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Average transverse momentum and energy density in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions

Physical Review Letters 1986年第26期57卷 3249-3249页

作者： T. H. Burnett S. Dake M. Fuki J. C. Gregory T. Hayashi R. Holynski J. Iwai W. V. Jones A. Jurak J. J. Lord O. Miyamura T. Ogata T. A. Parnell T. Saito S. Strausz T. Tabuki Y. Takahashi T. Tominaga B. Wilczynska R. J. Wilkes W. Wolter B. Wosiek Institute for Cosmic Ray Research University of Tokyo Tanashi Tokyo 188 Japan Department of Physics Kobe University Kobe 657 Japan Okayama University of Science Okayama 700 Japan Department of Applied Mathematics Osaka University Osaka 560 Japan Science and Engineering Research Laboratory Waseda University Tokyo 162 Japan Department of Physics and Astronomy Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 Space Science Laboratory Marshall Space Flight Center National Aeronautics and Space Administration Huntsville Alabama 35812 School of Science University of Alabama in Huntsville Huntsville Alabama 35899 Department of Physics University of Washington Seattle Washington 98105 and Institute for Nuclear Physics PL-30-055 Krakow Poland

Emulsion chambers were used to measure the transverse momenta of photons or π0 mesons produced in high-energy (≥1 TeV/amu) cosmic-ray nucleus-nucleus collisions. A group of events having large average transverse momenta have been found which apparently exceed the expected limiting values. Analysis of the events at early interaction times, of the order of 1 fm/c, indicates that the observed transverse momentum increases with both rapidity density and energy density.

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KINETIC-ANALYSIS OF nuclear AND COULOMB SCATTERING IN HIGH-TEMPERATURE TANDEM MIRROR PLASMAS

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nuclear FUSION 1984年第10期24卷 1335-1346页

作者： KANTROWITZ, FD CONN, RW Present address: Electron Dynamics Division Hughes Aircraft Company P.O. Box 2999 Torrance CA 90509 USA Fusion Engineering and Physics Program School of Engineering and Applied Science University of California Los Angeles California United States of America

A two-dimensional kinetic theory analysis is used to determine distribution functions in high-temperature mirror plasmas in which both Coulomb and nuclear elastic scattering are important. The discrete nature of nuclear scattering and the continuous nature of Coulomb scattering are incorporated. The distribution functions are used to obtain the energy deposition and energy and particle loss rates for fusion reaction products such as alpha particles and protons in the central-cell plasma of a tandem mirror. The confinement time for neutral-beam-injected ions in the plug of a tandem mirror or in a single-cell mirror is also determined. Large-angle scattering losses are found to depend more strongly on mirror ratio than losses due to small-angle scattering, although including the motion of background ions reduces the effects of nuclear scattering. For d-t reactor parameters, the effects of nuclear scattering are not significant. For d-d reactors, however, the confinement time for 700 keV plug neutral beams is found to decrease by 20%.

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ION TIME-OF-FLIGHT SPECTROSCOPY: KRYPTON CHARGE STATE SPECTRA AS A FUNCTION OF PHOTON EXCITATION ENERGY NEAR THE K EDGE.

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nuclear instruments and methods in physics research 1983年第1-3期208卷 815-818页

作者： Hastings, J.B. Kostroun, V.O. National Synchrotron Light Source Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York 11973 USA Nuclear Science and Engineering Program and School of Applied and Engineering Physics Cornell University Ithaca New York 14853 USA

In this experiment, the charge state distribution resulting from atomic rearrangement following the creation of the inner shell vacancies in krypton atoms has been recorded. Intense, highly collimated, monochromatic and tunable X-ray radiation available at the CHESS synchrotron radiation facility at Cornell was used to photionize krypton atoms in a gas jet target, and a time-of-flight spectrometer was used to record the ions in different charge states formed after photoionization. Charge state spectra were recorded below, at the 'peak' in the K edge and above the edge. Below the edge, charge states plus 4 to plus 7 were observed with appreciable intensity, while at, and above the edge, the charge states ranged from plus 4 to plus 10.

