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CLEO: QELS_Fundamental science, QELS 2022

作者： Zhirihin, D. Bobylev, D. Tihonenko, D. Vakulenko, A. Smirnova, D. Khanikaev, A. Gorlach, M. School of Physics and Engineering ITMO University 49 Kronverksky ave. Saint Petersburg197101 Russia Grove School of Engineering City College of the City University of New York New YorkNY United States Physics Program Graduate Center of the City University of New York New YorkNY United States Nonlinear Physics Centre Australian National University CanberraACT Australia Institute of Applied Physics Russian Academy of Science Nizhny Novgorod Russia

We demonstrate experimentally the emergence of higher-order topological states induced by bianisotropy in a photonic metasurface formed by split-ring resonators (SRR) arranged into a kagome lattice. © Optica Publ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9781557528209

关键词： Topology

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Investigation on current loss of high-power vacuum transmission lines with coaxial-disk transitions by particle-in-cell simulations

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Plasma science and Technology 2021年第11期23卷 177-184页

作者： Wei LUO Jianwei ZHANG Yongdong LI Hongguang WANG Chunliang LIU Pengfei ZHANG Fan GUO Department of Applied Physics Xi’an University of TechnologyXi’an 710048People's Republic of China Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education School of Electronic Science and EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049People's Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect Northwest Institute of Nuclear TechnologyXi'an 710024People's Republic of China Institute of Fluid Physics China Academy of Engineering PhysicsMianyang 621900People's Republic of China

Coaxial-disk transitions can generate non-uniform magnetic fields and abrupt impedance variations in magnetically insulated transmission lines(MITLs),resulting in disturbed electron flow and non-negligible current *** this paper,3 D particle-in-cell simulations are conducted with UNPIC-3 d to investigate the current loss mechanism and the influence of the input parameters of the coaxial-disk transition on current loss in an MITL *** results reveal that the magnetic field non-uniformity causes major current loss in the MITL after the coaxialdisk transition,and the non-uniformity decreases with the distance away from the *** uniformity of the magnetic field is improved when increasing the number of feed lines of a linear transformer driver-based accelerator with coaxial-disk *** number of input feed lines should be no less than four in the azimuthal distribution to obtain acceptable uniformity of the magnetic *** make the ratio of the current loss to the total current of the accelerator less than 2%at peak anode current,the ratio of the current in each feed line to the total current should be no less than 8%.

关键词： magnetically insulated transmission line coaxial-disk transition current loss

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Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon Coupling in Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites 16

Nanoslot-Induced Ultrastrong Phonon-Photon and Phonon-Phonon...

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16th Pacific Rim Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, CLEO-PR 2024

作者： Kim, Dasom Hou, Jin Lee, Geon Agrawal, Ayush Kim, Sunghwan Zhang, Hao Bao, Di Baydin, Andrey Wu, Wenjing Tay, Fuyang Huang, Shengxi Hagenmüller, Daivd Chia, Elbert E. M. Kim, Dai-Sik Seo, Minah Mohite, Aditya D. Kono, Junichiro Applied Physics Graduate Program Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Sensor System Research Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul02792 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Seoul National University Seoul08826 Korea Republic of Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Ulsan44919 Korea Republic of Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Smalley-Curl Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States Université de Strasbourg Cnrs Strasbourg67000 France KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology Korea University Seoul02841 Korea Republic of Department of Physics and Astronomy Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Methods for harnessing vibrational states are desired for phonon-based technologies. We realized ultrastrong coupling of two phonon modes in perovskite materials induced by ultrastrong coupling with a common photonic ... 详细信息

ISBN: (纸本)9798350372076

关键词： Organic-inorganic materials

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Challenges and Opportunities of Machine Learning on Neutron and X-ray Scattering

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Synchrotron Radiation News 2022年第4期35卷 16-20页

作者： Drucker, Nathan C. Liu, Tongtong Chen, Zhantao Okabe, Ryotaro Chotrattanapituk, Abhijatmedhi Nguyen, Thanh Wang, Yao Li, Mingda Quantum Measurement Group MIT Cambridge MA United States School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA United States Department of Physics MIT Cambridge MA United States Department of Mechanical Engineering MIT Cambridge MA United States Department of Chemistry MIT Cambridge MA United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science MIT Cambridge MA United States Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering MIT Cambridge MA United States Department of Physics and Astronomy Clemson University Clemson SC United States

