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Avian photoreceptor patterns represent a disordered hyperuniform solution to a multiscale packing problem

Physical Review E 2014年第2期89卷 022721-022721页

作者： Yang Jiao Timothy Lau Haralampos Hatzikirou Michael Meyer-Hermann Joseph C. Corbo Salvatore Torquato Princeton Institute of the Science and Technology of Materials Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08540 USA Materials Science and Engineering Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287 USA Department of Pathology and Immunology Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis Missouri 63110 USA Department of Systems Immunology Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig Germany Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany Department of Chemistry Department of Physics Program in Computational and Applied Mathematics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey 08544 USA

Optimal spatial sampling of light rigorously requires that identical photoreceptors be arranged in perfectly regular arrays in two dimensions. Examples of such perfect arrays in nature include the compound eyes of insects and the nearly crystalline photoreceptor patterns of some fish and reptiles. Birds are highly visual animals with five different cone photoreceptor subtypes, yet their photoreceptor patterns are not perfectly regular. By analyzing the chicken cone photoreceptor system consisting of five different cell types using a variety of sensitive microstructural descriptors, we find that the disordered photoreceptor patterns are “hyperuniform” (exhibiting vanishing infinite-wavelength density fluctuations), a property that had heretofore been identified in a unique subset of physical systems, but had never been observed in any living organism. Remarkably, the patterns of both the total population and the individual cell types are simultaneously hyperuniform. We term such patterns “multihyperuniform” because multiple distinct subsets of the overall point pattern are themselves hyperuniform. We have devised a unique multiscale cell packing model in two dimensions that suggests that photoreceptor types interact with both short- and long-ranged repulsive forces and that the resultant competition between the types gives rise to the aforementioned singular spatial features characterizing the system, including multihyperuniformity. These findings suggest that a disordered hyperuniform pattern may represent the most uniform sampling arrangement attainable in the avian system, given intrinsic packing constraints within the photoreceptor epithelium. In addition, they show how fundamental physical constraints can change the course of a biological optimization process. Our results suggest that multihyperuniform disordered structures have implications for the design of materials with novel physical properties and therefore may represent a fruitful area for future research

关键词： PHOTORECEPTORS ARRAY processing BIRDS MULTISCALE modeling SAMPLING (Signal processing) EPITHELIUM

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Isomer Decay Spectroscopy of Sm164 and Gd166: Midshell Collectivity Around N=100

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Physical Review Letters 2014年第26期113卷 262502-262502页

作者： Z. Patel P.-A. Söderström Zs. Podolyák P. H. Regan P. M. Walker H. Watanabe E. Ideguchi G. S. Simpson H. L. Liu S. Nishimura Q. Wu F. R. Xu F. Browne P. Doornenbal G. Lorusso S. Rice L. Sinclair T. Sumikama J. Wu Z. Y. Xu N. Aoi H. Baba F. L. Bello Garrote G. Benzoni R. Daido Y. Fang N. Fukuda G. Gey S. Go A. Gottardo N. Inabe T. Isobe D. Kameda K. Kobayashi M. Kobayashi T. Komatsubara I. Kojouharov T. Kubo N. Kurz I. Kuti Z. Li M. Matsushita S. Michimasa C.-B. Moon H. Nishibata I. Nishizuka A. Odahara E. Şahin H. Sakurai H. Schaffner H. Suzuki H. Takeda M. Tanaka J. Taprogge Zs. Vajta A. Yagi R. Yokoyama Department of Physics University of Surrey Guildford GU2 7XH United Kingdom RIKEN Nishina Center 2-1 Hirosawa Wako-shi Saitama 351-0198 Japan National Physical Laboratory Teddington Middlesex TW11 0LW United Kingdom International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the Cosmos Beihang University Beijing 100191 China School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering Beihang University Beijing 100191 China Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) Osaka University Ibaraki Osaka 567-0047 Japan Department of Physics Osaka University Machikaneyama-machi 1-1 Osaka 560-0043 Toyonaka Japan LPSC Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble 1 CNRS/IN2P3 Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble F-38026 Grenoble Cedex France Department of Applied Physics School of Science Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University Beijing 100871 China School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics University of Brighton Brighton BN2 4JG United Kingdom Department of Physics University of York Heslington York YO10 5DD United Kingdom Department of Physics Tohoku University Aoba Sendai Miyagi 980-8578 Japan Department of Physics University of Tokyo Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Department of Physics University of Oslo Oslo Norway INFN Sezione di Milano I-20133 Milano Italy Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) University of Tokyo Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro I-35020 Legnaro Italy Department of Physics Rikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan Research Facility Center for Pure and Applied Science University of Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8577 Japan Rare Isotope Science Project Institute for Basic Science Daejeon 305-811 Korea GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH 64291 Darmstadt Germany Institute for Nuclear Research Hungarian Academy of Sciences P. O. Box 51 Debrec

