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A credit-payment scheme for packet forwarding fairness in mobile ad hoc networks

A credit-payment scheme for packet forwarding fairness in mo...

引用

2005 IEEE International Conference on Communications, ICC 2005

作者： Yoo, Younghwan Ahn, Sanghyun Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 School of Computer Science University of Seoul Seoul 130-743 Korea Republic of

Routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have assumed that all nodes voluntarily participate in forwarding others' packets. This was a reasonable assumption because all nodes in previous MANETs belonged to a single authority. In the near future, however, a MANET may consist of nodes that belong to multiple organizations since various civilian applications are expected to appear. In this situation, mobile nodes may deliberately avoid packet forwarding to save their own energy, resulting in network partition. To make nodes volunteer in packet forwarding we suggest a payment scheme called Protocol-Independent Fairness Algorithm (PIFA). In this type of schemes, nodes need credits to transmit their own packets, and this credit can be earned by forwarding others' packets. PIFA can be utilized irrespective of the type of basic routing protocols, while previous methods are compatible only with source routing like DSR. Simulation results show that PIFA can prevent network partition and network performance degradation due to selfish nodes by inducing them to participate in forwarding packets. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Packet networks

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Tree based data aggregation in sensor networks using polynomial regression

Tree based data aggregation in sensor networks using polynom...

引用

International Conference on Information Fusion

作者： T. Banerjee K. Chowdhury D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In this paper, we propose a tree based regression algorithm, (TREG) that addresses the problem of data compression in wireless sensor networks. By function approximation based on multivariable polynomial regression and passing only the coefficients returned by the regression function instead of aggregated data, TREG achieves the following goals: (1) the sink can get attribute values in regions devoid of sensor nodes for attribute values that show smooth spatial gradation (2) readings over any portion of the region can be obtained at one time by querying the root instead of flooding those regions, thus incurring significant energy savings. As size of the data packet transmitted, from one tree node to another remains constant, the proposed scheme scales well with growing network density. Extensive simulations are performed on real world data to demonstrate the effectiveness of our aggregation algorithm. Results reveal that for a network density of 0.0025, the optimal tree-depth should be 4 in order to restrict the absolute error to less than a threshold of 6%. A data compression ratio of about 0.02 is achieved using our proposed algorithm, which is almost independent of tree depth.

关键词： Intelligent networks Polynomials Regression tree analysis Function approximation Data compression Binary trees mobile computing distributed computing Wireless sensor networks Sensor phenomena and characterization

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Effects of contention window and packet size on the energy efficiency of wireless local area network

Effects of contention window and packet size on the energy e...

引用

IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Xiaodong Wang Jun Yin D.P. Agrawal OBR center for Distributed and mobile computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

The paper introduces an analytical model to investigate the energy efficiency of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordinated function (DCF). Many factors, such as the number of contending nodes, packet size, contention window, packet transmission collision probability and channel condition, that affect the energy efficiency of 802.11 DCF have been considered. We determine the packet transmission probability by a method simpler than the existing Markov chain model. The paper identifies the tradeoff in choosing packet size to optimize the energy efficiency of DCF in error-prone environments. The effects of contention window and packet size on the energy efficiency are obtained for both DCF basic mode and DCF with four-way handshaking. It is shown that under error-prone environments, optimal packet size can improve more on the energy efficiency than optimal contention window. Combining both optimal contention window and optimal packet size can achieve the maximum optimization. To validate our analytical results, we have done extensive simulations, and they seem to match very well with the presented analytical results.

关键词： Energy efficiency Wireless LAN Analytical models Batteries Throughput Power control Protocols Multiaccess communication Performance analysis Delay

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Dynamic admission control and QoS for 802.16 wireless MAN

Dynamic admission control and QoS for 802.16 wireless MAN

引用

Wireless Telecommunications Symposium, WTS

作者： H. Wang W. Li D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

IEEE 802.16 wireless MAN is expected to revolutionize of the broadband wireless access technology. The grant/request mechanism in IEEE 802.16 MAC provides different quality of service (QoS) for different service flows. In the paper, we discuss the QoS issue in IEEE 802.16 wireless MANs and propose an admission control scheme for services defined in the 802.16 specifications. Our proposed scheme provides the highest priority for UGS flows and maximizes the bandwidth utilization by bandwidth borrowing and degradation. We also develop an analytical model to evaluate the system performance. Some numerical results are included to provide a better understanding of our scheme.

关键词： Admission control Bandwidth Quality of service Control systems Wireless LAN Broadband antennas Wireless networks mobile computing distributed computing System performance

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A cross-layer approach for efficient flooding in wireless sensor networks

A cross-layer approach for efficient flooding in wireless se...

引用

IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Xiaodong Wang Jun Yin Qi Zhang D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Due to the high node density and stringent constraints on the energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, designing an energy efficient flooding scheme with high reachability is critical for the operation and the lifetime of sensor networks. Many existing flooding approaches address the needs of general ad hoc networks. In contrast, this paper presents a cross-layer approach tailored specifically to the needs of sensor networks. Without assuming location awareness, a novel MAC layer access-deferring scheme, based on the received signal power, is proposed to reduce the collision possibility and broadcast redundancy. Local neighborhood information is piggybacked onto the broadcast packet, and exploited to enhance the reachability. Simulation results show that compared with probabilistic flooding, this scheme has good performance in terms of reachability, average delay and energy efficiency. Moreover, we examine how the range estimation error and neighborhood information inaccuracy introduced by the fading environment affects the performance of our flooding scheme.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Energy efficiency Broadcasting Floods Energy consumption Ad hoc networks mobile radio mobility management Redundancy Delay Estimation error

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A cross-layer approach for designing directional routing protocol in MANETs

A cross-layer approach for designing directional routing pro...