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Modeling Atomistically Assembled Diffractive Optics in Solids

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Kling, Trevor Na, Dong-Yeop Hosseini, Mahdi Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Applied Physics Program Northwestern University EvanstonIL60208 United States Department of Electrical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang37673 Korea Republic of Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West LafayetteIN47907 United States

We develop a model describing long-range atom-atom interactions in a two-dimensional periodic or a-periodic lattice of optical centers inside a solid-state host material. We consider realistic environmental and technical conditions such as frequency and position broadening. Even when considering a significant frequency broadening in the ensemble (∼300 GHz), we observe up to a three-fold increase in directional scattering from the resonant lattice in a system. The model can be used to scalably design quantum optical elements, e.g. a quantum lens, harnessing atomistic engineering (e.g. via ion implantation) of collective interactions in materials to enhance quantum properties. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Nanocrystals

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A Compact X-Ray Laser with Ion Source and Crystal Cavity

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Li, Shuang School of Electrical and Optoelectronic Engineering West Anhui University Luan237012 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100088 China Shanghai EBIT Lab Institute of Modern Physics Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Fudan University Shanghai200433 China

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are renowned for their high brightness, significantly impacting biology, chemistry, and nonlinear X-ray optics. However, current XFELs are large, expensive, and exhibit significant shot-to-shot instability. Here, we propose a novel compact apparatus for generating X-ray lasers. The setup integrates an ion source to produce highly charged ions as the gain medium. The X-ray optical cavity employs crystal Bragg diffraction for high reflectivity at large angles, and two parabolic compound refractive lenses (CRLs) focus the X-rays. Pumping is achieved through electron collision excitations. This X-ray laser offers compact dimensions, reduced costs, and enhanced coherence, positioning it as a promising seed for XFELs. With further optimization, this device has the potential to rival XFELs and revolutionize both scientific research and industrial applications. © 2024, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： X ray lasers

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Partial observation can induce mechanistic mismatches in data-constrained models of neural dynamics 24

Partial observation can induce mechanistic mismatches in dat...

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Proceedings of the 38th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： William Qian Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth Benjamin S. Ruben Cengiz Pehlevan Biophysics Graduate Program and Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence Harvard University Cambridge MA John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Center for Brain Science Harvard University and Department of Physics Harvard University Cambridge MA Biophysics Graduate Program Harvard University Cambridge MA Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence and John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Center for Brain Science Harvard University Cambridge MA

ISBN: (纸本)9798331314385

One of the central goals of neuroscience is to gain a mechanistic understanding of how the dynamics of neural circuits give rise to their observed function. A popular approach towards this end is to train recurrent neural networks (RNNs) to reproduce experimental recordings of neural activity. These trained RNNs are then treated as surrogate models of biological neural circuits, whose properties can be dissected via dynamical systems analysis. How reliable are the mechanistic insights derived from this procedure? While recent advances in population-level recording technologies have allowed simultaneous recording of up to tens of thousands of neurons, this represents only a tiny fraction of most cortical circuits. Here we show that observing only a subset of neurons in a circuit can create mechanistic mismatches between a simulated teacher network and a data-constrained student, even when the two networks have matching single-unit dynamics. In particular, partial observation of models of low-dimensional cortical dynamics based on functionally feedforward or low-rank connectivity can lead to surrogate models with spurious attractor structure. Our results illustrate the challenges inherent in accurately uncovering neural mechanisms from single-trial data, and suggest the need for new methods of validating data-constrained models for neural dynamics.

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Probing the High-Entropy Concept Through the Irradiation Response of Near-Equimolar (CrNbTaTiW)C Ceramic Coatings

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High Entropy Alloys & Materials 2024年 1-10页

作者： Osinger, Barbara Tunes, Matheus A. Willenshofer, Patrick Greaves, Graeme Ström, Petter Malinovskis, Paulius Vishnyakov, Vladimir M. Lewin, Erik Fritze, Stefan Department of Chemistry – Ångström Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden Materials Science and Technology Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos USA Chair of Nonferrous Metallurgy Montanuniversität Leoben Austria School of Computing and Engineering University of Huddersfield Huddersfield UK Department of Physics and Astronomy Applied Nuclear Physics Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden

