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Real-parameter crossover operators with multiple descendents: An experimental study

Real-parameter crossover operators with multiple descendents...

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作者： Sánchez, A.M. Lozano, M. García-Martínez, C. Molina, D. Herrera, F. Department of Software Engineering University of Granada 18071 Granada Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Granada 18071 Granada Spain Department of Computing and Numerical Analysis University of Córdoba 14071 Córdoba Spain Department of Software Engineering University of Cádiz 11002 Cádiz Spain

Crossover operators with multiple descendents produce more than two offspring for each pair of parents. They were suggested as an alternative method to the common practice of generating only two offspring per couple. An offspring selection mechanism is responsible for choosing the two offspring that become the children contributed by the mating. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in incorporating this crossover scheme into real-coded genetic algorithm models because its operation was particularly suitable to attain reliable and accurate solutions for many continuous optimization problems. In this paper, we undertake an extensive empirical study of the main factors that affect the performance of real-parameter crossover operator with multiple descendents. To do this, we focus our attention on three well-known neighborhood-based real-parameter crossover operators, BLX-α, fuzzy recombination, and PNX. The experimental results obtained confirm that the generation of multiple descendents along with the offspring selection mechanism that chooses the two best offspring may enhance the operation of these three crossover operators. Another important finding from our experiments is that real-coded genetic algorithms with crossover operators with multiple descendents are more efficient than standard real-coded genetic algorithms, that is, they offer solutions with higher quality, requiring fewer fitness function evaluations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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Continuous stereo gesture recognition with multi-layered silhouette templates and support vector machines

Continuous stereo gesture recognition with multi-layered sil...

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6th Mexican International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, MICAI 2007

作者： Muñoz-Salinas, Rafael Aguirre, Eugenio Garciáa-Silvente, Miguel Goámez, Moises Department of Computing and Numerical Analysis Escuela Politeáctnica Superior University of Coárdoba 14071 Coárdoba Spain Department. de Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence E.T.S. Ingenieria Informatica University of Granada 18071 Granada Spain

ISBN: (纸本)9783540766308

This paper presents a novel approach for continuous gesture recognition using depth range sensors. Our approach can be seen as an extension of Motion Templates [1] using multiple layers that register the three-dimensional nature of the human gestures. Our Multi-Layered templates are created using depth silhouettes, the extension of binary silhouettes when depth information is available. Both the original Motion Templates and our extension have been tested using several classification approaches in order to determine the best one. These approaches include the use of Hu-moments (originally employed in [1]), PCA and Support Vector Machines. Finally, we propose a methodology for creating a continuous gesture recogniser using motion templates. The methodology is applied both to our representation approach and to the original proposal. In order to validate our proposal, several stereo-video sequences have been recorded showing eight people performing a total of ten different gestures that are prone to be confused when monocular vision is used. The conducted experiments show that our proposal performs a 20% better than the original method. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2007.

关键词： Gesture recognition

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Fuzzy Linguistic Query-based User Profile Learning by Multiobjective Genetic Algorithms

Fuzzy Linguistic Query-based User Profile Learning by Multio...

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International Workshop on Genetic and Evolving Systems, GEFS

作者： Oscar Cordon Enrique Herrera-Viedma Maria Luque European Centre for Soft Computing Micros Mieres Spain Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence University of Granada Granada Spain Department of Computing and Numerical Analysis University of Cordoba Cordoba Spain

In this paper, a multiobjective genetic algorithm is proposed to automatically learn persistent fuzzy linguistic queries for text retrieval applications. These queries are able to represent user's long-term standing information needs in a more interpretable way than the classical "bag of words" user profile structure. Thanks to its multiobjective nature, the introduced genetic fuzzy system is able to build different queries for the same information need in a single run, with a different trade-off between precision and recall. The experiments performed on the classical CACM collection show that although the different queries obtained from our genetic fuzzy system are less accurate in the retrieval task than those derived by one state-of-the-art bag of words method, they compose more flexible, comprehensible and expressive user profiles

关键词： Genetic algorithms Fuzzy systems Fuzzy neural networks Database languages Proposals Information retrieval IP networks Fuzzy sets Routing Data mining

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Object and pose recognition using contour and shape information

Object and pose recognition using contour and shape informat...

