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Autonomous Electron Tomography Reconstruction with Machine Learning

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arXiv

arXiv 2023年

作者： Millsaps, William Schwartz, Jonathan Di, Zichao Wendy Jiang, Yi Hovden, Robert Department of Nuclear Engineering & Radiological Sciences University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Advanced Photon Source Facility Argonne National Laboratory LemontIL United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States

This manuscript is published in Microscopy and Microanalysis (DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad083). Modern electron tomography has progressed to higher resolution at lower doses by leveraging compressed sensing methods that minimize total variation (TV). However, these sparsity-emphasized reconstruction algorithms introduce tunable parameters that greatly influence the reconstruction quality. Here, Pareto front analysis shows that high-quality tomograms are reproducibly achieved when TV minimization is heavily weighted. However, in excess, compressed sensing tomography creates overly smoothed 3D reconstructions. Adding momentum to the gradient descent during reconstruction reduces the risk of over-smoothing and better ensures that compressed sensing is well behaved. For simulated data, the tedious process of tomography parameter selection is efficiently solved using Bayesian optimization with Gaussian processes. In combination, Bayesian optimization with momentum-based compressed sensing greatly reduces the required compute time-an 80% reduction was observed for the 3D reconstruction of SrTiO3 nanocubes. Automated parameter selection is necessary for large scale tomographic simulations that enable the 3D characterization of a wider range of inorganic and biological materials. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Compressed sensing

Visualizing Field-free Deterministic Magnetic Switching of all–van der Waals Spin-Orbit Torque System Using Spin Ensembles in Hexagonal Boron Nitride

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arXiv

arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhang, Xi Zhou, Jingcheng Hu, Chaowei Deng, Kuangyin Wang, Chuangtang Agarwal, Nishkarsh Jin, Hanshang Al-Matouq, Faris A. Xu, Stelo Trivedi, Roshan S. Li, Senlei Rathi, Sumedh Lu, Hanyi Jiang, Zhigang Taufour, Valentin Hovden, Robert Zhao, Liuyan Cheng, Ran Xu, Xiaodong Chu, Jiun-Haw Du, Chunhui Rita Wang, Hailong School of Physics Georgia Institute of Technology AtlantaGA30332 United States Department of Physics University of Washington SeattleWA98105 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California DavisCA95616 United States Department of Physics University of California San Diego La Jolla CA92093 United States Applied Physics Program University of Michigan Ann ArborMI48109 United States Department of Physics and Astronomy University of California RiversideCA92521 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Washington SeattleWA98105 United States

Recently, optically active spin defects embedded in van der Waals (vdW) crystals have emerged as a transformative quantum sensing platform to explore cutting-edge materials science and quantum physics. Taking advantage of excellent solid-state integrability, this new class of spin defects can be arranged in controllable nanoscale proximity of target materials in vdW heterostructures, showing great promise for improving spatial resolution and field sensitivity of current sensing technologies. Building on this state-of-the-art measurement platform, here we report hexagonal boron nitride-based quantum imaging of field-free deterministic magnetic switching of room-temperature two-dimensional magnet Fe3GaTe2 in an all-vdW spin-orbit torque (SOT) system. By visualizing SOT-driven variations of nanoscale Fe3GaTe2 magnetic stray field profile under different conditions, we have revealed how the observed magnetic switching evolves from deterministic to indeterministic behavior due to the interplay between out-of-plane spins, in-plane spins and Joule heating. This understanding, which is otherwise difficult to access by conventional transport measurements, offers valuable insights on material design, testing, and evaluation of next-generation vdW spintronic devices. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Van der Waals forces

Accelerating Radiochemistry Development: Automated Robotic Platform for Performing Up to 64 Droplet Radiochemical Reactions in a Morning

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Jones, Jason Do, Viviann Lu, Yingqing van Dam, R. Michael Los AngelesCA United States Physics and Biology in Medicine Interdepartmental Graduate Program UCLA United States Department of Molecular & Medical Pharmacology David Geffen School of Medicine UCLA United States Department of Biochemistry UCLA United States Department of Bioengineering Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science UCLA United States

The growing discovery and development of novel radiopharmaceuticals and radiolabeling methods requires an increasing capacity for radiochemistry experiments. However, such studies typically rely on radiosynthesizers designed for clinical batch production rather than research, greatly limiting throughput. Two general solutions are being pursued to address this: developing new synthesis optimization algorithms to minimize how many experiments are needed, and developing apparatus with enhanced experiment throughput. We describe here a novel high-throughput system based on performing arrays of droplet-based reactions at 10 μL volume scale in parallel. The automatic robotic platform can perform a set of 64 experiments in ~3 h (from isotope loading to crude product, plus sampling onto TLC plates), plus ~1 h for off-line radio-TLC analysis and radioactivity measurements, rather than the weeks or months that would be needed using a conventional system. We show the high repeatability and low crosstalk of the platform and demonstrate optimization studies for two 18F-labeled tracers. This novel automated platform greatly increases the practicality of performing arrays of droplet reactions by eliminating human error, vastly reducing tedium and fatigue, minimizing radiation exposure, and freeing up radiochemist time for more intellectually valuable pursuits. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drops

