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FUTURE PROPULSION MACHINERY TECHNOLOGY FOR GAS-TURBINE POWERED FRIGATES, DESTROYERS, AND CRUISERS

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第2期96卷 34-46页

作者： BASKERVILLE, JE QUANDT, ER DONOVAN, MR USN The Authors Commander James E. Baskerville USNis presently assigned to Naval Sea Systems Command (NA VSEA) as the Ship Design Manager for the DDG 51 the Navy's next generation surface combatant. A graduate of the U.S. Naval Academy Class of 1969 he is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer and designated Engineering Duty Officer (ED). He received his M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering and his professional degree of Ocean Engineer from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and holds a patent right on an Electronic Control and Response System. His naval assignments include tours in USSRamsey (FFG-2) Aide and Flag Lieutenant to the Commander Naval Electronic Systems Command and Ship Superintendent Surface Type Desk Officer and Assistant Design Superintendent at NA VSHIPYD Pearl Harbor. He was awarded the Meritorious Service Medal for distinguished performance at Pearl Harbor Naval Shipyard. As an author he has contributed articles to the ASNEJournaland given presentations at local sections on ship design the use of innovative technology in ship repair and maintenance and the costs and risks associated with engineering progress. Commander Baskerville is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Virginia an adjunct professor teaching marine engineering at Virginia Tech. and in addition to ASNE which he joined in 1975 is a member of SNAME Tau Beta Pi Sigma Xi ASME and the American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE). Dr. Earl R. Quandt:received his degree of Chemical Engineer from the University of Cincinnati in 1956 and his Ph.D. degree in Chemical Engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1961. He worked in the naval reactors program at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory from 1956 to 1963. Since that time he has been with David Taylor Naval Ship Research and Development Center Annapolis Maryland where he is Head of the Power Systems Division. He contributed to this paper while on a one year assignment to the U.S. Naval Academy as V

A turning point occurred in naval engineering in 1972 when the U.S. N avy chose to use marine gas turbines for the propulsion of its new SPRUANCE and PERRY Class ships. This paper reviews the more than twenty years of experience with turbine technology and its design integration into combat ships needed to make that decision. It is concluded that the availability of a good second generation aircraft derivative engine with proven reliability and a strong commercial base, i.e., the LM-2500, was as important to the decision as was the predicted improved ship effectiveness and cost benefits. This paper discusses improvements that can be made to the twin engine, single gear, single propeller shaft system. Focusing only on this mechanical transmission concept, it addresses the impact of possible improvements to the engine, gear, and shafting. In particular, the paper discusses current LM-2500 related R&D efforts to: (a) obtain improved part-power fuel rates, (b) integrate with a reversing reduction gear, and (c) add on a waste heat recovery steam cycle. Looking ahead to the year 2000, this paper suggests that a successor to the ubiquitous LM-2500 will appear in the 15 MW power range to provide the next step in the evolution of the twin engine package. This new naval engine will most likely be based on an aircraft core that exists at present, such that it will have demonstrated its reliability and commercial potential through many hours of testing prior to its mid-1990 marine conversion. This new engine is expected to offer improved air flow, an excellent fuel rate (approaching a flat 0.30 LB/HP-HR), and effective maintenance monitoring, all at some expense in size, weight, and cost. The year 2000 engine will burn a liquid hydrocarbon fuel similar to JP-5 because of its aircraft origins. Combined with advances in gear and shafting technology, the full twin engine propulsion system of the year 2000 should be markedly lighter, smaller, and more efficient than today's units.

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DESIGN FOR NEW-JERSEY, IOWA, AND DES-MOINES MODERNIZATION

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1984年第3期96卷 25-38页

作者： SIMS, PJ EDWARDS, JR DICKEY, RL SHULL, HS Philip J. Sims:graduated from Webb Institute in 1971 and went to work for the Advance Design Branch of the Naval Ship Engineering Center. He was part of the FFG-7 design team in 1972. The 1973–75 years were spent developing automated early-stage aircraft carrier design procedures and performing carrier design trade-off work in support of the CVV design. He returned to school in 1976 for a masters at M.I. T. The 1977–80 period was spent updating the Navy's destroyer-cruiser early-stage design procedures and performing studies for the CGN-42 reserve FFX and DDX (later DDG 51) projects. Also during this period he was team leader on concept formulation (CONFORM) studies of new ships such as a heavy combatant and a low detectability ship. From 1981 to early 1983 Mr. Sims was Design Integration Manager for the BB-62 and Ship Design Manager for the BB-61 and CA-134. He is presently principal naval architect for the FFX study and also works on the NA TO frigate effort. James F. Edwards Sr:.is the Technical Director Ship Analytics Inc. Washington D.C. Operations and was the Ship Design Manager for the battleship USSNew Jerseyprior to his departure from NAVSEA in August 1983. He joined the U.S. Navy Reserves in 1954 and served on active duty from 1957 to 1960. From 1961 to 1963 he worked for McLaughlin Research Corporation as a section head in the drafting department. From 1963 to 1966 he worked for the Vitro Corporation of America in the Terrier (surface missile systems) Department. In 1966 he participated in the contract design of the first shipboard integrated digital ASW Command and Control system while working for the Stanwick Corporation. In 1967 Mr. Edwards accepted a position at NAVSHIPS in the Combat System Integration Division. In 1974 he transferred to what is currently NAVSEA's Hull Design Division. In 1980 Mr. Edwards was designated as the Battleship and Heavy Cruiser General Arrangements Task Leader and subsequently served as the Hull Task Group Manager the Ship Configuration Control Manager and fina

