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Supporting MAC layer multicast in IEEE 802.11 based MANETs: issues and solutions

Supporting MAC layer multicast in IEEE 802.11 based MANETs: ...

引用

Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

作者： H. Gossain N. Nandiraju K. Anand D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In IEEE 802.11 based mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) multicast packets are generally forwarded as one hop broadcast; mainly to reach all the multicast members in the neighborhood in a single transmission. Because of the broadcast property of the forwarding, packets suffer from increased instances of the hidden terminal problem. Mobility of nodes makes things more difficult, and unlike unicast transmissions where MAC can detect the movement of a nexthop by making several retries, it is not possible in case of multicast forwarding. To address these issues, we propose a multicast aware MAC protocol (MMP) for MANET. The basic objective of MMP is to provide a MAC layer support for multicast traffic. This is done by attaching an extended multicast header (EMH) by the multicast agent, which provides the address of the nexthop nodes that are supposed to receive the multicast packet. The MAC layer in MMP uses the EMH field to support an ACK based data delivery. After sending the data packet, the transmitter waits for the ACK from each of its destinations in a strictly sequential order. A retransmission of the multicast packet is performed only if the ACK from any of the nodes in EMH is missing. We compare MMP with IEEE 802.11 and results show that MMP substantially improves the performance of multicast packet delivery in MANET without creating much MAC overhead. In addition, MMP provides a better mechanism to detect the movement of its nexthop members.

关键词： mobile ad hoc networks Broadcasting Multicast protocols Road accidents Media Access Protocol Transmitters Protection Intelligent networks mobile computing Computer networks

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Impact of selfish nodes on route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks

Impact of selfish nodes on route discovery in mobile ad hoc ...

引用

IEEE Conference and Exhibition on Global Telecommunications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Qi Zhang D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

It is against our intuition that being selfish sometimes can be beneficial to both oneself and others. In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), we show potential use of this concept by categorizing mobile hosts into normal nodes and selfish nodes. Normal nodes forward packets for other nodes while selfish nodes do not. The advantage of using selfish nodes is that the total rebroadcast traffic during flooding based route discovery can be reduced. The disadvantage, in theory, is that we may miss the optimal route and suffer from a low delivery rate. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic approach to set up a proper number of selfish nodes. Using a combination of gossiping and dominating set, we can reduce the route discovery cost by minimizing the number of rebroadcasts, while achieving higher delivery rate due to the reduction of rebroadcast traffic, thereby reducing the number of collisions. We compare our approach with AODV in terms of several metrics, including average number of rebroadcasts, average number of packet collisions, end-to-end delay, and throughput. Simulation results show that our approach outperforms the AODV protocol in most cases.

关键词： Intelligent networks mobile ad hoc networks Relays Routing protocols Costs Delay Road accidents mobile communication mobile computing Computer networks

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Analysis of leveled probabilistic routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Analysis of leveled probabilistic routing in mobile ad hoc n...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Qi Zhang D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), some mobile hosts may be outside the range of the source node. In order to deliver the message to those hosts, intermediate nodes should relay the packets for them. Due to the node mobility, we cannot have a fixed group of mobile nodes perform the task of packet relaying. In this paper we propose a routing protocol based on the preassigned probability model. In this protocol, a mobile host probabilistically sends the relay packets (rebroadcasts) according to its neighborhood information. We exploit the "HELLO" message exchanges between immediate neighbors to obtain the neighborhood information. Using this method, we can reduce routing cost by minimizing the number of rebroadcasts in route discovery period without a significant impact on the network connectivity. Moreover, the chance of contention and collision among neighboring nodes is also reduced. As a result, the overall network performance is improved, while higher goodput and lower energy consumption is achieved. Our approach categorizes mobile hosts into four groups according to their neighborhood information. For each group of nodes, we assign a specified value of rebroadcasting probability. The mobile hosts with more neighbors are given higher rebroadcasting probability, while the mobile hosts with fewer neighbors have a lower rebroadcasting probability. Analytical results show that our approach outperforms the AODV protocol.