关键词： Spectroscopy

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BANQUET ADDRESS - TECHNOLOGY IS FUN, ITS THE OTHER THINGS

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1981年第3期93卷 57-59页

作者： FROSCH, RA President American Association of Engineering Societies Inc Dr. Robert A. Frosch born in New York City on 22 May 1928 attended Columbia University from which he received his B.A. degree in 1947 his M.A. degree in 1949 and his Ph.D. degree in 1952 all in the field of Theoretical Physics. While completing his studies for his doctorate he joined Columbia's Hudson Laboratories in 1951 and worked on naval research projects as a Research Scientist until 1958 when he became the Director Hudson Laboratories a post he held until 1963. From 1965 to 1966 he was Deputy Director Advanced Research Projects Agency (APRA) Department of Defense (DOD) having first joined ARPA in 1963 as the Director for Nuclear Test Detection the position he held until 1965. Since 1969 he also has served as the DOD member of the Committee for Policy Review National Council of Marine Resources and Engineering Development and in 1967 and 1970 as the Chairman of the U.S. Delegation to the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission meetings at UNESCO in Paris. In addition he was the Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research & Development from 1966 to 1973 Assistant Executive Director of the United Nations Environment Program with the rank of Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations from 1973 to 1975 and Assistant Director for Applied Oceanography at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution from 1975 until mid-1977. In June 1977 he became the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Agency (NASA) the position he held prior to joining the American Association of Engineering Societies (AAES) Incorporated. On 20 January 1981 he was elected to his present post as President AAES. Additionally he was the Sea Grant Lecturer for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1974 and currently is a National Lecturer for Sigma Xi. During his distinguished career Dr. Frosch has been the recipient of numerous awards among which are the Arthur S. Flemming Award in 1966 the Navy Distinguished Public Service Award in 1

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Abstracts

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Environmental Management 1977年第1期1卷 67-96页

作者： Frankenfeld, John W. Schulz, Wolfgang McMurty, George J. Petersen, Gary W. May, G. A. Hering, F. S. Schwartz, J. I. Heywood, J. B. Chigier, N. A. Grohse, E. W. Walker, J. D. Colwell, R. R. Petrakis, L. Pergament, H. S. Thorpe, R. D. Schoepf, Richard W. Krzyczkowski, Roman Henneman, Suzanne S. Hudson, Charles L. Putnam, Evelyn S. Thiesen, Donna J. Parks, G. A. McCarty, Perry L. Leckie, J. O. Schrumpf, Barry J. Simonson, G. H. Paine, D. P. Lawrence, R. D. Pyott, W. T. Leh, M. Elders, W. Combs, J. Caplen, T. Harrison, F. L. Wong, K. M. Heft., R. E. Charnell, Robert L. Lehmann, Edward J. Mallon, Lawrence G. Hatfield, Cecile Adams, Gerald H. Johanning, James Talvitie, Antti Noll, Kenneth E. Miller, Terry Smiarowski, Joseph F. Willis, Cleve E. Foster, John H. Schlesinger, Benjamin Daetz, Douglas Lear, Donald U. Smith, Mona F. Hundemann, Audrey S. Crockett, Pernell W. Werner, Kirk G. Carroll, Thomas E. Maase, David L. Genco, Joseph E. Ifeadi, Christopher N. Lowman, F. G. Christensen, S. W. Van Winkle, W. Mattice, J. S. Harrison, Elizabeth A. Barker, James C. Chesness, Jerry L. Smith, Ralph E. Shaheeen, Donald G. Raney, R. Keith Borton, T. Wezernak, C. T. Raney, R. K. Sherwani, Jabbor K. Moreau, David H. Eisenberg, Norman A. Lynch, Cornelius J. Breeding, Roger J. Johnson, J. D. Foster, K. E. Mouat, D. A. Clark, R. Hyden, John William Owen, Wilfred Bayfield, Neil G. Barrow, Graham C. Stolz, Stephanie B. Wienckowski, Louis A. Brown, Betram S. Keyfitz, Nathan Wilson, W. L. Newman, Peter W. G. Bammi, Deepak Bammi, Dalip Goddard, James E. Chisholm, Tony Walsh, Cliff Brennan, Geoffrey Thompson, K. S. Richardson, R. Jensen, Clayton E. Brown, Dail W. Mirabito, John A. Cowing, Thomas G. Binghamton, Suny Siehl, George H. Albrecht, O. W. Alexander, Ariel Barde, Jean -Philippe Darby, William P. McMichael, Francis Clay Dunlap, Robert W. Muckleston, Keith W. Frankenhoff, Charles A. Giulini, Lorenzo T. Wyatt, T. Black, Peter E. Keating, William Thomas Leonard, M. E. Fisher, E. L. Brunelle, M. F. Dickinson, J. E. Pethig, Rudiger Clapham Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Linden Government Research Lab Coast Guard Washington D.C. Department of Transportation Washington D.C. Office For Remote Sensing of Earth Resources. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Pennsylvania State University Washington D.C. Department of the Navy Washington D.C. Cambridge. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Massachusetts Inst. of Technology USA Huntsville. School of Graduate Studies and Research Alabama Univ. USA Dept. of Microbiology. Office of Naval Research Maryland Univ. Arlington Research and Development Co. Pittsburgh AeroChem Research Labs. Inc. Princeton Dept. of the Interior Office of Library Services. Bibliographic Series (Final) Washington D.C. Interplan Corp. Santa Barbara Urban Mass Transportation Adm. Washington D.C. Naval Underwater Systems Center Newport Calif. Mercury Project. National Science Found Stanford Univ Washington D.C. Div. of Advanced Environmental Research & Tech. USA Corvallis. NASA Earth Resources Survey Program Oregon State Univ. Washington D.C. Riverside. Inst. of Geophysics and Planetary Physics National Science Foundation California Univ. Washington D.C. Livermore Lawrence Livermore Lab. California Univ. USA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Labs. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Miami National Technical Information Service Springfield Miami Univ. Coral Gables School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Rockville National Academy of Sciences Office of Sea Grant Washington D. C. School of Law National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Sea Grant. Rockville Norman. Dept. of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science. Urban Mass Transportation Administration Oklahoma Univ. Washington D. C. Knoxville.Dept. of Civil Engineering. Federal Highway Administration Tennessee Univ. Washington D. C. Amherst.Water Resources Research Center. Office of Water Research and Technology Massachusetts Univ. Washington D. C. Calif. Dept. of Industria

