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International Conference and Workshop on computing and Communication (IEMCON)

作者： Khaldoon Alshouiliy Abhishek Shivanna Sujan Ray Ali AlGhamdi Dharma P Agrawal Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing EECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati USA Department of Computer Science and Information Technology AlBaha University Al Agig Saudi Arabia

ISBN: (纸本)9781728125312

Nowadays, healthcare sector starts relying on the datasets that are collected by clinics or some organizations to help doctors in predicting and analyzing the patient's status in early stage. There are many dangerous diseases around the world that people suffer from them, but one of the most dangerous diseases is cancer. Recent research shows that about 12% US women over the course of their life, develop invasive breast cancer. Thus, in this case, the breast cancer (BC) is categorized as a dangerous type among all cancer types. This study focuses on BC by using a well-known dataset titled Breast Cancer Wisconsin (Diagnostic) Data Set. It has 32 attributes and 569 instances. Some of those attributes have missing values and others are not necessary for our work. So, we removed the ID column and any instance that has a missing value. Our aims in this research is analyzing BC dataset and understand its features. Then, we upload it to Microsoft Azure machine learning (AzureML) platform for building our model. We use two classes Decision Jungle and two Classes Decision machine learning algorithms to predicate whether the patient diagnose is Benign or Malignant. We assess the performance of each algorithms in terms of different measures like Accuracy, Precision, Recall, F1 and AUC. The results of our study in this paper show that the accuracy of Decision Jungle is approximately 97%. On the other hand, the accuracy of Decision tree is approximately 95%.

关键词： Breast cancer Machine learning algorithms Decision trees Machine learning Support vector machines Heating systems

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Reliability tradeoffs for energy efficient wireless networks

Reliability tradeoffs for energy efficient wireless networks

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International Conference on Selected Topics in mobile and Wireless Networking (iCOST)

作者： Talmai Oliveira Fabíola Greve Anna Maria Vegni Dharma P. Agrawal School of Computing Sciences and Informatics Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing University of Cincinnati USA Computer Science Department (DCC) Federal University of Bahia Brazil Department of Applied Electronics University of Roma Tre Rome Italy

A complex wireless deployment under realistic scenario is prone to failures and it becomes very hard to determine when to stop retransmitting a message in order to ensure proper delivery. In this paper, a simple effective link-attribute estimator is proposed that is capable of identifying the quality of communication between neighboring mobile devices while maintaining the scalability. By relying on our link-quality estimator, a maximum number of attempts is computed which (probabilistically) ensures the message delivery while maintaining energy-efficiency. Through appropriate adjustments, our estimator is capable of obtaining the bounds on the number of retransmission attempts required to increase the message delivery ratio. This enables wireless devices to establish a threshold on the number of transmission attempts, thereby avoiding those retransmissions that would only result in wasted energy. Such dynamic threshold helps enforce at least a minimum number of transmission. Simulations prove the effectiveness of our LQ estimator with respect to energy efficiency and message delivery reliability. Results indicate that an acceptable message delivery ratio can be maintained while increasing the overall energy efficiency.

关键词： Reliability Network topology Wireless networks Protocols Topology mobile handsets

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An identity-based authentication and key establishment scheme for multi-operator maintained wireless mesh networks

An identity-based authentication and key establishment schem...

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International Conference on mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems

作者： He, Bing Agrawal, Dharma P. Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424474882

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) offer broadband wireless Internet access with flexible and cost-effective deployment. Security is one of the key issues should be considered before WMNs get widespread use. Authentication and key establishment (AKE) schemes enable two entities to share common communication keys in an authentic way. In a WMN, a Mesh Client (MC) and the accessing Mesh Router (MR) need to need to authenticate each other before the secure connection could be set up between them. Due to mobility of MCs, a WMN needs to have efficient authentication and key establishment scheme to provide adequate security while meeting the Quality of Service (QoS) requirements, especially during clients handoff. Mesh routers (MRs) also need to authenticate each other before set up the wireless connection. In this paper, we propose a authentication and key establishment scheme for WMN based on the identity-based cryptography (IBC), which enables efficient key agreement and mutual authentication between network entities in a WMN. Through this distributed authentication key establishment scheme, network entities can authenticate each other and establish pairwise communication keys with substantially reduced communication overhead and authentication delay. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Authentication

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Exploring load balancing in heterogeneous networks by rate distribution

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International Journal of Autonomous and Adaptive Communications Systems 2010年第3期3卷 284-307页

作者： Haldar, Kuheli Louha Jun, Jung-Hyun Oliveira, Talmai Agrawal, Dharma P. Department of Computer Science Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States

