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Versatile tape-drive target for high-repetition-rate laser-driven proton acceleration

High Power Laser science and engineering 2023年第4期11卷 59-69页

作者： N.Xu M.J.V.Streeter O.C.Ettlinger H.Ahmed S.Astbury M.Borghesi N.Bourgeois C.B.Curry S.J.D.Dann N.P.Dover T.Dzelzainis V.Istokskaia M.Gauthier L.Giuffrida G.D.Glenn S.H.Glenzer R.J.Gray J.S.Green G.S.Hicks C.Hyland M.King B.Loughran D.Margarone O.McCusker P.McKenna C.Parisuaña P.Parsons C.Spindloe D.R.Symes F.Treffert C.A.J.Palmer Z.Najmudin John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonLondonUK School of Maths and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkUSA ELI Beamlines Centre Institute of PhysicsCASDolni BrezanyCzech Republic Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonCanada Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

We present the development and characterization of a high-stability,multi-material,multi-thickness tape-drive target for laser-driven acceleration at repetition rates of up to 100 *** tape surface position was measured to be stable on the sub-micrometre scale,compatible with the high-numerical aperture focusing geometries required to achieve relativistic intensity interactions with the pulse energy available in current multi-Hz and near-future higher repetition-rate lasers(>kHz).Long-term drift was characterized at 100 Hz demonstrating suitability for operation over extended *** target was continuously operated at up to 5 Hz in a recent experiment for 70,000 shots without intervention by the experimental team,with the exception of tape replacement,producing the largest data-set of relativistically intense laser–solid foil measurements to *** tape drive provides robust targetry for the generation and study of high-repetitionrate ion beams using next-generation high-power laser systems,also enabling wider applications of laser-driven proton sources.

关键词： high-repetition-rate laser target laser-plasma acceleration proton generation tape-drive target

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Continuous chemical redistribution following amorphous-to-crystalline structural ordering in a Zr-Cu-Al bulk metallic glass

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Journal of Materials science & Technology 2022年第6期101卷 285-293页

作者： Xuelian Wu Si Lan Xiyang Li Ming Yang Zhenduo Wu Xiaoya Wei Haiyan He Muhammad Naeem Jie Zhou Zhaoping Lu Elliot Paul Gilbert Dong Ma Xun-Li Wang Department of Physics City University of Hong KongHong KongChina Herbert Gleiter Institute of Nanoscience School of Materials Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Quantum Matter Institute University of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish Columbia V6T 1Z4Canada Neutron Sciences Platform Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguan 523808China Center for Neutron Scattering and Applied Physics City University of Hong Kong Dongguan Research InstituteDongguan 523000China State Key Laboratory for Advanced Metals and Materials University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Australian Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationLucas HeightsNew South Wales 2234Australia City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute Shenzhen 518057China

Bulk metallic glasses(BMGs)are thermodynamically *** such,crystallization occurs when a BMG is thermally annealed at a temperature above the glass transition *** extensive studies have been performed on the crystallization kinetics of BMGs,most of them have focused on the amorphous-to-crystalline structural ordering,and little attention has been paid to chemical distribution and its relationship with the structural ordering during the crystallization *** this paper,a new approach,with simultaneous differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and small angle neutron scatter-ing(SANS)measurements,was applied to study in situ the crystallization of a Zr_(45.5)Cu_(45.5)Al_(9)BMG upon isothermal annealing at a temperature in the supercooled liquid *** analysis of the DSC and SANS data showed that the structural evolution during isothermal annealing could be classified into three stages:(Ⅰ)incubation;(Ⅱ)amorphous-to-crystalline structural ordering;(Ⅲ)continuous chemical *** finding was validated by composition analysis with atom probe tomography(APT),which further identified a transition region formed by expelling Al into the *** transition re-gion,with a composition of(Cu,Al)_(50)Zr_(50),served as an intermediate step facilitating the formation of a thermodynamically stable crystalline phase with a composition of(Cu,Al)_(10)Zr_(7).