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12th International Conference on Advanced Robotics, 2005. ICAR '05

作者： Cornelius, Hugo Kragic, Danica Eklundh, Jan-Olof Computational Vision and Active Perception Laboratory Centre for Autonomous Systems Stockholm Sweden Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)0780391772

Object recognition and pose estimation are of significant importance for robotic visual servoing, manipulation and grasping tasks. Traditionally, contour and shape based methods have been considered as most adequate for estimating stable and feasible grasps, [1]. More recently, a new research direction has been advocated in visual servoing where image moments are used to define a suitable error function to be minimized. Compared to appearance based methods, contour and shape based approaches are also suitable for use with range sensors such as, for example, lasers. In this paper, we evaluate a contour based object recognition system building on the method in [2], suitable for objects of uniform color properties such as cups, cutlery, fruits etc. This system is one of the building blocks of a more complex object recognition system based both on stereo and appearance cues, [3]. The system has a significant potential both in terms of service robot and programming by demonstration tasks. Experimental evaluation shows promising results in terms of robustness to occlusion and noise. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Industrial robots

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Element-splitting for simulation of fracture in 3D solid continua

Element-splitting for simulation of fracture in 3D solid con...

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8th International Conference on Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications, COMPLAS VIII

作者： Johnson, Peter R. Petrinic, Nikica Suli, Endre Numerical Analysis Group Oxford University Computing Labaratory University of Oxford United Kingdom Solid Mechanics and Materials Engineering Group Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)8495999781

Algorithms for simulation of strain localisation and fracture in 3D solid continua subjected to impact loading are presented. The methodology relies upon the classical continuous Galerkin Finite Element Method for spatial semi-discretisation and the leap-frog central difference scheme for temporal discretisation of the governing partial differential equations. The material behaviour is represented using a rate and temperature dependent hypoelastic-viscoplastic constitutive model with coupled damage and regularised softening. The results presented in this paper are obtained using the constant strain tetrahedral elements. The crack initiation and propagation are modelled using an element splitting method which relies upon quasi-non-local criteria assessed at nodal positions thus allowing for mesh-independent solutions to be achieved. The proposed method uses an efficient local adaptive re-meshing technique in which the elements are divided along the emerging discontinuity using piece-wise planar segments.

关键词： Fracture

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Object and pose recognition using contour and shape information

Object and pose recognition using contour and shape informat...

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International Conference on Advanced Robotics (ICAR)

作者： H. Cornelius D. Kragic J.-O. Eklundh Computational Vision and Active Perception Laboratory Centre for Autonomous Systems Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Object recognition and pose estimation are of significant importance for robotic visual servoing, manipulation and grasping tasks. Traditionally, contour and shape based methods have been considered as most adequate for estimating stable and feasible grasps (Bicchi and Kumar, 2000). A new research direction has been advocated in visual servoing where image moments are used to define a suitable error function to be minimized. Compared to appearance based methods, contour and shape based approaches are also suitable for use with range sensors such as, for example, lasers. In this paper, we evaluate a contour based object recognition system building on the method in Nelson and Selinger (1998), suitable for objects of uniform color properties such as cups, cutlery, fruits etc. This system is one of the building blocks of a more complex object recognition system based both on stereo and appearance cues, (Bjorkman and Kragic, 2004). The system has a significant potential both in terms of service robot and programming by demonstration tasks. Experimental evaluation shows promising results in terms of robustness to occlusion and noise

关键词： Shape Object recognition Service robots Robot programming Visual servoing Robotics and automation Computer vision Noise robustness Manufacturing industries Automatic programming

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Discontinuous element approximation for dynamic fracture

Discontinuous element approximation for dynamic fracture

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8th International Conference on Computational Plasticity: Fundamentals and Applications, COMPLAS VIII

作者： Arranz, A. Petrinic, N. Suli, E. Oxford University Computing Laboratory Numerical Analysis Group Oxford University Parks Road Oxford OX1 3QD United Kingdom Department of Engineering Science Solid Mechanics Group Oxford University Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PJ United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)8495999781

A new set of numerical methods for predictive modeling of crack propagation on aircraft structures based on discontinuous interpolation is introduced. These methods solve many shortcomings and limitations of classical FEMs, in particular in terms of accuracy and stability of the numerical approximation. The combination of these methods with appropriate adaptive local re-meshing can circumvent the unreliability and high mesh-dependency of classical approaches, and can effectively model fracture onset and propagation. Some results are presented on the simulation of fracture of ductile and brittle materials.

关键词： Airframes

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Towards complete free-form reconstruction of complex 3D scenes from an unordered set of uncalibrated images

Towards complete free-form reconstruction of complex 3D scen...

