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35th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences, HICSS 2002

作者： Kim, Hee-Cheol Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology StockholmS-100 44 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)0769514359

When working together on a common document, collaborators frequently share and discuss their ideas about further revisions. Collaborative writing might, therefore, be thought of as a process of negotiating what changes to make among co-authors. The World-Wide Web is an easily accessible infrastructure to facilitate such a communication process over documents. This paper explores the dialogues formed by comments exchanged among co-authors in a Web-based collaboration tool, Col·laboració. A case study was performed where a small group of writers discussed and revised a common document, using this system. The author demonstrates how these dialogues are structured and what properties they have in relation to the context of collaborative reviewing processes. The analysis of dialogues is also used to reflect on design issues with regard to dialogue support and comment categorization. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Websites

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Improved inapproximability results for Vertex Cover on κ-uniform hypergraphs

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29th International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming, ICALP 2002

作者： Holmerin, Jonas Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology SE-100 44 Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)3540438645

We prove that Minimum Vertex Cover on κ-uniform hypergraphs is NP-hard to approximate within Ω(κ1-Ε). The result follows by a new reduction and a PCP characterization of NP by Håstad and Khot [11]. We also give an alternate construction of a PCP with the required properties. We also show that Minimum Vertex Cover on 3-uniform hypergraphs is NP-hard to approximate within 3/2 - Ε. Of independent interest may be a 3 query PCP for NP with perfect completeness where answers are from a domain of size d and where the soundness is 2/d. © 2002 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

关键词： Graph theory

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Visual attention using game theory 2

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2nd International Workshop on Biologically Motivated Computer Vision, BMCV 2002

作者： Ramström, Ola Christensen, Henrik I. Computational Vision and Active Perception Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9783540001744

A system using visual information to interact with its environment, e.g. a robot, needs to process an enormous amount of data. To ensure that the visual process has tractable complexity visual attention plays an important role. A visual process will always have a number of implicit and explicit tasks that defines its purpose. The present document discusses attention mechanisms for selection of visual input to respond to the current set of tasks. To provide a truly distributed approach to attention it is suggested to model the control using game theory, in particular coalition games. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2002.

关键词： Game theory

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Procurer usability requirements: Negotiations in contract development 02

Procurer usability requirements: Negotiations in contract de...

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2nd Nordic Conference on Human-Computer Interaction, NordiCHI '02

作者： Artman, Henrik Interaction and Presentation Lab. Centre for User-Oriented Design Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology 100 44 Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)1581136161

This article describes a case study that examined one procurer's reasoning about and work with usability-related issues as well as the contractor's response to those requirements. The aim of this study was to examine the procurer's power to direct the system development process according to user-centred principles and indeed to point out its responsibility to use that power. The study elucidated the procurer's and the contractor's differing views of usability. The results suggest that the project leaders from the two organisations examined in this study had differing views of usability and that both approached usability more from a business perspective than from a user perspective. Furthermore, we found that the procurer valued user-centred activities less for their results than for the opportunity they gave to come in contact with the user's point of view and then to visualize the requirements concretely. We conclude this article with an analysis of some contradictions within and between the two organisations from a socio-cultural point of view. We suggest some mundane but nevertheless important requirements that procurers should think of when contracting consultants. © 2002 ACM.

关键词： Contractors

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Why neuronal dynamics should control synaptic learning rules

Why neuronal dynamics should control synaptic learning rules

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15th Annual Neural Information Processing Systems Conference, NIPS 2001

作者： Tegnér, Jesper Kepecs, Ádam Dept.. of Numerical Analysis and Computing Science Stockholm Bioinformatics Center Royal Institute for Technology S-10044 Stockholm Sweden Volen Center for Complex Systems Brandeis University WalthamMA 02454 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0262042088

Hebbian learning rules are generally formulated as static rules. Under changing condition (e.g. neuromodulation, input statistics) most rules are sensitive to parameters. In particular, recent work lias focused 011 two different, formulations of spike-t iming-dependent plasticity rules. Additive STT)P [1] is remarkably versatile but also very fragile, whereas multiplicative ST'DP [2. 3] is more robust but lacks attractive features such as synaptic compet it ion and rate stabilization. Here we address the problem of robustness in the additive STDP rule. We derive an adaptive control scheme, where the learning function is under fast dynamic control by postsynaptic activity t o stabilize learning under a variety of conditions. Such a control scheme can be implemented using known biophysical mechanisms of synapses. We show that this adaptive rule makes the additive STDP more robust. Finally, we give an example how meta plasticity of the adaptive rule can be used to guide STDP into different, type of learning regimes.