关键词： Bulk metallic glass Crystallization In situ Continuous chemical redistribution Transition region

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Structural and functional imaging of brains

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science China Chemistry 2023年第2期66卷 324-366页

作者： Zhichao Liu Ying Zhu Liming Zhang Weiping Jiang Yawei Liu Qiaowei Tang Xiaoqing Cai Jiang Li Lihua Wang Changlu Tao Xianzhen Yin Xiaowei Li Shangguo Hou Dawei Jiang Kai Liu Xin Zhou Hongjie Zhang Maili Liu Chunhai Fan Yang Tian Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes School of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringEast China Normal UniversityShanghai200241China Interdisciplinary Research Center Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation FacilityZhangjiang LaboratoryShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai201210China State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesWuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsWuhan430071China State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization Changchun Institute of Applied ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130022China Department of Chemistry Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesInstitute of Translational MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Interdisciplinary Center for Brain Information Brain Cognition and Brain Disease InstituteShenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research InstitutionsFaculty of Life and Health SciencesShenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen518055China Lingang Laboratory Shanghai201602China School of Biomedical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China Institute of Systems and Physical Biology Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhen518055China Department of Nuclear Medicine Union HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430022China

Analyzing the complex structures and functions of brain is the key issue to understanding the physiological and pathological *** neuronal morphology and local distribution of neurons/blood vessels in the brain have been known,the subcellular structures of cells remain challenging,especially in the live *** addition,the complicated brain functions involve numerous functional molecules,but the concentrations,distributions and interactions of these molecules in the brain are still poorly *** this review,frontier techniques available for multiscale structure imaging from organelles to the whole brain are first overviewed,including magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),computed tomography(CT),positron emission tomography(PET),serial-section electron microscopy(ss EM),light microscopy(LM)and synchrotron-based X-ray microscopy(XRM).Specially,XRM for three-dimensional(3D)imaging of large-scale brain tissue with high resolution and fast imaging speed is ***,the development of elegant methods for acquisition of brain functions from electrical/chemical signals in the brain is *** particular,the new electrophysiology technologies for neural recordings at the single-neuron level and in the brain are also *** also focus on the construction of electrochemical probes based on dual-recognition strategy and surface/interface chemistry for determination of chemical species in the brain with high selectivity and long-term stability,as well as electrochemophysiological microarray for simultaneously recording of electrochemical and electrophysiological signals in the ***,the recent development of brain MRI probes with high contrast-to-noise ratio(CNR)and sensitivity based on hyperpolarized techniques and multi-nuclear chemistry is ***,multiple optical probes and instruments,especially the optophysiological Raman probes and fiber Raman photometry,for imaging and biosensing in live brain are emphas

关键词： brain structure brain function brain chemistry chemical signal biosensing and bioimaging

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Quantitative Assessment Methodology for Emergency Evacuation Time in nuclear Power Plants

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Qian, Xin-Rong Liu, Yong-Kuo Jia, Ya-Hui Chen, Zhi-Tao Duan, Chengjie Ding, Peng Song, Juqing Fundamental Science on Nuclear Safety and Simulation Technology Laboratory Harbin Engineering University Harbin150001 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Lead-Bismuth Fast Reactor Project Department China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd Shenzhen518028 China School of Mechanical Engineering Dongguan University of Technology Songshan Lake Dongguan523808 China

In the context of a severe accident leading to the release and dispersion of a large amount of airborne radioactive materials from a nuclear power plant, this study focuses on the hypothetical accident simulation of the Hongyanhe nuclear Power Plant (LNPP) to calculate and evaluate emergency evacuation times in off-site emergency responses. Adhering to the principle of ‘one plant, one case,’ and integrating human geography information around the nuclear power plant, assembly points within the emergency planning zone are selected, and resettlement points outside the zone are identified. The Dijkstra algorithm is employed to construct and assess evacuation routes. Simultaneously, a simulation of the dispersion of radioactive materials in the event of an accident at the LNPP is conducted to study the trajectory of airborne radioactive material dispersion, ground deposition, and near-surface diffusion, providing essential parameters for post-accident consequence assessment. Furthermore, considering various common weather scenarios in the region, the evacuation time of emergency vehicles and the public's exposure dosage are calculated. In the event of a nuclear accident, this study may serve as a reference for government agencies to optimize emergency evacuation plans within the evacuation area. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： nuclear power plants