High-entropy ceramics have been studied as potential candidates for applications in extreme environments, such as nuclear fusion reactors. Their beneficial properties and increased radiation tolerance are often attributed to their compositional complexity achieved through equimolarity. A near-equimolar (CrNbTaTiW)C carbide, obtained by magnetron sputtering, was investigated using in situ TEM whilst being exposed to 300-keV Xe heavy ion irradiation at 573 K. The material did not show structural changes or amorphisation after irradiation to 8.5 dpa. The pristine material showed partial elemental segregation of Cr and Ti and after irradiation redistribution and homogenisation of the solid solution was observed. Furthermore, the coating showed signs of erosion damage near the surface and along some of the grain boundaries, likely due to sputtering during the energetic particle bombardment. This work suggests the response to irradiation in these novel multicomponent ceramics to be multifaceted—determined by an interplay of composition, microstructure, and constituent elements’ chemistry—going beyond simply equimolarity.

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Doublet 1/2+ resonances of B9 in the complex scaling method

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Physical Review C 2023年第4期107卷 044003-044003页

作者： Myagmarjav Odsuren Takayuki Myo Kiyoshi Katō School of Engineering and Applied Sciences and Nuclear Research Center National University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar 210646 Mongolia General Education Faculty of Engineering Osaka Institute of Technology Osaka 535-8585 Japan Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP) Osaka University Ibaraki 567-0047 Japan Nuclear Reaction Data Centre Faculty of Science Hokkaido University Sapporo 060-0810 Japan

We try to resolve the longstanding controversy over the low-lying 1/2+ state in B9. Experimentally, the energies for this state show a gap between various measurements done by different groups and some of them reported that the existence of the state is unclear. The situation is similar in the theoretical calculations. We study the existence and structure of the B9(1/2+) state based on our previous method for the α+α+N cluster model with the complex scaling method that well explains the measured photodisintegration cross section for the Be9(1/2+). We find two resonances at the energies of E1res=1.81 MeV with a decay width Γ=1.98 MeV and E2res=2.38 MeV, Γ=1.81 MeV in B9. The charge radii and the three-body channel configurations are calculated to see the properties of two resonances. We also calculate the level density of two resonances, which indicates the difficulty to distinguish them in the energy distribution.

关键词： Energy levels & level densities Few-body systems nuclear structure & decays 6 ≤ A ≤ 19

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Indirect influence in social networks as an induced percolation phenomenon (vol 119, e2100151119, 2022)

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF scienceS OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 2022年第24期119卷 e2100151119-e2100151119页

作者： Xie, Jiarong Wang, Xiangrong Feng, Ling Zhao, Jin-Hua Liu, Wenyuan Moreno, Yamir Hu, Yanqing School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University 510006 Guangzhou China Institute of Future Networks Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen China Peng Cheng Laboratory 518066 Shenzhen China Institute of High Performance Computing A*STAR 138632 Singapore Department of Physics National University of Singapore 117551 Singapore Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Science Institute of Quantum Matter South China Normal University 510006 Guangzhou China Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Quantum Matter Southern Nuclear Science Computing Center South China Normal University 510006 Guangzhou China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University 637371 Singapore Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems University of Zaragoza 50018 Zaragoza Spain Department of Theoretical Physics University of Zaragoza 50018 Zaragoza Spain ISI Foundation 10126 Torino Italy Department of Statistics and Data Science College of Science Southern University of Science and Technology 518055 Shenzhen China

Percolation theory has been widely used to study phase transitions in network systems. It has also successfully explained various macroscopic spreading phenomena across different fields. Yet, the theoretical frameworks have been focusing on direct interactions among nodes, while recent empirical observations have shown that indirect interactions are common in many network systems like social and ecological networks, among others. By investigating the detailed mechanism of both direct and indirect influence on scientific collaboration networks, here we show that indirect influence can play the dominant role in behavioral influence. To address the lack of theoretical understanding of such indirect influence on the macroscopic behavior of the system, we propose a percolation mechanism of indirect interactions called induced percolation. Surprisingly, our model exhibits a unique anisotropy property. Specifically, directed networks show first-order abrupt transitions as opposed to the second-order continuous transition in the same network structure but with undirected links. A mix of directed and undirected links leads to rich hybrid phase transitions. Furthermore, a unique feature of the nonmonotonic pattern is observed in network connectivities near the critical point. We also present an analytical framework to characterize the proposed induced percolation, paving the way to further understanding network dynamics with indirect interactions.

关键词： percolation indirect interactions social network phase transition behavioral contagion

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