Excited states in the N=102 isotones Gd166 and Sm164 have been observed following isomeric decay for the first time at RIBF, RIKEN. The half-lives of the isomeric states have been measured to be 950(60) and 600(140) ns for Gd166 and Sm164, respectively. Based on the decay patterns and potential energy surface calculations, including β6 deformation, a spin and parity of 6− has been assigned to the isomeric states in both nuclei. Collective observables are discussed in light of the systematics of the region, giving insight into nuclear shape evolution. The decrease in the ground-band energies of Gd166 and Sm164 (N=102) compared to Gd164 and Sm162 (N=100), respectively, presents evidence for the predicted deformed shell closure at N=100.

关键词： EXCITED states ENERGY levels (Quantum mechanics) METASTABLE states GADOLINIUM nuclear isomers

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Development of prompt gamma-ray analysis using guided neutrons at JRR-3

Development of prompt gamma-ray analysis using guided neutro...

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2013 Winter Meeting on Transactions and Embedded Topical Meetings: Risk Management for Complex Socio-Technical Systems, 2nd ANS SMR 2013 Conference, nuclear Nonproliferation - 1st Fission to the Future

作者： Ebihara, M. Islam, M.A. Toh, Y. Harada, H. Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan Research Group for Applied Nuclear Physics Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology Savar Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh

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Single pass core design of Super LWR

Single pass core design of Super LWR

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作者： Wu, Jianhui Oka, Yoshiaki Applied Physics Department Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan Nuclear Energy Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering Waseda University 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku Tokyo 169-8555 Japan

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Application of TDGL model to B2 type ordering with two step phase separation in Fe-Ni-Al alloys

Application of TDGL model to B2 type ordering with two step ...

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21st International Materials Research Congress, IMRC 2012

作者： Oguma, Ryuichiro Matsumura, Syo Doi, Minoru Hata, Satoshi Ogata, Keisuke Department of Applied Physics Fukuoka University Fukuoka 814-0180 Japan Department of Applied Quantum Physics and Nuclear Engineering Kyushu University Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan Department of Mechanical Engineering Aichi Institute of Technology Toyota 470-0392 Japan Department of Electrical and Material Science Kyushu University Kasuga 816-8580 Japan Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science Kyushu University Kasuga 816-8580 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)9781632661258

Formation of domain structures in two-step phase separation in Fe-based Fe-Ni-Al alloys are investigated by applying a time-dependent Ginzburg-Landau (TDGL) model. The present authors recently developed a TDGL formulation for ordering processes of B2 and D03 in binary alloys, taking into account the symmetrical relationships between these ordered phases. In this formulation, multiple types of variants of the structures are represented by three order parameters which can be measured independently through crystal structure factors. Mean-field free energies are defined in a form of Landau type expansion with the order parameters and a composition parameter. Interfacial energies due to local variations of degrees of order and composition are given in a gradient square approximation. Kinetic equations for time-evolution of the order parameters and the composition one are derived from the Ginzburg-Landau type potential consisting of the mean-field free energies and the interfacial energy terms. On the other hand, coauthors have investigated domain structures in two-step phase separation of Fe-based Fe-Ni-Al alloys. The evolution of three-dimensional domain structures and composition profiles has been analyzed by electron tomography imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. In this work the authors performed three-dimensional numerical simulations assuming the thermal processing. The results of the simulations well reproduced the characteristics of the micro-structures obtained from the observations. © 2013 Materials Research Society.

关键词： Phase separation

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Microshells: Photoresponsive Monodisperse Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Microshells for Tunable Omnidirectional Lasing Enabled by a Visible Light-Driven Chiral Molecular Switch (Advanced Optical Materials 9/2014)

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Advanced Optical Materials 2014年第9期2卷

作者： Lujian Chen Yannian Li Jing Fan Hari Krishna Bisoyi David A. Weitz Quan Li Department of Electronic Engineering School of Information Science and Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program Kent State University Kent OH 44242 USA

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Development of prompt gamma-ray analysis using spallation neutrons at J-PARC

Development of prompt gamma-ray analysis using spallation ne...