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Fast Reaction Kinetics and Commendable Low-Temperature Adaptability of Zinc Batteries Enabled by Aprotic Water-Acetamide Symbiotic Solvation Sheath (vol 63, e202316841, 2024)

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ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION 2024年第25期63卷 e202316841-e202316841页

作者： Wang, Shuyun Chen, Shengmei Ying, Yiran Li, Gang Wang, Haipeng Cheung, Ka Kiu Keith Meng, Qingjun Huang, Haitao Ma, Longtao Zapien, Juan Antonio School of Materials Science and Engineering Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Storage Materials South China University of Technology Guangzhou 510641 P. R. China Department of Materials and Science Engineering City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong P. R. China Department of Applied Physics and Research Institute for Smart Energy The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom Kowloon P. R. China Frontiers Science center for Flexible Electronics Institute of Flexible Electronics Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi'an 710072 P. R. China College of Nuclear Equipment and Nuclear Engineering Yantai University No. 30 Qingquan Road Shandong 264005 China Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Weiyang University Campus Xi'an 710021 China

Although rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries are cost effectiveness, intrinsicly safe, and high activity, they are also known for bringing rampant hydrogen evolution reaction and corrosion. While eutectic electrolytes can effectively eliminate these issues, its high viscosity severely reduces the mobility of Zn2+ ions and exhibits poor temperature adaptability. Here, we infuse acetamide molecules with Lewis base and hydrogen bond donors into a solvated shell of Zn[(H2O)6]2+ to create Zn(H2O)3(ace)(BF4)2. The viscosity of 1ace-1H2O is 0.032 Pa s, significantly lower than that of 1ace-0H2O (995.6 Pa s), which improves ionic conductivity (9.56 mS cm−1) and shows lower freezing point of −45 °C, as opposed to 1ace-0H2O of 4.04 mS cm−1 and 12 °C, respectively. The acidity of 1ace-1H2O is ≈2.8, higher than 0ace-1H2O at ≈0.76, making side reactions less likely. Furthermore, benefiting from the ZnCO3/ZnF2-rich organic/inorganic solid electrolyte interface, the Zn || Zn cells cycle more than 1300 hours at 1 mA cm−2, and the Zn || Cu operated over 1800 cycles with an average Coulomb efficiency of ≈99.8 %. The Zn || PANI cell cycled over 8500 cycles, with a specific capacity of 99.8 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 at room temperature, and operated at −40 °C with a capacity of 66.8 mAh g−1.

关键词： Electrochemistry Solid Electrolyte Interface Solvation Shell Zinc Battery

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Measurement of tungsten impurity spectra with a two-crystal X-ray crystal spectrometer on EAST

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Plasma science and Technology 2020年第8期22卷 14-19页

作者： Liang HE Jun CHEN Fudi WANG Jinjia CAO Hongming ZHANG Jia FU Yingying LI Yichao LI Bin BIN Qingjiang YU Shunkuan WAN Jin YANG Xunyu WANG Bo LYU Xueyu GONG Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People's Republic of China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001People's Republic of China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People's Republic of China

Spectral measurement of tungsten(W)impurity is essential to study impurity ***,an X-ray crystal spectrometer(XCS)on EAST was used to measure the line spectra from highly ionized W *** EAST,both poloidal XCS and tangential XCS have been developed to measure the plasma temperature as well as the rotation ***,He-like and H-like argon spectra have also been obtained using a two-crystal setup.W lines are identified in this *** a careful analysis,the W lines of 3.9336,3.9321,and 3.664(A)are found to be diffracted by He-like or H-like *** lines are confirmed with the NIST *** also calculated the ion temperature with Doppler broadening of these *** ion temperature from the W lines is entirely consistent with that from Ar line *** measurement of these W line spectra could be used to study W impurity transport in future work.