In reactivating the battleship New Jersey , the Navy faced three major problems. The baseline data on the ship was not readily available or reliable, a new generation cruise missile armament was proposed, and the ship delivery schedule was very tight. After doing a feasibility study, system design engineers were taken onboard the mothballed ship to resolve the design problems. Being on the ship allowed an intensive effort and immediate reference to the actual ship configuration. The tools used to control this effort were a ship check plan, a ship check form and the master arrangement drawing. Simultaneously with the design effort, a repair scoping effort was conducted. The design evolution and solutions to the major problems are described. The results of the New Jersey effort are shown with sample documentation, the ship characteristics and the downstream design effort. The Iowa was the next ship to be modernized. The top level requirements were the same as New Jersey's but new problems were encountered. More options were investigated which diverted attention from the basic effort. A fundamental difference was the Iowa had not had a 1968 reactivation as the New Jersey had, so items that were repair and reactivation on the New Jersey in 1968 had to be part of the Iowa modernization. A major influence on the Iowa design process was that a complete set of specifications for a private yard bid had to be developed. The next effort was to install the same New Jersey modernization payload on a Des Moines class heavy cruiser. Heavy cruisers are large ships but significantly smaller than battleships and much closer to their naval architectural limits of weight and center of gravity. They have much less topside area than the battleships, and the new payload was very topside space consuming. The cruisers are also much more restricted in internal volume. Two feasibility studies were conducted. One resolved volume problems but approached the weight and center of gravity limits.

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AN EBIS FOR ATOMIC PHYSICS EXPERIMENTS

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PHYSICA SCRIPTA 1983年第 T3 期T3卷 47-51页

作者： KOSTROUN, VO GHANBARI, E BEEBE, EN JANSON, SW Nuclear Science and Engineering Program Ward Laboratory Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

An electron beam ion source to be used in atomic physics experiments has been designed, constructed and partially tested. The source utilizes a conventional solenoid and an externally launched electron beam. Ultra-high vacuum in the ionization region of the source is provided by a distributed sputter-ion pump. The source is relatively simple in design and easy to operate. Thus far it has been used to produce300 eV/q multiply charged beams of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and possibly titanium.

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ION TIME-OF-FLIGHT SPECTROSCOPY: KRYPTON CHARGE STATE SPECTRA AS A FUNCTION OF PHOTON EXCITATION ENERGY NEAR THE K EDGE.

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nuclear instruments and methods in physics research 1983年第1-3期208卷 815-818页

作者： Hastings, J.B. Kostroun, V.O. National Synchrotron Light Source Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Nuclear Science and Engineering Program and School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

In this experiment, the charge state distribution resulting from atomic rearrangement following the creation of the inner shell vacancies in krypton atoms has been recorded. Intense, highly collimated, monochromatic and tunable X-ray radiation available at the CHESS synchrotron radiation facility at Cornell was used to photionize krypton atoms in a gas jet target, and a time-of-flight spectrometer was used to record the ions in different charge states formed after photoionization. Charge state spectra were recorded below, at the 'peak' in the K edge and above the edge. Below the edge, charge states plus 4 to plus 7 were observed with appreciable intensity, while at, and above the edge, the charge states ranged from plus 4 to plus 10.

关键词： Spectroscopy

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THE CORNELL ELECTRON-BEAM ION-SOURCE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON nuclear science 1981年第3期28卷 2660-2662页

作者： KOSTROUN, VO GHANBARI, E BEEBE, EN JANSON, SW Nuclear Science and Engineering Program Ward Laboratory Cornell University Ithaca NY USA

An electron beam ion source (EBIS) for the production of low energy, multiply charged ion beams to be used in atomic physics experiments has been designed and constructed. An external high perveance electron gun is used to launch the electron beam into a conventional solenoid. Novel features of the design include a distributed sputter ion pump to create the ultrahigh vacuum environment in the ionization region of the source and microprocessor control of the axial trap voltage supplies.