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作者： Toh, Y. Ebihara, M. Harada, H. Research Group for Applied Nuclear Physics Japan Atomic Energy Agency Tokai Ibaraki 319-1195 Japan Graduate School of Science and Engineering Tokyo Metropolitan University 1-1 Minami-osawa Hachioji Tokyo 192-0397 Japan

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Study of Xbmeson production in pp collisions at √s=7 and 8 TeV and observation of the decay Xb(3P) → ϒ (3S) γ

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European Physical Journal C 2014年第10期74卷 1-13页

作者： Aaij, R. Adeva, B. Adinolfi, M. Affolder, A. Ajaltouni, Z. Akar, S. Albrecht, J. Alessio, F. Alexander, M. Ali, S. Alkhazov, G. Alvarez Cartelle, P. Alves, A.A. Amato, S. Amerio, S. Amhis, Y. An, L. Anderlini, L. Anderson, J. Andreassen, R. Andreotti, M. Andrews, J.E. Appleby, R.B. Aquines Gutierrez, O. Archilli, F. Artamonov, A. Artuso, M. Aslanides, E. Auriemma, G. Baalouch, M. Bachmann, S. Back, J.J. Badalov, A. Baldini, W. Barlow, R.J. Barschel, C. Barsuk, S. Barter, W. Batozskaya, V. Battista, V. Bay, A. Beaucourt, L. Beddow, J. Bedeschi, F. Bediaga, I. Belogurov, S. Belous, K. Belyaev, I. Ben-Haim, E. Bencivenni, G. Benson, S. Benton, J. Berezhnoy, A. Bernet, R. Bettler, M.-O. van Beuzekom, M. Bien, A. Bifani, S. Bird, T. Bizzeti, A. Bjørnstad, P.M. Blake, T. Blanc, F. Blouw, J. Blusk, S. Bocci, V. Bondar, A. Bondar, N. Bonivento, W. Borghi, S. Borgia, A. Borsato, M. Bowcock, T.J.V. Bowen, E. Bozzi, C. Brambach, T. van den Brand, J. Bressieux, J. Brett, D. Britsch, M. Britton, T. Brodzicka, J. Brook, N.H. Brown, H. Bursche, A. Busetto, G. Buytaert, J. Cadeddu, S. Calabrese, R. Calvi, M. Calvo Gomez, M. Campana, P. Campora Perez, D. Carbone, A. Carboni, G. Cardinale, R. Cardini, A. Carson, L. Carvalho Akiba, K. Casse, G. Cassina, L. Castillo Garcia, L. Cattaneo, M. Cauet, Ch. Cenci, R. Charles, M. Charpentier, Ph. Chefdeville, M. Chen, S. Cheung, S.-F. Chiapolini, N. Chrzaszcz, M. Ciba, K. Cid Vidal, X. Ciezarek, G. Clarke, P.E.L. Clemencic, M. Cliff, H.V. Closier, J. Coco, V. Cogan, J. Cogneras, E. Collins, P. Comerma-Montells, A. Contu, A. Cook, A. Coombes, M. Coquereau, S. Corti, G. Corvo, M. Counts, I. Couturier, B. Cowan, G.A. Craik, D.C. Cruz Torres, M. Cunliffe, S. Currie, R. D’Ambrosio, C. Dalseno, J. David, P. David, P.N.Y. Davis, A. De Bruyn, K. De Capua, S. De Cian, M. De Miranda, J.M. De Paula, L. De Silva, W. De Simone, P. Decamp, D. Deckenhoff, M. Del Buono, L. Déléage, N. Derkach, D. Deschamps, O. Dettori, F. Rio de Janeiro Brazil Rio de Janeiro Brazil Center for High Energy Physics Tsinghua University Beijing China LAPP Université de Savoie CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy-Le-Vieux France Clermont Université Université Blaise Pascal CNRS/IN2P3 LPC Clermont-Ferrand France CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France LAL Université Paris-Sud CNRS/IN2P3 Orsay France LPNHE Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris Diderot CNRS/IN2P3 Paris France Fakultät Physik Technische Universität Dortmund Dortmund Germany Heidelberg Germany Physikalisches Institut Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany School of Physics University College Dublin Dublin Ireland Sezione INFN di Bari Bari Italy Sezione INFN di Bologna Bologna Italy Sezione INFN di Cagliari Cagliari Italy Sezione INFN di Ferrara Ferrara Italy Sezione INFN di Firenze Firenze Italy Laboratori Nazionali dell’INFN di Frascati Frascati Italy Sezione INFN di Genova Genoa Italy Sezione INFN di Milano Bicocca Milan Italy Sezione INFN di Milano Milan Italy Sezione INFN di Padova Padua Italy Sezione INFN di Pisa Pisa Italy Sezione INFN di Roma Tor Vergata Rome Italy Sezione INFN di Roma La Sapienza Rome Italy Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences Kraków Poland Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science AGH-University of Science and Technology Kraków Poland Warsaw Poland Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest-Magurele Romania Gatchina Russia Moscow Russia Moscow Russia Moscow Russia Novosibirsk Russia Novosibirsk State University Novosibirsk Russia Protvino Russia Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Universidad de Santiago de Compostela Santiago de Compostela Spain Geneva Switzerland Lausanne Switzerland Physik-Institut Universität Zürich Zurich Switzerland Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics Amsterdam Netherlands Nikhef National Institute for Su