In a heterogeneous wireless network (HWN), traffic is distributed primarily by grouping and channelling identical traffic through a particular access point. In this paper, we introduce an effective traffic load balancing scheme for maximising expected throughput in HWNs. Two scenarios are explored. First, we model multiple APs of a HWN as a cascade of independent M/M/1 queues. The expected number of packets in the system is formulated as a convex optimisation problem and solved using a Lagrange multiplier. A recursive approach is used in distributing the traffic to different APs. Then, we model multiple APs as a union of multiple M/M/1 and M/D/1 queues. Here, we minimise the time spent by each job in the system. We use a solver to obtain optimal rate distribution among the networks. Through extensive simulations, we show that distributing the traffic optimally outperforms existing traditional methods of grouping and channelling similar kind of traffic. Copyright © 2010 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Lagrange multipliers

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Adaptive Probabilistic Decision-Based Energy Saving Strategy for the Next Generation Cellular Wireless Systems

Adaptive Probabilistic Decision-Based Energy Saving Strategy...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： W. Fu Z. Tao J. Zhang D. P. Agrawal Center of Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories Inc. Cambridge MA USA

As mobile stations (MSs) in the next generation cellular wireless systems will more frequently operate on multiple applications, such as web browsing, VoIP, online video etc., energy saving becomes more critical and face new challenges from the quality of service (QoS) requirements. A special operation state, called sleep mode, is designed for energy saving of MS, in which MS operates on continuous sleep cycles, where every sleep cycle is the sum of a listening window and a sleep window. This paper proposes an energy saving method that adaptively determines sleep cycles and shifts listening window. When MS is in sleep mode, the sleep cycles are extended by probabilistic decisions related to the traffic statistic attributes. Different from conventional methods, our method is also able to deal with mixed traffic pattern by shifting listening window. Extensive simulation results validate the advantages of our method both in terms of energy saving and shorter response time.

关键词： Quality of service mobile computing USA Councils Telecommunication traffic Traffic control Handheld computers Communications Society distributed computing Peer to peer computing computer science

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Differentiable Spectrum Partition for Fractional Frequency Reuse in Multi-Cell OFDMA Networks

Differentiable Spectrum Partition for Fractional Frequency R...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Weihuang Fu Zhifeng Tao Jinyun Zhang Dharma P. Agrawal Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories Inc. Cambridge MA USA

To mitigate inter-cell interference (ICI) and achieve higher spectrum efficiency, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) has been widely adopted by the next generation wireless systems, wherein different frequency reuse factors are applied to cell center and cell edge zones. In such conventional FFR, a contiguous radio spectrum is partitioned in a fixed fashion across all cells for edge and cell center zones. This approach evidently lacks the flexibility of inter-cell and/or intra-cell resource allocation adjustment and the capability of dealing with traffic load fluctuation and quality of service (QoS) requirements variations. This paper models the implementation of FFR in a multi-cell network environment and proposes a scheme called D-FFR that can adaptively partition radio spectrum in a distributed manner to achieve different FFR configuration among different cells. Resource demands and various inter-cell/intracell allocation constraints are accounted in D-FFR to enable differentiable inter-cell and/or intra-cell throughput and deliver higher spectrum efficiency. Analytical and extensive simulation results are provided in the paper to validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

关键词： Resource management Telecommunication traffic Quality of service Frequency conversion USA Councils Interference Throughput Communications Society mobile computing computer networks

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Clustering Based Fractional Frequency Reuse and Fair Resource Allocation in Multi-Cell Networks

Clustering Based Fractional Frequency Reuse and Fair Resourc...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

Fractional frequency reuse (FFR), using different frequency reuse factors for cell center and edge regions, is able to effectively improve spectrum efficiency in multi-cell OFDMA networks. However, optimal performance is hard to achieve in practice as the efficiency of resource allocation could drop drastically due to the constraint from the frequency partitions formed by FFR. Since the radio resource is pre-partitioned for cell edge and center, fair resource allocation in a cell is also difficult to implement. Conventional frequency partition adjustment either has high complexity due to global optimization or suffers from heavy performance degradation due to absence of effective control on inter-cell interference (ICI). To solve this issue, we create models for analyzing geographical distribution of interference in multi-cell networks. Based on the observed non-uniform distributed ICI, we redefine the zones for fractional reuse and propose clustering based FFR, which offers resource allocation higher flexibility and better fairness with additional spatial dimension. Extensive simulation has been performed to validate practicality and effectiveness of our proposed scheme.

关键词： Radio spectrum management Resource management Interference USA Councils Degradation Space technology Communications Society mobile computing computer networks distributed computing

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Characterizing deployment and distribution of self-powered mesh routers in wireless mesh networks

Characterizing deployment and distribution of self-powered m...

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IEEE International Conference on Performance, computing and Communications (IPCCC)

作者： Weihuang Fu Xiaoyuan Wang Dharma P. