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On-line interrogation of pebble bed reactor fuel

On-line interrogation of pebble bed reactor fuel

引用

2004 nuclear Science Symposium, Medical Imaging Conference, Symposium on nuclear Power Systems and the 14th International Workshop on Room Temperature Semiconductor X- and Gamma- Ray Detectors

作者： Hawari, Ayman I. Chen, Jianwei Department of Nuclear Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigk NC United States Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH Idaho Accelerator Center Idaho State University Idaho Falls ID United States

Pebble bed reactors are characterized by multipass fuel systems in which spherical fuel pebbles are circulated through the core until they reach a proposed burnup limit (80,000 - 100,000 MWD/MTU). For such reactors, the fuel is assayed on-line to ensure that the burnup limit is not breached. We considered assaying the fuel using an HPGe detector to perform passive gamma-ray spectrometry of fission products. Since neither fresh nor irradiated fuel is readily available, computer simulations were utilized to identify the radionuclides that can be used as burnup indicators, and to visualize the gamma ray spectra at various levels of burnup. Specifically, we used the ORIGEN-MONTEBURNS-MCNP code system. This allowed the establishment of the burnup dependent one-group gas reactor cross sections for the radionuclides of interest. Subsequently, ORIGEN was used to simulate in-core pebble depletion to establish the irradiated pebble isotopics. Finally, the codes MCNP and SYNTH were used to simulate the response of the HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer. The results show that absolute and relative indicators can be used on-line to determine unambiguously the enrichment and burnup on a pebbel-by-pebbel basis. The activity of Cs-137 or the activity-ratio of Co-60/Cs-134 can be combined with the activity ratio of Np-239/I-132 to yield the enrichment and burnup information. To use the relative indicators, a relative efficiency calibration of the gamma-ray spectrometer can be performed using the La-140 gamma lines that are emitted by the irradiated pebble. 1-132, Cs-134, Cs-137, La-140 and Np-239 are produced upon the irradiation of the fuel. Co-60 is produced by doping the fuel with a small amount (∼100 ppm) of Co-59. Using this approach, the uncertainty in burnup determination due to factors such as power history variation, efficiency calibration, and counting statistics is expected to remain within ±5%. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Radiation detectors

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Deterministic modeling of radiation exchange within and between 3 -D cloud structures

Deterministic modeling of radiation exchange within and betw...

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2004 Annual Meeting - American nuclear Society

作者： De, Oliveira, Cassiano R.E. Haigh, Joanna Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Medical Physics Program Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Department of Physics Imperial College London SW7 2AZ United Kingdom

No abstract available

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Passive decay heat removal in a fluidized bed nuclear reactor

Passive decay heat removal in a fluidized bed nuclear reacto...

引用

PHYSOR 2004: The Physics of Fuel Cycles and Advanced nuclear Systems - Global Developments

作者： Agung, A. Lathouwers, D. Van Der Hagen, T.H.J.J. Van Dam, H. Pain, C.C. De Oliveira, C.R.E. Goddard, A.J.H. Eaton, M.D. Gomes, J.L.M.A. Miles, B. Interfaculty Reactor Institute Delft University of Technology Mekelweg 15 2629 JB Delft Netherlands Department of Earth Science and Engineering Imperial College of Science Technology and Medicine London SW7 2BP United Kingdom Nuclear and Radiological Engineering and Medical Physics Program George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0405 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0894486837

Numerical simulations have been performed to investigate the possibility of passive decay heat removal in a fluidized bed nuclear reactor. The conduction, convection and radiative heat transfer were included and the high Reynolds number k-Ε turbulence model was applied for the flow calculations. A P 1 approximation method for participating media was used for the radiation model. The reactor was modeled as a 2D axisymmetric cylinder. Calculations were performed for different initial total operating power to see whether the associated decay heat can be removed by passive means without compromising the safety margin. The results show the decay heat can be removed by passive means up to operating powers of about 55 MW. Further the results showed that all heat transfer mechanisms are of importance to remove heat from the bed of fuel particles to the reflector.

关键词： nuclear reactors

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Stress corrosion cracking (SCC)and corrosion fatigue cracking (CFC) of a duplex stainless steel in white water environments

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC)and corrosion fatigue crackin...