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2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC 2005: Broadband Wirelss for the Masses - Ready for Take-off

作者： Gossain, Hrishikesh Joshi, Tarun Cordeiro, Carlos Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States Philips Research Wireless Communications and Networking Department Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780389662

In this paper we propose a Directional Routing Protocol (DRP) for MANETs. DRP is an on-demand directional routing protocol which assumes a cross layer interaction between routing and MAC layer. The main features of DRP include an efficient route discovery mechanism, establishment and maintenance of directional routing and directional neighbor tables (DRT and DNT respectively), and novel directional route recovery mechanisms. We have implemented DRP on top of an existing MAC protocol for directional antennas and have compared its performance with the popular dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol over both omni-directional and directional antenna models. Preliminary simulation results are found to be very promising. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Network protocols

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MDA: an efficient directional MAC scheme for wireless ad hoc networks

MDA: an efficient directional MAC scheme for wireless ad hoc...

引用

GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005.

作者： H. Gossain C. Cordeiro D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

This paper addresses the issue of deafness and hidden terminal problem in a mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) using directional antennas. To minimize these effects, we propose a MAC protocol for directional Antennas (MDA) which employs an enhanced directional network allocation vector (NAV) scheme and, a novel technique of diametrically opposite directions (DOD) transmission of RTS and CTS. We compare MDA with IEEE 802.11 and two recently proposed directional MAC protocols and results show that MDA outperforms these protocols in the majority of scenarios investigated. We also point out that the performance does depend on the network topology and the traffic pattern

关键词： Ad hoc networks Directional antennas Media Access Protocol Deafness US Department of Defense mobile ad hoc networks Signal to noise ratio Directive antennas Transmitters mobile computing

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Challenges in utilizing aggregate logical sensor units for wireless sensory information networks

Challenges in utilizing aggregate logical sensor units for w...

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2005 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC 2005

作者： Kumar, Anup Dhekne, P.S. Agrawal, Dharma P. Lab. CECS University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 Computer Division Mod Lab. BARC Mumbai India OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030

ISBN: (纸本)3800729091

Historically, a large number of small and cheaper sensors are deployed to form a sensor network. This paper provides rationale behind using an Aggregate Logical Sensor Unit (ALSU) as a building block in a Wireless Sensory Information network (WSIN). In this architecture, a single ALSU is composed of many off-the-shelf sensor nodes in the manner similar to the Beowulf cluster concept. The highly capable, cost effective and flexible ALSUs built in this manner from several smaller physical sensor nodes, would enable high computation power and built-in reliability for sensor applications. The objective of this paper is to provide an alternative where energy and computation is not a limiting factor in order to achieve the operational objectives of WSIN applications. This paper highlights critical issues that need to be addressed in developing a framework where each ALSU could have the capability to perform required operations as dictated by an underlying application. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless sensor networks

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A cross layer MAC with explicit synchronization through intelligent feedback for multiple beam antennas

A cross layer MAC with explicit synchronization through inte...

引用

GLOBECOM '05. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005.

作者： V. Jain A. Gupta D. Lal D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing University of Cincinnati USA Research and Technology Center Robert Bosch Corporation USA

This paper introduces a novel cross layer medium access control protocol for multiple beam antennas to fully utilize their multiple-beam-forming capability. Our protocol, explicit synchronization via intelligent feedback (ESIF), uses feedback from neighboring nodes to synchronize data communication at multiple beams. ESIF exploits routing information to guarantee long-term fairness and minimize the energy and latency overheads. Unlike previous works on directional antennas that discuss range extension, we focus on optimal spatial reuse. Simulation results demonstrate that ESIF outperforms other on-demand access schemes based on IEEE 802.11 DCF for multiple beam antennas

关键词： Cross layer design Feedback Directional antennas Peer to peer computing Media Access Protocol Antenna arrays Access protocols Data communication Adaptive arrays Routing

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A new routing mechanism for integrating cellular networks, WLAN hot spots and MANETS

A new routing mechanism for integrating cellular networks, W...

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2005 IEEE 16th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC 2005

作者： Cavalcanti, Dave Cordeiro, Carlos Kumar, Anup Agrawal, Dharma OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH Philips Research USA Wireless Communications and Networking Department Briarcliff Manor NY 10510 Department of Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Louisville Louisville KY

ISBN: (纸本)3800729091

A growing need for ubiquitous connectivity has motivated the integration of various wireless technologies such as cellular systems, WLANs and MANETs. In this paper we introduce the Integrated Routing Protocol (IRP) that exploits topology information obtained by cellular Base Stations and WLAN Access Points in the route discovery and maintenance in a heterogeneous wireless access network. IRP also provides connectivity to the cellular network and/or WLAN hotspots through the multi-hop routing by allowing out of coverage users to maintain routes to Gateway Nodes (GN). We provide a simulation study of IRP with two different link quality metrics, number of hops and a new integrated metric based on the Expected Transmission Time (ETT). Our results show that IRP improves the network coverage and capacity and allows connectivity alternatives that are not supported by other integrated solutions. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Routing protocols

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