关键词： Intelligent networks mobile ad hoc networks Relays Routing protocols mobile computing Costs Ad hoc networks Computer networks distributed computing Energy consumption

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Optimal packet size in error-prone channel for IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function

Optimal packet size in error-prone channel for IEEE 802.11 d...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Jun Yin Xiaodong Wang D.P. Agrawal OBR center for Distributed and mobile computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

With the popularity of the IEEE 802.11 based wireless network, it has become increasingly important to analyze the performance of the IEEE 802.11 protocol accurately. Throughput and delay are key measures, reflecting the performance of a wireless network. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) in the saturated traffic condition, and consider the effects of packet size, the number of contention nodes, transmission collision probability and channel conditions. Under this analytical framework, we evaluate the impact of error-prone channel on unsuccessful transmission probability and its impact on the performance. A trade-off exists between the desire to reduce the ratio of overhead in the data packet by adopting larger packet size, and the need to reduce the packet error rate in the error-prone environment by using smaller packet length. An optimal packet size can be derived to maximize the throughput of the IEEE 802.11 DCF under various channel conditions and network configurations. To validate our analytical results, we have done extensive simulations, and the simulation results are observed to match very well with the analytical results.

关键词： Throughput Performance analysis Analytical models Multiaccess communication Wireless networks Wireless application protocol Error analysis Wireless LAN Computational modeling Energy efficiency

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Design and implementation of QoS-driven dynamic slot assignment and piconet partitioning algorithms over Bluetooth WPANs

Design and implementation of QoS-driven dynamic slot assignm...

引用

IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE Computer and Communications Societies

作者： C. Cordeiro S. Abhyankar D.P. Agrawal OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Bluetooth is a promising wireless technology aiming at supporting electronic devices to be instantly interconnected into short-range ad hoc networks. The Bluetooth medium access control protocol is based on the master/slave concept wherein any communication between slave devices has to go through the master. While this model is simple, it incurs longer delay between any two slave devices due to the use of non-optimal packet forwarding scheme and the use of double the bandwidth at the master. Moreover, if more than two devices want to communicate as a group, this can only be achieved by either multiple unicast transmissions or a piconet-wide broadcast from the master. To handle these issues efficiently, we propose a novel combination of dynamic slot assignment (DSA) and piconet partitioning. With DSA, the piconet master dynamically assigns slots to slaves so as to allow them to communicate directly with each other without any intervention from the master. Such proposed communication architecture provides for quality of service (QoS) requests, admission control, and multi-device conversation by which a multicast-like communication is feasible within a piconet. To widen the scope of DSA, we propose QoS-driven enhanced DSA (EDSA) where dynamic piconet partitioning and scatternet support comes into picture. Devices are grouped in piconets according to their connection endpoints in EDSA, enabling it to be employed over a scatternet. We have performed extensive simulations and observe that these schemes drastically enhance Bluetooth performance in terms of delay and throughput, while significantly reducing network power consumption.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Personal area networks Partitioning algorithms Bluetooth Master-slave Quality of service Scattering Ad hoc networks Media Access Protocol Access protocols

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Localized transmission scheduling for spatial multiplexing using smart antennas in wireless adhoc networks

Localized transmission scheduling for spatial multiplexing u...

引用

IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN)

作者： D. Lal T. Joshi D.P. Agrawal OBR Research Center of Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In our paper, we investigate some MAC layer issues associated with the use of multiple-beam smart antennas at nodes in a distributed wireless ad-hoc network. We propose a transmitter-initiated on-demand MAC protocol that exploits the spatial parallelism in the transmission of packets at a node. We devise two MAC scheduling strategies in the one-hop neighborhood of a node, largest edge first (LEF) and largest degree node first (LDNF), that allow spatial parallelism to be exploited in the transmission as well as reception of packets. Our simulation results indicate that significant gain may be achieved through our scheduling strategies in a one-hop traffic bottleneck.

关键词： Transmitting antennas Intelligent networks Ad hoc networks Optimal scheduling Media Access Protocol Array signal processing mobile antennas Parallel processing Directional antennas Directive antennas

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The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc networks using directional antennas

The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc netwo...

引用

IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： H. Gossain C. Cordeiro D. Cavalcanti D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Networking Technologies Laboratory Nokia Research Center Tampere Finland

This paper addresses the issue of deafness in directional antennas for wireless ad hoc networks. Deafness is caused when a node X repeatedly attempts to communicate with node Y but is unsuccessful, because Y is presently tuned to some other antenna beam. In this paper, we first outline the different factors which contribute to such deafness in directional antennas and its significant impact on network performance. We then propose two schemes to overcome deafness scenarios which are transparent to the underlying directional MAC protocol in use. In addition, we also claim that IEEE 802.11 short retry limit (SRL) needs a special handling in directional environment because of the presence of deafness. We have done a detailed performance evaluation of our schemes with different directional MAC protocols running over switched beam antennas and the initial results are found to be very promising.

关键词： Deafness Intelligent networks Ad hoc networks Directional antennas Media Access Protocol Interference Signal to noise ratio mobile computing Computer networks distributed computing

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Broadcasting over switched single beam antennas

Broadcasting over switched single beam antennas

引用

IEEE International Conference on Networks

作者： T. Joshi C. Cordeiro S. Vogety Jun Yin H. Gossain D.P. Agrawal OBR Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Networking Technologies Laboratory Nokia Research Center Tampere Finland

In switched single beam directional antenna model, broadcasting is achieved by sequentially steering the antenna beam across all pre-defined directions resulting in a sweeping delay. In this paper, we study the suggested techniques to alleviate the broadcast storm problems in ad hoc networks with directional antennas, point out their shortcomings, and propose two new schemes, namely, the new enhanced directional flooding (NEDF) and the probabilistic relay broadcasting (PKB). We thoroughly compare the performance of these protocols with present directional broadcast schemes including omni directional flooding over six, twelve and eighteen antenna beam models. The results indicate that directional broadcasting provides excellent connectivity in the regions of sparse density as compared to omni directional broadcasting.

关键词： Broadcasting Directional antennas Floods Directive antennas Routing protocols Interference Delay mobile computing Computer networks distributed computing

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Probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighbor confirmation in mobile ad hoc networks

Probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighb...

引用

IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： Jae-soo Kim Qi Zhang D.P. Agrawal Department of Computer Engineering Sangju National University Sangju South Korea OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Broadcasting is a fundamental and effective data dissemination mechanism for route discovery, address resolution and many other network services in ad hoc networks. While data broadcasting has many advantages, it also causes some problems such as the broadcast storm problem, which is characterized by redundant retransmission, collision, and contention. Although many approaches have been proposed to solve them, none of them guarantees the lowest bound. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighbor confirmation in mobile ad hoc networks. We use the coverage area of a node to adjust the rebroadcast probability. If a mobile node is located in the area closer to sender, which means it has small additional coverage and rebroadcast from this node can reach less additional nodes, its rebroadcast probability is set lower. On the other hand, if a mobile node is located in the area far from the sender, which means that the additional coverage from this node is large, its rebroadcast probability is set higher. The coverage area can be estimated from the distance between sender and receiver and the distance can be estimated by signal strength or Global Positional System. Our approach combines the advantages of probabilistic and area based approach. Simulation results show that our approach can improve the average performance of broadcasting in various network scenarios. Our approach is simple and can be easily implemented in MANET.

关键词： Broadcasting Intelligent networks mobile ad hoc networks Computer networks distributed computing Ad hoc networks Broadcast technology Wireless communication Data engineering mobile computing

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A reverse channel call admission control scheme based on total received power for CDMA systems supporting integrated voice/data services

A reverse channel call admission control scheme based on tot...

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IEEE Conference and Exhibition on Global Telecommunications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Wei Li D.P. Agrawal OBR Center of Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems, the number of users that each cell can support is limited by the total received power or interference received at each base station and can vary with time. The total received power can be used as an indicator of traffic load in call admission control. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to estimate the updated total received power due to a new call based on the current measure of the received power. Using this algorithm, we propose a call admission control (CAC) scheme with the purpose of maximizing the resource utilization and guaranteeing a minimum amount of resources for each type of traffic when congestion occurs. We model the system by a multi-dimensional Markov chain to evaluate the system performance.

关键词： Call admission control Multiaccess communication Multiple access interference Base stations Telecommunication traffic Current measurement Power measurement Resource management Traffic control Power system modeling

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