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Corrosion 2003

作者： Perdomo, J.J. Singh, P.M. Mahmood, J. Oteng, J.E. Corrosion and Materials Engineering Group Institute of Paper Science and Technology AtlantaGA30318-5794 United States Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program Morehouse College Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30314-3773 United States

The present article addresses the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) and subsequent corrosion fatigue cracking (CFC) behavior of a heat-treated duplex stainless steel (DSS)in papermachine white waters containing chloride and thiosulfate ions. According to the potentiodynamic and slow strain rate tests (SSRT) carried out in this study, it is believed that crack initiation corresponds to an SCC film rupture process during paper-machine shutdowns where ionic concentrations of species increase due to white water evaporation. Crack initiation occurs by pitting within ferrite grains or near grain boundaries where metallurgical changes produced during heat treatments play an important role. Once cracks have initiated, they will propagate by fatigue during alternate cycling loads produced in normal operation of the paper machine. © 2003 by NACE International.

关键词： Chlorine compounds

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Simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction from gated data

Simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction from...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging, ISBI 2002

作者： Mair, B.A. Gilland, David R. Cao, Zixiong Department of Mathematics University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States Department of Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Biomedical Engineering Program University of Florida GainesvilleFL32611 United States

ISBN: (纸本)078037584X

In this paper we investigate the problem of simultaneously estimating the non-rigid motion vector field and the emission images in dynamic medical imaging procedures, such as gated cardiac ECT. We consider the case of two datasets, which, for instance, may be applied to the problem of determining the motion and emission intensities of the myocardium between end-diastoie and end-systole gated cardiac data. Our method is based on minimizing an objective function consisting of a maximum likelihood image reconstruction term;the strain energy of an elastic material;and an image matching term that ensures a measure of agreement between the reference and deformed gated images. Minimization is achieved by a two-step iterative algorithm which alternately updates the motion vector field and the gated images. Simulations using exact and noisy datasets for a simple 2D phantom demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Motion estimation

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Phantom-study validation of a method for quantitative conjugate imaging of two overlying volumes

Phantom-study validation of a method for quantitative conjug...

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IEEE Symposium on nuclear Science (NSS/MIC)

作者： D.N. Jangha R.A. Mintzer C.-K.C. Wang J.N. Aarsvold The Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA The Division of Nuclear Medicine. Department of Radiology Emory University Atlanta GA USA The Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA The Nuclear Medicine Service Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center Decatur GA USA

A phantom investigation was performed to validate a method of quantitative conjugate imaging designed to determine the activities in two separate aligned volumes at known depths within a uniformly attenuating medium. The method requires the acquisition of flood, transmission, and emission data from two opposing planar views. The flood data determine the camera sensitivities; the transmission data, the imaged object effective attenuation map; and the emission data, in conjunction with the object thickness and the depths of the two volumes, the activities in the volumes and the surrounding medium. Three experiments were conducted using technetium-99m (Tc-99m) in a 20.32-cm (8") diameter cylindrical phantom and a 58.75-cm /spl times/ 43.0-cm rectangular flood tank. Two hollow spherical inserts having outer volumes of 16.2 ml were positioned symmetrically about the axis of the cylinder and with separation 10.16 cm (4"). Imaging was done using two heads of a Marconi IRIX triple-head system. A 15% energy window, symmetric about the Tc-99m photopeak, was used. Activity was injected into the phantom background and the spherical inserts such that the concentration ratios for sphere1:sphere2:background for the three experiments were 9:9:1, 12:6:1, and 15:3:1. Activity diluted at a single concentration in a 1-cc syringe was distributed by weight to ensure that activities placed in the phantom, spheres, and flood/transmission source were known to within better than 1%. Activities were low enough that camera dead-time effects were negligible. For each experiment, two flood data images were acquired simultaneously for 30 minutes; two transmission/emission data images, for 15 minutes each; and two emission data images, simultaneously for 15 minutes. MATLAB code was developed and used to estimate the effective attenuation coefficient of the medium, to compute the background activity concentration, and to compute the activity above background in each of the spheres. The method appli

关键词： Imaging phantoms Floods Telephony Basal ganglia nuclear medicine Cameras Attenuation Mechanical engineering Electronic mail Radiology

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Simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction from gated data

Simultaneous motion estimation and image reconstruction from...