A study of meson production at LHCb is performed on proton–proton collision data, corresponding to 3.0 of integrated luminosity collected at centre-of-mass energies = 7 and 8. The fraction of Υ mesons originating from χ decays is measured as a function of the transverse momentum in the rapidity range. The radiative transition of the meson to Υ is observed for the first time. The χ mass is determined to be (Formula presented.) where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. © 2014, CERN for the benefit of the LHCb collaboration.

关键词： Bosons

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Spectral Measurement of Electron Antineutrino Oscillation Amplitude and Frequency at Daya Bay

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Physical Review Letters 2014年第6期112卷 061801-061801页

作者： F. P. An A. B. Balantekin H. R. Band W. Beriguete M. Bishai S. Blyth R. L. Brown I. Butorov G. F. Cao J. Cao R. Carr Y. L. Chan J. F. Chang Y. Chang C. Chasman H. S. Chen H. Y. Chen S. J. Chen S. M. Chen X. C. Chen X. H. Chen Y. Chen Y. X. Chen Y. P. Cheng J. J. Cherwinka M. C. Chu J. P. Cummings J. de Arcos Z. Y. Deng Y. Y. Ding M. V. Diwan E. Draeger X. F. Du D. A. Dwyer W. R. Edwards S. R. Ely J. Y. Fu L. Q. Ge R. Gill M. Gonchar G. H. Gong H. Gong Y. A. Gornushkin W. Q. Gu M. Y. Guan X. H. Guo R. W. Hackenburg R. L. Hahn G. H. Han S. Hans M. He K. M. Heeger Y. K. Heng P. Hinrichs yk. Hor Y. B. Hsiung B. Z. Hu L. J. Hu L. M. Hu T. Hu W. Hu E. C. Huang H. X. Huang H. Z. Huang X. T. Huang P. Huber G. Hussain Z. Isvan D. E. Jaffe P. Jaffke S. Jetter X. L. Ji X. P. Ji H. J. Jiang J. B. Jiao R. A. Johnson L. Kang S. H. Kettell M. Kramer K. K. Kwan M. W. Kwok T. Kwok W. C. Lai W. H. Lai K. Lau L. Lebanowski J. Lee R. T. Lei R. Leitner A. Leung J. K. C. Leung C. A. Lewis D. J. Li F. Li G. S. Li Q. J. Li W. D. Li X. N. Li X. Q. Li Y. F. Li Z. B. Li H. Liang C. J. Lin G. L. Lin S. K. Lin Y. C. Lin J. J. Ling J. M. Link L. Littenberg B. R. Littlejohn D. W. Liu H. Liu J. C. Liu J. L. Liu S. S. Liu Y. B. Liu C. Lu H. Q. Lu K. B. Luk Q. M. Ma X. B. Ma X. Y. Ma Y. Q. Ma K. T. McDonald M. C. McFarlane R. D. McKeown Y. Meng I. Mitchell Y. Nakajima J. Napolitano D. Naumov E. Naumova I. Nemchenok H. Y. Ngai W. K. Ngai Z. Ning J. P. Ochoa-Ricoux A. Olshevski S. Patton V. Pec J. C. Peng L. E. Piilonen L. Pinsky C. S. J. Pun F. Z. Qi M. Qi X. Qian N. Raper B. Ren J. Ren R. Rosero B. Roskovec X. C. Ruan B. B. Shao H. Steiner G. X. Sun J. L. Sun Y. H. Tam H. K. Tanaka X. Tang H. Themann S. Trentalange O. Tsai K. V. Tsang R. H. M. Tsang C. E. Tull Y. C. Tung B. Viren V. Vorobel C. H. Wang L. S. Wang L. Y. Wang L. Z. Wang M. Wang N. Y. Wang R. G. Wang W. Wang W. W. Wang X. Wang Y. F. Wang Z. Wang Z. M. Wang D. M. Webber H. Wei Y. D. Wei L. J. Wen K. Whisnant C. G. White L. Whitehead T. Wise H. L. H. Wong S. C. F. Wong E. Worcester Q. Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York Department of Physics National Taiwan University Taipei Joint Institute for Nuclear Research Dubna Moscow Region California Institute of Technology Pasadena California Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong National United University Miao-Li Institute of Physics National Chiao-Tung University Hsinchu Nanjing University Nanjing Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua University Beijing Shenzhen Univeristy Shenzhen North China Electric Power University Beijing Siena College Loudonville New York Department of Physics Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago Illinois Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley California Department of Physics University of California Berkeley California Department of Physics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana Illinois Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai Beijing Normal University Beijing College of William and Mary Williamsburg Virginia Department of Physics Yale University New Haven Connecticut Center for Neutrino Physics Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia China Institute of Atomic Energy Beijing University of California Los Angeles California Shandong University Jinan School of Physics Nankai University Tianjin Department of Physics University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan Department of Physics The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Hong Kong Department of Physics University of Houston Houston Texas Charles University Faculty of Mathematics and Physics Prague University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Sun Yat-Sen (Zhongshan) University Guangzhou Joseph Henry Laboratories Princeton University Princeton New Jersey Department of Physics Applied Physics and Astronomy Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Troy New York Chin