Hierarchical Porous Cellulose Monolith Prepared by Thermally Induced Phase Separation for High-Efficiency Uranium Adsorption

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Sun, Peng Ma, Lin Liao, Jian Wang, Jiejun Huang, Chen Xu, Lu Wang, Jie Fu, Mengtao Zhou, Qingzhi Ma, Hongjuan Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Radon Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South China Hengyang421001 China Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China College of Ocean Engineering Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Guilin University of Electronic Technology Beihai536000 China

The development and application of new and efficient adsorption materials are key issues in the treatment of nuclear wastewater. This paper introduces a novel hierarchical porous amidoxime cellulose monolith synthesized through thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) using low-cost, biodegradable, and renewable natural cellulose. This monolith demonstrates remarkable efficacy in adsorbing uranyl ion. The inherent hydrophilicity of natural cellulose, coupled with the hierarchical porous structure achieved through TIPS, imparts strong mass transfer capabilities to the material. The adsorption properties of this amidoxime cellulose monolith for uranyl ions were evaluated in both batch and flow-through column adsorption scenarios. Remarkably, the adsorption saturation was achieved within a concise period of 13 h in batch adsorption. The hierarchical porous structure of the amidoxime cellulose monolith exhibited exceptional adsorption performance for uranyl ion, achieving a removal rate of 99.99%. Moreover, this removal rate was sustained for 200 min, and the monolith proved recyclable for at least 5 cycles in flow-through column adsorption tests involving nuclear wastewater. When used for adsorption in real wastewater environments, the material achieved the removal of over 99.96% of total α and β radioactivity. These findings underscore the high efficiency of the newly developed hierarchical porous amidoxime cellulose monolith in uranyl ion adsorption. They emphasize its substantial potential for the efficient adsorption and removal of uranyl ion from nuclear wastewater. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Cellulose

Quantum Protocol for Decision Making and Verifying Truthfulness among N-quantum Parties: Solution and Extension of the Quantum Coin Flipping Game

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arXiv

arXiv 2022年

作者： Ikeda, Kazuki Lowe, Adam Stony Brook University United States Center For Nuclear Theory Department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University United States College of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Engineering and Applied Science Aston University BirminghamB4 7ET United Kingdom

We devised a protocol that allows two parties, who may malfunction or intentionally convey incorrect information in communication through a quantum channel, to verify each other’s measurements and agree on each other’s results. This has particular relevance in a modified version of the quantum coin flipping game where the possibility of the players cheating is now removed. Furthermore, the analysis is extended to N-parties communicating with each other, where we propose multiple solutions for the verification of each player’s measurement. The results in the N-party scenario could have particular relevance for the implementation of future quantum networks, where verification of quantum information is a necessity. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Decision making

Insight into the Re-Deposition Equilibrium of Sn Contaminant on Euv Multi-Layer Mirror Surface During Hydrogen Plasma Cleaning

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Sishu Ye, Zongbiao Wu, Andong Lu, Qipeng Song, Yuan Yu, Xingang Wei, Jianjun Gao, Tao Gou, Fujun Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology Ministry of Education Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Sichuan University Chengdu610064 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou730000 China Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130033 China State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun China Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100049 China Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu610064 China

The multi-layer mirror (MLM) self-driven plasma cleaning method is expected to be a potentially applicable technology to remove Sn contaminants during EUV lithography. The DFT calculation results indicate that the adsorption energy of adjacent Sn atom on Ru reaches -1.07 eV and would gradually desorb from Ru in forming SnHn after bonding with hydrogen atoms. The plasma-cleaning experiment results demonstrate that the removal rate for superficial Sn was relatively fast (reaching 6 nm/h) and would drop slowly as the contamination thickness decreased. Interestingly, the Sn contamination could not be cleared completely, although extending the treatment time to 24 h, and reached a fixed value (with an impurity proportion of ~0.35%) and remained stable. To clarify the matrix effects of Ru, a non-catalytic Si substrate (with adsorption energy of ~-0.1 eV) was introduced to illustrate the dynamic equilibrium between hydrogen plasma cleaning and the re-deposition of SnH4. The residual amount of Sn on Si (with an impurity proportion of ~0.15%) is less than that of Ru, suggesting its strong interfacial adsorption and catalytic action for SnH4 decomposition. This study reveals the interaction mechanism between hydrogen plasma and Sn contaminant on MLM, providing technical and theoretical references for MLM cleaning. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Adsorption

Investigation of the Ion Thermal Effect on Tin Contamination in Low-Temperature Hydrogen Plasma Cleaning

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Wang, Sishu Wu, Andong Lu, Qipeng Song, Yuan Yu, Xingang Wei, Jianjun Gou, Fujun Ye, Zongbiao Pu, Guo Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Sichuan University Chengdu610064 China Institute of Modern Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Lanzhou730000 China Changchun Institute of Optics Fine Mechanics and Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130033 China State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics Changchun China Key Laboratory of Optical System Advanced Manufacturing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun China School of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of Science Beijing100049 China Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics Sichuan University Chengdu610064 China