关键词： Electron beams Ion sources Production Ion beams Atomic beams Physics Solenoids Ionization Microprocessors Voltage control

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BANQUET ADDRESS - TECHNOLOGY IS FUN, ITS THE OTHER THINGS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 57-59页

作者： FROSCH, RA President American Association of Engineering Societies Inc Dr. Robert A. Frosch born in New York City on 22 May 1928 attended Columbia University from which he received his B.A. degree in 1947 his M.A. degree in 1949 and his Ph.D. degree in 1952 all in the field of Theoretical Physics. While completing his studies for his doctorate he joined Columbia's Hudson Laboratories in 1951 and worked on naval research projects as a Research Scientist until 1958 when he became the Director Hudson Laboratories a post he held until 1963. From 1965 to 1966 he was Deputy Director Advanced Research Projects Agency (APRA) Department of Defense (DOD) having first joined ARPA in 1963 as the Director for Nuclear Test Detection the position he held until 1965. Since 1969 he also has served as the DOD member of the Committee for Policy Review National Council of Marine Resources and Engineering Development and in 1967 and 1970 as the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission meetings at UNESCO in Paris. In addition he was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research & Development from 1966 to 1973 Assistant Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Program with the rank of Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations from 1973 to 1975 and Assistant Director for Applied Oceanography at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 1975 until mid-1977. In June 1977 he became the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) the position he held prior to joining the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES) Incorporated. On 20 January 1981 he was elected to his present post as President AAES. Additionally he was the Sea Grant Lecturer for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 and currently is a National Lecturer for Sigma Xi. During his distinguished career Dr. Frosch has been the recipient of numerous awards among which are the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1966 the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1

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SIMPLE NUMERICAL EVALUATION OF MODIFIED BESSEL-FUNCTIONS K-UPSILON(CHI) OF FRACTIONAL ORDER AND THE INTEGRAL-INFINITY-CHI-K-UPSILON(ETA)D-ETA

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nuclear INSTRUMENTS & METHODS 1980年第1-2期172卷 371-374页

作者： KOSTROUN, VO Nuclear Science and Engineering Program Ward Laboratory Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 U.S.A.

Theoretical expressions for the angular and spectral distributions of synchrotron radiation involve modified Bessel functions of fractional order and the integral ʃ x ∞ K ν (η) d η . A simple series expressions for these quantities which can be evaluated numerically with hand-held programmable calculators is presented.

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An integral-transport method for compton-scatter correction in emission computed tomography

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IEEE Transactions on nuclear science 1980年第1期27卷 543-548页

作者： Egbert, Stephen D. May, Randall S. Nuclear Engineering Program University of Illinois Urbana Illinois 61801 United States Science Applications. Inc. Oak Brook Illinois 60521 1211 W. 22nd Street United States

Asystematic method has been devised for elimination of Compton-scatter for medical y-ray images by three dimensional emission tomography. The approach is based upon the collision-expansion formalism which arises from the integral-transport equation and is applicable to a wide variety of object and detector configurations. Approximate correlations for point-kernels are presented which allow considerable savings in computer time and storage requirements. Results for simulated images show that the approach is effective for suppressing scatter background and distortion from sources both in and out of the tomographic slice of interest. © 1980, IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Computed tomography Integral equations Electromagnetic scattering Particle scattering Image reconstruction Sampling methods Monte Carlo methods Attenuation Biomedical engineering Biomedical imaging

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THE FFG–7 GUIDED MISSLE FRIGATE program– MODEL FOR THE FUTURE?

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Naval Engineers Journal 1978年第3期90卷 93-105页

作者： BEECHER, JOHN D. DiTRAPANI, ANTHONY R. Captain John D. Beecher USN:is the Project Manager Guided Missile Frigate Ship Acquisition Project. He holds a BS degree in Naval Science from the U. S. Naval Academy a BS degree in Electrical Engineering from the U. S. Navy Postgraduate School and a MS degree in Aeronautics and Astronautics from MIT. He is a qualified Surface Warfare Officer who served for seventeen years in the unrestricted line. Captain Beecher's military decorations include the Meritorious Service Medal with Star in lieu of Second Award. Mr. Anthony R. DiTrapani:is the Deputy Project Manager of the Guided Missile Frigate Ship Acquisition Project. He received his BS degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin in 1958. He began his engineering career in the Navy's Bureau of Ships Steam Turbine and Gear Branch. specializing in steam turbine systems for nuclear submarines. In 1962 after completing graduate work at The George Washington University and a Navy–sponsored Electronics Training Program he joined the SQS–26 Sonar Project and served as Head of the Special Projects Section and subsequently the Test and Analysis Section until 1967. In 1967 he was selected to head the ASW Branch and later the Technical Management Plans Division for the DD–963 Ship Acquisition Project. Naval Sea Systems Command until 1971 when he was assigned to the FFG Project.