关键词： tungsten spectra X-ray crystal spectrometer two-crystal

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Phonon softening and electron-phonon coupling in the topological nodal-line semimetal ZrGeSe

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Physical Review Materials 2024年第3期8卷 034201-034201页

作者： Weiyao Zhao Enamul Haque Lei Guo David Cortie Lei Chen Bahadir Salmankurt Xiaolin Wang Ren-Kui Zheng Nikhil V. Medhekar Julie Karel Kirrily C. Rule Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2500 Australia Department of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies Monash University Clayton Victoria 3800 Australia School of Physics Southeast University Nanjing 211189 China School of Physics University of Wollongong Wollongong New South Wales 2522 Australia Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation Lucas Heights New South Wales 2234 Australia School of Physics and Materials Science Guangzhou University Guangzhou 510006 China Distance Education Center Sakarya University of Applied Sciences Sakarya 54001 Turkey

ZrGeSe is one of the most well-known topological nodal-line semimetals, which possesses linearly dispersive electronic bands near the Fermi surface. However, the lattice-dynamics study and its interaction with the electronic system have not been investigated. We employed the inelastic neutron-scattering method to study the lattice dynamics of ZrGeSe single crystals. The measured acoustic phonon dispersions were compared with lattice-dynamics calculations, with an overall good agreement with theory; however, both the longitudinal and the transverse acoustic phonon dispersions along the (q00) directions demonstrate significant softening, unexpectedly in contrast with the theoretical predictions. Complementary ab initio molecular dynamics simulations indicate an anomalous temperature dependency in the vibrational spectroscopy. We show that strong electron-phonon coupling exists along the Γ-M−X directions and argue that the phonon softening is induced by such electron-phonon coupling.

关键词： Topological materials First-principles calculations Inelastic neutron scattering

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Effects of reflection distance on Richtmyer–Meshkov instability in the reshock process: A discrete Boltzmann study

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lai, Huilin Lin, Chuandong Li, Demei Yang, Tao Gan, Yanbiao Lian, Lingyan Xu, Aiguo Fujian Normal University Fuzhou350117 China Sino-French Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Technology Sun Yat-sen University Zhuhai519082 China Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Energy and Power Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Hebei Key Laboratory of Trans-Media Aerial Underwater Vehicle School of Liberal Arts and Sciences North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering Langfang065000 China National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P. O. Box 8009-26 Beijing100088 China National Key Laboratory of Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Mianyang621999 China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Safety Protection Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China

The Richtmyer–Meshkov (RM) instability occurs when a perturbed interface between two fluids undergoes impulsive acceleration due to a shock wave. In this paper, a numerical investigation of the RM instability during the reshock process is conducted using the two-component discrete Boltzmann method. The influence of reflection distance on the RM instability, including both hydrodynamic and thermodynamic non-equilibrium effects, is explored in detail. The interaction time between the reflected shock wave and the material interface varies with different reflection distances. Larger reflection distances lead to a longer evolution time of the material interface before reshock, resulting in more complex effects on the interface deformation, the mixing extent of the fluid system, and non-equilibrium behaviors after reshock. Additionally, while the reflection distance has a minimal impact on mixing entropy before the secondary impact, a significant difference emerges after the secondary impact. This suggests that the secondary impact enhances the evolution of the RM instability. Furthermore, non-equilibrium behaviors or quantities exhibit complex dynamics due to the influence of the transmitted shock wave, transverse waves, rarefaction waves, material interfaces, and dissipation/diffusion processes. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Shock waves

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Development of vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy for measuring edge impurity emission in the EAST tokamak

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Plasma science and Technology 2020年第8期22卷 8-13页