The tin contamination is one of the crucial issues faced by Sn-based Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) light sources and the ITER fusion program. Based on the synergistic effect of hydrogen atoms and ions on tin atoms (generating SnH4), the tin contaminations would be expected to achieve efficient and non-destructive cleaning on the multilayer mirror (MLM) or first mirror (FM) surface by its self-discharge hydrogen plasma cleaning. A comprehensive evaluation of the surface ion energy distribution of MLM was conducted at 1 W, considering the influence of plasma sheath on ion energy. The ion energy distribution at the electrode surface is 23-40 eV and mainly concentrates at 32 eV. The calculation results indicate that the thermal effect of ions on tin (about 307.2 kJ/mol) is higher than the melting enthalpy of tin (7.08 kJ/mol), which could be caused by the local melting of tin particles, as evidenced by the apparent changes in morphology observed after plasma cleaning at 1 W. The comparative experiments of hydrogen atom cleaning, annealing, and re-deposition confirm that the ion-induced thermal effect is the leading cause of tin particle deformation. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ions

Reed pyrolysis system using multi-stage quench scheme for furfural and chemical production: Process analysis and life cycle assessment

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Fuel 2025年 400卷

作者： Xu, Juntian Pan, Hongmin Zhou, Shaomin Haijin, Lan Zhan, Lulu Wang, Saige Li, Rui Wu, Yulong MOE Engineering Center of Forestry Biomass Materials and Bioenergy Beijing Forestry University Beijing100083 China Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry Beijing Forestry University Beijing100083 China Ulansuhai Nur Ecological Protection Center Inner Mongolia 015000 China Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Beijing Engineering Research Center for Biofuels Beijing100084 China School of Energy and Environmental Engineering University of Science & Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Program International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis Laxenburg2361 Australia

This study presents an efficient utilization strategy for reed pyrolysis products, focusing on furfural as the primary product, along with acetic acid, wood vinegar, and phenol-rich oil. Based on this, the Energy-Integration Resource Utilization (EIRU) process, which incorporates a multi-stage quenching method, is developed. This process effectively removes most water from the main organic compounds during condensation by harnessing the internal heat of the high-temperature pyrolysis product stream from the reactor. Compared to conventional pyrolysis process, the EIRU can reduce energy consumption by 50 %. Life cycle assessment reveals that the EIRU process significantly reduces key environmental impact factors, including 90.15 kg CO2 eq. reduction in Global Warming Potential (GWP), 22.95 kg 1,4-DB eq. reduction in Human Toxicity Potential (HTP), and 1.86 kg Sb eq. reduction in Abiotic Depletion Potential (ADP). Additionally, the EIRU process yields a profit of 151.69 USD/ton, which is 14.81 USD/ton higher than the conventional process. This study highlights the superior environmental and economic performance of the EIRU process, positioning it as a more sustainable and profitable solution for reed pyrolysis. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Furfural

Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Reactor: An Integrated nuclear-Based Energy Production and Conversion System

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Dalin Li, Xinyu Jiang, Dianqiang Zhou, Xingguang Lv, Xindi Yun, Shichang Wu, Wenqiang He, Xuanang Li, Haoyang Min, Xin Chen, Kailong Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Zhao, Quanbin Fu, Yao Tang, Chuntao Zhuo, Wenbin Li, Jinggang Zuo, Jiaxu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai201800 China Shanghai Nuclear Engineering Research & Design Institute Co. Ltd. Shanghai200233 China CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Guangdong Shenzhen518000 China Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center Ministry of Ecology and Environment Beijing100082 China

Based on the analysis of energy structure and the development trends of advanced nuclear energy technology, combining the complementary advantages of nuclear energy and other energy sources in China, the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor(FuSTAR) system has been proposed. FuSTAR system is designed to address production capacity issues in areas with energy shortages or resource concentration and can be combined with high-temperature process heat to achieve high-value-added processes such as hydrogen production. In this paper, the design and optimization processes of FuSTAR are described from three aspects: the neutronic and thermal-hydraulic system, the thermal transport system, and the power cycle system. Tri-structural isotropic fuel combined with helical cruciform elements has been studied in detail on the neutron physics and thermal-hydraulic properties, and the flow and heat transfer experiment is carried out for the first time. The multilayer nonlinear programming method has been applied to the design of thermal transport systems and the passive residual heat removal system and proved to be fast and efficient. Then the optimal parameters and configuration of the thermoelectric conversion system are obtained directly by using the superstructure optimization method, which saves computing resources greatly. Based on the above design and parameters, the inherent safety of FuSTAR is demonstrated through deterministic safety analysis. In addition, the iodine-sulfur cycle technology is also designed and analyzed, and the characteristics of tritium production in FuSTAR are calculated. The research provides important guidance for the detailed design and operation of FuSTAR. Moreover, this study highlights the significant potential of integrating nuclear energy with other energy sources in an optimized energy-production system. Based on the current research findings, prospects for future research directions are also suggested. © 2023, The Authors. All rights r

关键词： High temperature reactors