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2nd International Workshop on Statistical Methods in Video Processing, SMVP 2004 held in conjuction with 8th European Conference on Computer Vision, ECCV 2004

作者： Cornelius, H. Šára, R. Martinec, D. Pajdla, T. Chum, O. Matas, J. Department of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Stockholm100 44 Sweden Center for Machine Perception Czech Technical University Prague166 27 Czech Republic

ISBN: (纸本)9783540302124

This paper describes a method for accurate dense reconstruction of a complex scene from a small set of high-resolution unorganized still images taken by a hand-held digital camera. A fully automatic data processing pipeline is proposed. Highly discriminative features are first detected in all images. Correspondences are then found in all image pairs by wide-baseline stereo matching and used in a scene structure and camera reconstruction step that can cope with occlusion and outliers. Image pairs suitable for dense matching are automatically selected, rectified and used in dense binocular matching. The dense point cloud obtained as the union of all pairwise reconstructions is fused by local approximation using oriented geometric primitives. For texturing, every primitive is mapped on the image with the best resolution. The global structure reconstruction in the first step allows us to work with an unorganized set of images and to avoid error accumulation. By using object-centered geometric primitives we are able to preserve the flexibility of the method to describe complex free-form structures, preserve the possibility to build the dense model in an incremental way, and to retain the possibility to refine the cameras and the dense model by bundle adjustment. Results are demonstrated on partial models of a circular church and a Henri de Miller’s sculpture. We observed spatial resolution in the range of centimeters on objects of about 20 m in size. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Data handling

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Local straightness: a contrast independent statistical edge measure for color and gray level images

Local straightness: a contrast independent statistical edge ...

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： J. Eden H.I. Christensen Computational Vision and Active Perception Laboratory Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Royal Institute of Technology Sweden

Most existing methods for edge detection rely on contrast dependent thresholds. We show that a local measurement defined by the ratio of the smallest to the largest eigenvalue of the second moment matrix of filter kernels, can be used to separate smooth, low curvature curves and straight lines from noise, independent of contrast, in both color and gray level images. This is done without applying a threshold to the gradient magnitude. The edge images are defined as zero crossings in the gradient direction. The covariance matrix can easily be computed for both gray level images and color images. Further we show the potentiality of such a measure by integrating it with the Hough transform to extract long straight lines in noisy color images. The method is shown to successfully extract consistent line features from color images of a scene, captured under drastically different lightening conditions.

关键词： Colored noise Color Image edge detection Noise measurement Eigenvalues and eigenfunctions Filters Kernel Noise level Signal to noise ratio Covariance matrix

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An OGSA-based accounting system for allocation enforcement across HPC centers 04

An OGSA-based accounting system for allocation enforcement a...

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ICSOC '04: Proceedings of the Second International Conference on Service Oriented computing

作者： Sandholm, Thomas Gardfjäll, Peter Elmroth, Erik Johnsson, Lennart Mulmo, Olle Dept. of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science PDC Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden Dept. of Computing Science and HPC2N Umeå University SE-901 87 Umeå Sweden Dept. of Computer Science Texas Learning and Computation Center University of Houston Houston TX 77204 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1581138717

In this paper, we present an Open Grid Services Architecture (OGSA)-based decentralized allocation enforcement system, developed with an emphasis on a consistent data model and easy integration into existing scheduling, and workload management software at six independent high-performance computing centers forming a Grid known as SweGrid. The Swedish National Allocations Committee (SNAC) allocates resource quotas at these centers to research projects requiring substantial computer time. Our system, the SweGrid Accounting System (SGAS), addresses the need for soft real-time allocation enforcement on SweGrid for cross-domain job submission. The SGAS framework is based on state-of-the-art Web and Grid services technologies. The openness and ubiquity of Web services combined with the fine-grained resource control and cross-organizational security models of Grid services proved to be a perfect match for the SweGrid needs. Extensibility and customizability of policy implementations for the three different parties the system serves (the user, the resource manager, and the allocation authority) are key design goals. Another goal is end-to-end security and single sign-on, to allow resources - selected based on client policies - to act on behalf of the user when negotiating contracts with the bank in an environment where the six centers would continue to use their existing accounting policies and tools. We conclude this paper by showing the feasibility of SGAS, which is currently being deployed at the production sites, using simulations of reservation streams. The reservation streams are shaped using soft computing and policy-based algorithms. Copyright 2004 ACM.

关键词： Computer science

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