作者： Hongming ZHANG Bo LYU Liang HE Yongcai SHEN Jun CHEN Jia FU Bin BIN Xunyu WANG Fudi WANG Yingying LI Ling ZHANG Bing LIU Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031People's Republic of China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001People's Republic of China School of Physics and Electrical Engineering Anqing Normal UniversityAnqing 246011People's Republic of China Department of Engineering and Applied Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026People's Republic of China Institute of Fusion Science School of Physical Science and TechnologySouthwestern Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031People's Republic of China

The dominant wavelength range of edge impurity emissions moves from the visible range to the vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)range,as heating power increasing in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The measurement provided by the existing visible spectroscopies in EAST is not sufficient for impurity transport studies for high-parameters ***,in this study,a VUV spectroscopy is newly developed to measure edge impurity emissions in *** Seya-Namioka VUV spectrometer(McPherson 234/302)is used in the system,equipped with a concave-corrected holographic grating with groove density of 600 grooves *** line emissions can be observed in the wavelength range ofλ=50-700 nm,covering VUV,near ultraviolet and visible *** observed vertical range is Z=-350-350 *** minimum sampling time can be set to 5 ms under full vertical binning(FVB)*** spectroscopy has been used to measure the edge impurity emission for the 2019 EAST experimental *** spectra are identified for several impurity species,i.e.,lithium(Li),carbon(C),oxygen(O),and iron(Fe).Several candidates for tungsten(W)lines are also measured but their clear identification is very difficult due to a strong overlap with Fe *** evolutions of impurity carbon emissions of CⅡat 134.5 nm and CⅢat 97.7 nm are analyzed to prove the system capability of time-resolved *** measurements of the VUV spectroscopy are very helpful for edge impurity transport study in the high-parameters plasma in EAST.

关键词： EAST tokamak impurity tungsten vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy edge impurity emission plasma diagnostics

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Automated control and optimization of laser-driven ion acceleration

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High Power Laser science and engineering 2023年第3期11卷 32-40页

作者： B.Loughran M.J.V.Streeter H.Ahmed S.Astbury M.Balcazar M.Borghesi N.Bourgeois C.B.Curry S.J.D.Dann S.DiIorio N.P.Dover T.Dzelzainis O.C.Ettlinger M.Gauthier L.Giuffrida G.D.Glenn S.H.Glenzer J.S.Green R.J.Gray G.S.Hicks C.Hyland V.Istokskaia M.King D.Margarone O.McCusker P.McKenna Z.Najmudin C.Parisuaña P.Parsons C.Spindloe D.R.Symes A.G.R.Thomas F.Treffert N.Xu C.A.J.Palmer School of Mathematics and Physics Queen’s University BelfastBelfastUK Central Laser Facility STFC Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryDidcotUK Gérard Mourou Center for Ultrafast Optical Science University of MichiganAnn ArborMIUSA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCAUSA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of AlbertaEdmontonABCanada The John Adams Institute for Accelerator Science Imperial College LondonLondonUK ELI Beamlines Centre Institute of PhysicsCzech Academy of SciencesDolníBˇrežanyCzech Republic Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Physics SUPAUniversity of StrathclydeGlasgowUK Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering Czech Technical University in PraguePragueCzech Republic Department of Mechanical Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Institut für Kernphysik Technische Universität DarmstadtDarmstadtGermany

The interaction of relativistically intense lasers with opaque targets represents a highly non-linear,multi-dimensional parameter *** limits the utility of sequential 1D scanning of experimental parameters for the optimization of secondary radiation,although to-date this has been the accepted methodology due to low data acquisition *** repetition-rate(HRR)lasers augmented by machine learning present a valuable opportunity for efficient source ***,an automated,HRR-compatible system produced high-fidelity parameter scans,revealing the influence of laser intensity on target pre-heating and proton generation.A closed-loop Bayesian optimization of maximum proton energy,through control of the laser wavefront and target position,produced proton beams with equivalent maximum energy to manually optimized laser pulses but using only 60%of the laser *** demonstration of automated optimization of laser-driven proton beams is a crucial step towards deeper physical insight and the construction of future radiation sources.

关键词： Bayesian optimization high repetition-rate laser-target interaction laser-driven particle acceleration proton generation

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