A measurement of the energy dependence of antineutrino disappearance at the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment is reported. Electron antineutrinos (ν¯e) from six 2.9 GWth reactors were detected with six detectors deployed in two near (effective baselines 512 and 561 m) and one far (1579 m) underground experimental halls. Using 217 days of data, 41 589 (203 809 and 92 912) antineutrino candidates were detected in the far hall (near halls). An improved measurement of the oscillation amplitude sin22θ13=0.090−0.009+0.008 and the first direct measurement of the ν¯e mass-squared difference |Δmee2|=(2.59−0.20+0.19)×10−3 eV2 is obtained using the observed ν¯e rates and energy spectra in a three-neutrino framework. This value of |Δmee2| is consistent with |Δmμμ2| measured by muon neutrino disappearance, supporting the three-flavor oscillation model.

关键词： ELECTRONIC antineutrino ENERGY security LIQUID scintillators PHOTOELECTRONS NEUTRINO oscillation

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Study on thermal properties and crystallization behavior of electron beam irradiated ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA)/waste tyre dust (WTD) blends in the presence of polyethylene graft maleic anhydride (PEgMAH)

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2013年第1期1571卷 146-152页

作者： Syuhada Ramli C. T. Ratnam S. H. Ahmad Nurul Athirah School of Applied Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Radiation Processing Technology Division Malaysian Nuclear Agency (Nuclear Malaysia) Bangi 43000 Kajang Malaysia School of Materials and Mineral Resources USM Engineering Campus Malaysia

The aim of this article is to show the effects of the electron beam irradiation dose and presence of a compatibiliser on the thermal properties and crystallinity of EVA/WTD blends. The purpose of applying electron beam radiation with doses range 50 to 200 kGy and adding a compatibiliser was to enhance the compatibility of the studied blends and at the same time to investigate the possibility of using this technique in the process of recycling polymeric materials. As the compatibilisers, the polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PEgMAH) was utilized, they were added at the amounts of 1-5 phr respectively. The enhancement of thermal properties was accompanied by the following effects, discussed in this article: i) an irradiated EVA/WTD blend at 200kGy was found to improve the thermal properties of EVA, ii) the addition of PEgMAH in EVA/WTD blends and the subsequent irradiation allowed prevention of degradation mechanism. iii) the ΔHf and crystallinity percentage decrease at higher PEgMAH content.

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