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The T_> giant resonance of ¹⁸¹Ta

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nuclear physics, Section A 1976年第3期257卷 477-489页

作者： Suzuki, A. Shoda, K. Sugawara, M. Saito, T. Miyase, H. Oikawa, S. Uegaki, J. Thompson, M.N. Allen, K.J.F. Askin, H.J. Sung, B.N. Laboratory of Nuclear Science Faculty of Science Tohoku University Tomizawa Sendai Japan School of Physics University of Melbourne Parkville Vic. 3052 Australia Department of Applied Physics College of Engineering Seoul National University Seoul South Korea

The energy distributions and the cross sections of the (e, e'p) reaction on 181Ta have been measured. The derived (γ, p) cross section shows a strong resonance at around 21 MeV which is identified as the T > g... 详细信息

The energy distributions and the cross sections of the (e, e'p) reaction on ¹⁸¹Ta have been measured. The derived (γ, p) cross section shows a strong resonance at around 21 MeV which is identified as the T_> giant resonance. Two large proton groups were found in the proton spectra measured at E_e > 20.0 MeV. These proton groups and another small proton group are found to result from the resonance at around 21 MeV. The proton groups are well described by the calculation of the T_> giant resonance with the Nilsson model. © 1976.

关键词： nuclear reaction

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STUDIES OF A PLASMA PINCH SPACE ENGINE

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Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1960年第4期72卷 715-725页

作者： GRANET, IRVING GUMAN, WILLIAM MCILROY, WILLIAM Irving Granet received his B.M.E. from The Cooper Union his M.M.E. from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn has taken Pre-Doctoral Studies at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and is a graduate of the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology. He has worked in Republic's Plasma Propulsion Laboratory on nuclear propulsion systems space radiators thermodynamic power cycle considerations for generating electric power and system design and operation for space propulsion. He was formerly Director of Staff Engineering Nuclear Energy Department of Foster Wheeler Corporation where he directed engineering design and analysis for complete nuclear plants. Mr. Granet has taught thermodynamics and heat transfer at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and at present is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Engineering and Physics at Long Island University. He has published over 40 articles in the fields of thermodynamics applied mechanics heat transfer and nuclear energy. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers National Society of Professional Engineers Pi Tau Sigma and Sigma Xi. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Granet is listed in the 1960 edition of American Men of Science and is a reviewer for the American Chemical Society's technical publications. William J. Guman received degrees of B. Aero. E. M. Aero. E. from and has completed courses for Ph.D. Aero. E. at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Since coming to Republic in 1959 Mr. Guman has been conducting theoretical and experimental studies on non-steady interactions and flow processes in plasma engine configurations. Mr. Guman was Assistant Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute lecturing on fluid mechanics aerodynamics performance and stability and conducting laboratory courses in experimental fluid dynamics and wind tunnel research. He also investigated flow induction and was head of Rensselaer's supersonic wind tunnel laboratory. Mr. Guman performed a theoretical analysis in experimental aerodynamic

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Optimization considerations of electrical space engines

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Naval Engineers Journal 1962年第N 4期v 74卷 p749-756页