关键词： Neural networks

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Anomalous slowing down in the metastable liquid of hard spheres

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Physical Review E 2002年第3期65卷 032501-032501页

作者： M. Dzugutov Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology SE–100 44 Stockholm Sweden

It is demonstrated that a straightforward extension of the Arrhenius law accurately describes diffusion in the thermodynamically stable liquid of hard spheres. A sharp negative deviation from this behavior is observed as the liquid is compressed beyond its stability limit. This dynamical anomaly can be compared with the nonlinear slowing down characteristic of the supercooled dynamics regime in liquids with continuous interaction. It is suggested that the observed dynamical transition is caused by long-time decomposition of the configuration space. This interpretation is corroborated by the observation of characteristic anomalies in the geometry of a particle trajectory in the metastable domain.

关键词： Spheres

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Collaboration between writer and reviewer through change representation tools

Collaboration between writer and reviewer through change rep...

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Annual Hawaii International Conference on System sciences (HICSS)

作者： Hee-Cheol Kim K.S. Eklundh Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science The Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)0769514359

Change representation concerns how changes of text are presented in writing tools. Change representation in collaborative writing can play an important role for the collaborators' understanding of changes of text. We have conducted a laboratory study where 10 pairs of a writer and a reviewer produced argumentative letters by using the change representation functions. We have also set different conditions in the experimental task: (a) two ways of representing changes, indication and display, and (b) two collaboration models, the writer- and the reviewer-initiative models. A primary source of the data was obtained though interviews with the participants. The paper reports their experience of collaboration in writing with change representation tools, relevant design conclusions, and lessons learned from the study.

关键词： Collaborative tools Writing Collaboration Collaborative work numerical analysis Computer science Laboratories Displays Visualization History

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Weak models and cue integration for real-time tracking

Weak models and cue integration for real-time tracking

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IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： D. Kragic H.I. Christensen Centre for Autonomous Systems Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden Centre for Autonomous Systems Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Traditionally, fusion of visual information for tracking has been based on explicit models for uncertainty and integration. Most of the approaches use some form of Bayesian statistics where strong models are employed. We argue that for cases where a large number of visual features are available, weak models for integration may be employed. We analyze integration by voting where two methods are proposed and evaluated: (i) response and (ii) action fusion. The methods differ in the choice of voting space: the former integrates visual information in image space and latter in velocity space. We also evaluate four weighting techniques for integration.

关键词： Voting Bayesian methods Uncertainty Robustness numerical analysis Computer science Statistics Focusing Tracking loops Acceleration

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Harmonie broadcasting is optimal 13

Harmonie broadcasting is optimal

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13th Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, SODA 2002

作者： Engebretsen, Lars Sudan, Madhu Department of Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology StockholmSE-100 44 Sweden MIT Laboratory for Computer Science 200 Technology Square NE43-307 CambridgeMA02139-3594 United States

ISBN: (纸本)089871513X

Harmonic broadcasting was introduced by Juhn and Tseng as a way to reduce the bandwidth requirements required for video-on-demand broadcasting. In this paper, we note that harmonic broadcasting is actually a special case of the priority encoded transmission scheme introduced by Albanese et al. and prove-using an information theoretic argument-that it is impossible to achieve the design goals of harmonic broadcasting using a shorter encoding.

关键词： Broadcasting

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Behaviour coordination for navigation in office environments

Behaviour coordination for navigation in office environments

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： P. Althaus H.I. Christensen Centre for Autonomous Systems Numerical Analysis and Computer Science Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm Sweden

Behaviour coordination is a notorious problem in mobile robotics. Behaviours are either in competition or collaborating to achieve the goals of a system, which leads to requirements for arbitration and/or fusion of control signals. In most systems the arbitration is specified in terms of "events" that denote positions or sensory input. The detection of these events allows discrete switching between groups of behaviours. In contrast, the fusion of behaviours is often achieved using potential fields, fuzzy rules, or superposition. In most cases, the underlying theoretical foundation is rather weak and the behaviour switching results in discrete changes in the overall system dynamics. In this paper, we present a scheme for behaviour coordination that is grounded in the dynamical systems approach. The methodology provides a solid theoretical basis for analysis and design of a behaviour coordination framework. This framework is demonstrated in the context of a domestic robot for fetch-and-carry type tasks. It is here shown that behaviour coordination can be analyzed as an integral part of the design to facilitate smooth transition and fusion between behaviours.

关键词： Navigation Robot kinematics Switches Mobile robots Control systems Solids Computer science Robot sensing systems Collaboration Event detection

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