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IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging

作者： B.A. Mair D.R. Gilland Zixiong Cao Department of Mathematics University of Florida Gainesville FL USA Department of Nuclear & Radiological Engineering Biomedical Engineering Program University of Florida Gainesville FL USA

ISBN: (纸本)078037584X

In this paper we investigate the problem of simultaneously estimating the non-rigid motion vector field and the emission images in dynamic medical imaging procedures, such as gated cardiac ECT. We consider the case of two datasets, which, for instance, may be applied to the problem of determining the motion and emission intensities of the myocardium between end-diastole and end-systole gated cardiac data. Our method is based on minimizing an objective function consisting of a maximum likelihood image reconstruction term; the strain energy of an elastic material; and an image matching term that ensures a measure of agreement between the reference and deformed gated images. Minimization is achieved by a two-step iterative algorithm which alternately updates the motion vector field and the gated images. Simulations using exact and noisy datasets for a simple 2D phantom demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.

关键词： Motion estimation Image reconstruction Strain measurement Biomedical imaging Electrical capacitance tomography Myocardium Maximum likelihood estimation Image matching Energy measurement Minimization methods

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Phantom-Study Validation of a Method for Quantitative Conjugate Imaging of Two Overlying Volumes

Phantom-Study Validation of a Method for Quantitative Conjug...

引用

2002 IEEE nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

作者： Jangha, Desiree N. Mintzer, Robert A. Wang, C.-K. Aarsvold, John N. Nucl./Radiological Eng. Program Woodruff Sch. of Mech. Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332 United States Division of Nuclear Medicine Department of Radiology Emory University Atlanta GA 30322 United States Nuclear Medicine Service Atlanta Vet. Affairs Medical Center Decatur GA 30033 United States

A phantom investigation was performed to validate a method of quantitative conjugate imaging designed to determine the activities in two separate aligned volumes at known depths within a uniformly attenuating medium. The method requires the acquisition of flood, transmission, and emission data from two opposing planar views. The flood data determine the camera sensitivities;the transmission data, the imaged object effective attenuation map;and the emission data, in conjunction with the object thickness and the depths of the two volumes, the activities in the volumes and the surrounding medium. Three experiments were conducted using technetium-99m (Tc-99m) in a 20.32-cm (8′) diameter cylindrical phantom and a 58.75-cm × 43.0-cm rectangular flood tank. Two hollow spherical inserts having outer volumes of 16.2 ml were positioned symmetrically about the axis of the cylinder and with separation 10.16 cm (4′). Imaging was done using two heads of a Marconi IRIX triple-head system. A 15% energy window, symmetric about the Tc-99m photopeak, was used. Activity was injected into the phantom background and the spherical inserts such that the concentration ratios for spherel:sphere2:background for the three experiments were 9:9:1, 12:6:1, and 15:3:1. Activity diluted at a single concentration in a 1-cc syringe was distributed by weight to ensure that activities placed in the phantom, spheres, and flood/transmission source were known to within better than 1%. Activities were low enough that camera dead-time effects were negligible. For each experiment, two flood data images were acquired simultaneously for 30 minutes;two transmission/emission data images, for 15 minutes each;and two emission data images, simultaneously for 15 minutes. MATLAB code was developed and used to estimate the effective attenuation coefficient of the medium, to compute the background activity concentration, and to compute the activity above background in each of the spheres. The method applied to the data

关键词： Imaging techniques

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Yucca Mountain

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Science 2002年第5568期296卷 659-660页

作者： Rodney C. Ewing Allison Macfarlane R. C. Ewing is in the Departments of Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences Geological Sciences and Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2104 USA. A. Macfarlane is in the Security Studies Program Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA.

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A report from the editor for contributions to the NSS conference issues of T-NS

A report from the editor for contributions to the NSS confer...

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作者： Valentine, J.D. Georgia Institute of Technology George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Nuclear and Radiological Engineering Program AtlantaGA30332-0405 United States

This section of this issue of the IEEE Transactions On nuclear Science (TNS) is devoted to the 2000 nuclear Science Symposium (NSS) held at the Palais des Congres in Lyon, France, from October 15–20, 2000. Every pape... 详细信息

关键词： Electrical engineering

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