作者： Granet, I. Guman, W.J. Irving Granet received his B.M.E. from The Cooper Union: his M.M.E. from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn: has taken Pre-Doctoral Studies at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn: and is a graduate of the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology. He has worked in Republic's Plasma Propulsion Laboratory on nuclear propulsion systems space radiators thermodynamic power cycle considerations for generating electric power and system design and operation for space propulsion. He was formerly Director of Staff Engineering Nuclear Energy Department of Foster Wheeler Corporation where he directed engineering design and analysis for complete nuclear plants. Mr. Granet has taught thermodynamics and heat transfer at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and at present is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Engineering and Physics at Long Island University. He has published over 50 articles in the fields of thermodynamics applied mechanics heat transfer and nuclear energy. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers National Society of Professional Engineers Pi Tau Sigma and Sigma Xi. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Granet is listed in the 1960 edition of American Men of Science and is a reviewer for the American Chemical Society's technical publications. William J. Guman received degrees of B. Aero. E. M. Aero E. from and has completed courses for Ph.D. Aero. E. at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. He joined Republic's PlasmA Propulsion Laboratory in 1959 and there is conducting theoretical and experimental studies on non-steady wave interactions and flow processes in plasma engine configurations. Mr. Guman was Assistant Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute lecturing on fluid mechanics aerodynamics performance and stability and conducting laboratory courses in experimental fluid dynamics and wind tunnel research. He also investigated flow induction and was head of Rensselaer's supersonic wind tunnel laboratory. At the present he is also an Adjunct Assistan

Electrically powered pulsed plasma pinch engine was proposed earlier (see engineering Index 1961 p 1447 and 1448);present work considers pertinent overall system performance parameters, and describes experimental methods of obtaining direct measurements of thrust and propellant mass consumption unique to low thrust space propulsion device;knowledge of thrust, rate of propellant consumption and input power are necessary to complete optimization study in practice.

关键词： Rocket engines

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ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF PULSE HEIGHT DEFECT IN SILICON PARTICLE DETECTORS

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nuclear INSTRUMENTS & METHODS 1967年第2期55卷 238-+页

作者： KRULISCH, AH AXTMANN, RC Program on Nuclear Studies in Engineering School of Engineering and Applied Science Princeton University Princeton N.J. 08540 U.S.A.

The pulse height response of silicon surface barrier detectors was measured for median light and heavy fission fragments at average energies from 7 to 102 MeV. The fragment energies were determined by a time-of-flight technique. Comparison of the detectors' response to fission fragments with that to alpha particles yielded Δ, the pulse height defect. The results indicate that an appreciable fraction of Δ is due to recombination losses within the ionization column produced by the fragment. The contribution to Δ from this cause decreases approximately linearly with fragment energy. In the energy realm where nonionizing nuclear collisions occur, Δ decreases sharply at initial energies below 25 MeV. An empirical energy calibration method proposed by Schmitt et al. for fission fragments with undergraded energies gave good agreement with the time-of-flight data in the energy range 25–100 MeV. A further empirical procedure is proposed for energies below 25 MeV.

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EXPERIMENTAL program FOR A PLASMA PINCH SPACE ENGINE

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Journal of the American Society for Naval Engineers 1961年第4期73卷 745-761页

作者： GRANET, IRVING GUMAN, WILLIAM J. THE AUTHORS:Irving Granet received his B.M.E. from The Cooper Union his M.M.E. from Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn has taken Pre-Doctoral Studies at Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and is a graduate of the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology. He has worked in Republic's Plasma Propulsion Laboratory on nuclear propulsion systems space radiators thermodynamic power cycle considerations for generating electric power and system design and operation for space propulsion. He was formerly Director of Staff Engineering Nuclear Energy Department of Foster Wheeler Corporation where he directed engineering design and analysis for complete nuclear plants. Mr. Granet has taught thermodynamics and heat transfer at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and at present is Adjunct Assistant Professor of Engineering and Physics at Long Island University. He has published over 40 articles in the fields of thermodynamics applied mechanics heat transfer and nuclear energy. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers National Society of Professional Engineers Pi Tan Sigma and Sigma Xi. He is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of New York. Mr. Granet is listed in the 1960 edition of American Men of Science and is a reviewer for the American Chemical Society's technical publications. William J. Guman received degrees of B. Aero. E. M. Aero E. from and has completed courses for PhD. Aero. E. at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Since coming to Republic in 1959 Mr. Guman has been conducting theoretical and experimental studies on non-steady interactions and flow processes in plasma engine configurations. Mr. Guman was Assistant Professor at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute lecturing on fluid mechanics aerodynamics performance and stability and conducting laboratory courses in experimental fluid dynamics and wind tunnel research. He also investigated flow induction and -was head of Rensselaer's supersonic wind tunnel laboratory. Mr. Guman performed a theoretical analysis in experimental

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