Late in 1970, Admiral E. R. Zumwalt, Chief of Naval Operations, directed that study begin towards development of a new class of ocean escort, now known as the FFG 7 (Oliver Hazard Perry) Class, to take over some of the duties of the Navy's World War II destroyers as these 25 year old ships are retired from the active Fleet. At the same time, the Department of Defense was significantly revising its basic policies for the development and acquisition of major weapons systems, and the FFG became the Navy's first major ship class acquisition under these new policies. These new policies, as announced in DOD Directive 5000.1, along with the program constraints imposed by the CNO, required the development of a philosophy and approach towards design, test and evaluation and acquisition which was significantly different from previous ship procurements. This paper summarizes the overall acquisition, T&E and logistic support plans for the FFG 7 Class as they were developed and implemented to meet these needs and constraints, discusses the ship trial results, and provides a commentary regarding the effectiveness of the approach and future applicability. © 1978 American Society of Naval Engineers

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THE RESERVE MERCHANT SHIP DEFENSE SYSTEM (RMSDS)

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Naval Engineers Journal 1977年第2期89卷 113-124页

作者： BASILE, NORMAN K. MASHIN, NORMAN P. Mr. Norman K. Basile received his MS degree in Mechanical Engineering from City University of New York in 1962. having been an Instructor of Marine Engineering and Training Officer at the New York State Maritime College. Fort Schuyler N. Y. from which he had received his BS degree in Marine Engineering in 1956. After working far various firms as a Marine Engineer he joined John J. McMullen Associates. Inc. (JJMA) as the Supervisor of Marine Engineering. In 1967 he was appointed Manager of Special Projects responsible for Chemical and LNG Transport Projects followed in 1969 by promotion to Vice President—Marine Engineering at which time he directed the company's efforts on the PF Program and the conceptual design of the AEGIS DG. Mr. Basile attained his present position as Executive Vice President. JJMA. in 1974 and in this capacity he now directs the efforts of the Technical Services Division and assists in establishing and implementing corporate management administrative. and fiscal policies. Mr. Norman P. Mashin received his MBA degree in Management for Engineers from Baruch College in 1971 and his BS degree in Nuclear Science from New York State Maritime College. Fort Schuyler. N. Y. in 1964. From 1964 until 1969 he was with Rosenblatt & Son Inc. in their Engineering Division where he went from Marine Engineer to Head of Machinery and Piping Preliminary Design Division and was responsible for all technical aspects of conceptual and preliminary design. Since 1970 he has been with John J. McMullen Associates. Inc. where he is presently Director. Programs Management responsible for the definition of technical requirements and deliverables work assignments and cost control. As Program Manager he directed all efforts for the Reserve Merchant Ship Defense System coordinating all aspects of design and construction effort both at JJMA and with the major subcontractors involved in the contract.

The prototype Reserve Merchant Ship Defense System (RMSDS) Facility will provide a base for naval helicopter operations on board a commercial Containership with minimal time and ship conversion effort. Basically, the design makes use of ISO dimensioned compatible modules to provide for living and operational support facilities for a Navy support detachment. Initially, the design has been developed to suit the LIGHTING Class of Containership and will support four SH—3H type helicopters and a naval detachment of sixty—five officers and men. This facility consist of four major elements, which are: Flight Deck, Accommodation Array, Hangar Array, and JP—5 Fuel System Storage and Service Array. Modular construction will be utilized to the maximum extent possible so as to aid in assembly, disassembly, and transportation of the RMSDS Facility. Interconnections between the various modules are all of the quick disconnect type, in keeping with the modular concept, thereby minimizing the potential for delays in assembly and disassembly. The RMSDS Facility is fully capable of sustaining and supporting SH—3 helicopter operations, including necessary command—and—control, maintenance/logistics support, integral personnel support facilities and provision of its own electric power for all uses within the complex. The services to be supplied by the host Containership are limited to fresh and salt water services as well as emergency electrical power (However, the RMSDS Facility DOES have additional back—up electrical power). Furthermore, to minimize development and fabrication costs of the RMSDS Facility, approved commercial marine equipment was utilized wherever possible. The logistic and tactical advantages, of the RMSDS/Intermodal Transportation System combination are explored and explained. Various alternative naval missions all utilizing various forms of VSTOL aircraft (SH—3, RH—53, CH—S3, AV—8A) are briefly described: Mine Counter Measures, Harbor Defense and Riverine Warfare, Ma

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