to provide a highly confined electromagnetic hotspot with a minimized scattering background for the generation of Raman signals with high spatial *** two decades of development,numerous probe design concepts have been proposed and *** review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art TERS probe designs,from the working mechanism to the practical *** start with reviewing the recent development of TERS configurations and the corresponding working mechanisms,including the SPM platforms,optical excitation/collection techniques,and probe preparation *** then review the emerging novel TERS probe designs,including the remote-excitation probes,the waveguide-based nanofocusing probes,the metal-coated nanofocusing probes,the nanowire-assisted selective-coupling probes,and the tapered metal-insulator-metal *** discussion focuses on a few critical aspects,including the surface-plasmon-polariton(SPP)hotspot excitation technique,conversion efficiency,working frequency,and *** the end,we review the latest TERS applications and give a perspective on the future of TERS.

关键词： tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy plasmonics scanning probe microscopy nanoscale imaging nanophotonics nanofocusing

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Computing grain boundary“phase”diagrams

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Interdisciplinary materials 2023年第1期2卷 137-160页

作者： Jian Luo Department of Nanoengineering Program of Materials Science and EngineeringUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA

Grain boundaries(GBs)can be treated as two-dimensional(2-D)interfacial phases(also called“complexions”)that can undergo interfacial phase-like *** bulk phase diagrams and calculation of phase diagram(CALPHAD)methods serve as a foundation for modern materials science,we propose to extend them to GBs to have equally significant *** perspective article reviews a series of studies to compute the GB counterparts to bulk phase ***,a phenomenological interfacial thermodynamic model was developed to construct GB lambda diagrams to forecast high-temperature GB disordering and related trends in sintering and other properties for both metallic and ceramic *** parallel,an Ising-type lattice statistical thermodynamic model was utilized to construct GB adsorption(segregation)diagrams,which predicted first-order GB adsorption transitions and critical *** two simplified thermodynamic models emphasize the GB structural(disordering)and chemical(adsorption)aspects,***,hybrid Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics atomistic simulations were used to compute more rigorous and accurate GB“phase”*** GB diagrams of thermodynamic and structural properties were further extended to include mechanical ***,machine learning algorithms were combined with atomistic simulations to predict GB properties as functions of four independent compositional variables and temperature in a 5-D space for a given GB in high-entropy alloys or as functions of five GB macroscopic(crystallographic)degrees of freedom plus temperature and composition for a binary alloy in a 7-D *** relevant studies are also *** perspective and outlook,including two emerging fields of high-entropy grain boundaries(HEGBs)and electrically(or electrochemically)induced GB transitions,are discussed.

关键词： CALPHAD grain boundary interfacial transition phase diagram

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Interfacial reactions in the Sn-9.0 wt.% Zn/Cu-Ti alloy (C1990 HP) couple

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Soldering and Surface Mount Technology 2024年第1期36卷 30-38页

作者： Laksono, Andromeda Dwi Chen, Chih-Ming Yen, Yee-Wen Department of Materials Science and Engineering National Taiwan University of Science and Technology Taipei Taiwan Department of Chemical Engineering National Chung Hsing University Taichung Taiwan Study Program of Material and Metallurgical Engineering Institut Teknologi Kalimantan Balikpapan Indonesia

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of adding a small amount of Ti to a Cu-based alloy, specifically the commercial Hyper Titanium Copper alloy (C1990 HP), which contains Cu-3.28 wt.% Ti, on its interfacial reaction with Sn-9.0 wt.% Zn (SnZn) solder, using the liquid/solid reaction couple technique. Design/methodology/approach: The SnZn/C1990 HP couples were subjected to a reaction temperature of 240–270°C for a duration of 0.5–5 h. The resulting reaction couple was characterized using a scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectrometer, electron probe microanalyzer and X-ray diffractometer. Findings: It was observed that the scallop-shaped CuZn5 and planar Cu5Zn8 phases were formed in almost all SnZn/C1990 HP couples. With increased reaction duration and temperature, the Cu-rich intermetallic compound (IMC)-Cu5Zn8 phase became a dominant IMC formed at the interface. The total thickness of the IMCs was increased with the increase in the reaction duration and temperature. The IMC growth obeyed the parabolic law, and the IMC growth mechanism was diffusion controlled. The activation energy of the SnZn/C1990 HP couple was 64.71 kJ/mol. Originality/value: This article presents an analysis of the IMC thickness in each sample using ImageJ software, followed by kinetic analysis using Origin software at various reaction temperatures of SnZn/C1990 HP in liquid/solid couples. The study also includes detailed reports on the morphology, interface composition and X-ray diffraction analysis, as well as the activation energy. The findings can serve as a valuable reference for electronic packaging companies that utilize C1990 HP substrates. © 2023, Emerald Publishing Limited.

关键词： Binary alloys

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Effect of Silicon and Aluminum Addition on Corrosion Behavior of ODS Iron-Based Alloys in Liquid Lead–Bismuth Eutectic

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Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters) 2023年第5期36卷 732-744页

作者： Jing Li Xiaochen Zhang Haibin Ma Liangyin Xiong Shi Liu Qisen Ren Zhengzheng Pang Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China Shi-Changxu Innovation Center for Advanced Materials Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang110016China Nuclear Fuel and Materials Department China Nuclear Power Technology Research InstituteShenzhen518026China

The long-term corrosion behaviors of four variants of oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)iron-based alloys in the stagnant oxygen-saturated lead–bismuth eutectic(LBE)at 550℃ were studied *** effects of silicon and aluminum content on the thickness,morphology and composition of the oxide scale were explored with the aid of X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),electron probe micro-analyzer(EPMA)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The addition of 1.5 wt%silicon is not able to contribute to forming a protective external silicon oxide film on the surface of aluminum-free ODS iron-based alloy,while the addition of aluminum promotes the formation of a thin and continuous alumina oxide *** the meantime,an appropriate amount of silicon becomes the heterogeneous nucleation site for alumina during the initial stage of oxidation,giving rise to the rapid formation of a protective alumina ***,excessive silicon has a negative impact on the formation of continuous alumina scale,because it may compete with aluminum to absorb more *** result of oxidation kinetics in ODS iron-based alloy shows that the parabolic rate constant of the alumina oxide scale is 3–4 orders of magnitude lower than that of the scale mainly composed of iron and chromium oxide.

关键词： Pb-Bi corrosion Oxide dispersion strengthened(ODS)ferritic alloy Silicon and aluminum addition Oxide scale

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Abnormal nonlinear optical responses on the surface of topological materials

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npj Computational materials 2022年第1期8卷 1045-1052页

作者： Haowei Xu Hua Wang Ju Li Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA

The nonlinear optical(NLO)responses of topological materials are under active *** previous works studied the surface and bulk NLO responses *** we develop a generic Green’s function framework to investigate the surface and bulk NLO responses *** reveal that the topological surface can behave disparately from the bulk under light ***,the photocurrents on the surface can flow in opposite directions to those in the bulk interior,and the light-induced spin current on the surface can be orders of magnitude stronger than its bulk counterpart on a per-volume *** also study the responses under inhomogeneous field and higher-order NLO effect,which are all distinct on the *** anomalous surface responses suggest that light can be a valuable tool for probing the surface states of topological ***,the surface effects should be prudently considered when investigating the optical properties of topological materials.

关键词： materials. surface. topological

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Towards universal neural network interatomic potential

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Journal of Materiomics 2023年第3期9卷 447-454页

作者： So Takamoto Daisuke Okanohara Qing-Jie Li Ju Li Preferred Networks Inc.100-00041-6-1 OtemachiChiyoda-kuTokyoJapan Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering and Department of Materials Science and Engineering MITCambridgeMA02139USA

The universal gravitational force law f=-Gm_(1)m_(2)/r^(2)enabled Newton to predict the trajectory of celestial bodies in 1686,pro-pelling human civilization into the modern *** and ions underlie chemistry,biology and materials *** their interaction potential U(r1,r2,…,rN),where r1,r2,…,rN are the positions and types of atoms/ions.

关键词： potential positions interaction

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Correlation of work function and stacking fault energy through Kelvin probe force microscopy and nanohardness in diluteα-magnesium

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2024年第1期12卷 237-250页

作者： Yigit Türe Ali Arslan Kaya Hüseyin Aydin Jiang Peng Servet Turan Eskisehir Technical University Porsuk Vocational SchoolElectronics and Automation DepartmentProgram of MechatronicsEskisehirTurkey Mugla Sitki Kocman University Engineering FacultyMetallurgy and Materials Engineering DepartmentMuglaTurkey Hüseying Aydın TUBITAK MRCTurkey Jiang Peng Chongqing UniversityChina Eskisehir Technical University Engineering FacultyMaterials Science and Engineering DepartmentEskisehirTurkey

Electronic interactions of the Group 2A elements with magnesium have been studied through the dilute solid solutions in binary Mg-Ca,Mg-Sr and Mg-Ba *** investigation incorporated the difference in the‘Work Function'(ΔWF)measured via Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy(KPFM),as a property directly affected by interatomic bond types,*** electronic structure,nanoindentation measurements,and Stacking Fault Energy values reported in the *** was shown that the nano-hardness of the solid-solutionα-Mg phase changed in the order of Mg-Ca>Mg-Sr>***,it was shown,by also considering the nano-hardness levels,that SFE of a solid-solution is closely correlated with its‘Work Function'***-hardness measurements on the eutectics andΔWF difference between eutectic phases enabled an assessment of the relative bond strength and the pertinent electronic structures of the eutectics in the three *** withΔWF and at least qualitative verification of those computed SFE values with some experimental measurement techniques were considered important as those computational methods are based on zero Kelvin degree,relatively simple atomic models and a number of *** asserted by this investigation,if the results of measurement techniques can be qualitatively correlated with those of the computational methods,it can be possible to evaluate the electronic structures in alloys,starting from binary systems,going to ternary and then multi-elemental *** investigation has shown that such a qualitative correlation is *** all,the SFE values are not treated as absolute values but rather become essential in comparative investigations when assessing the influences of alloying elements at a fundamental level,that is,free electron density *** study indicated that the principles of‘electronic metallurgy'in developing multi-elemental alloy systems can be followed via practical experimental methods,i.e.ΔWF measurements using KPF

关键词： Mg alloys Dilute alloys Work function Stacking fault energy Kelvin probe force microscopy Short range order Miedema Nanoindentation Eutectics

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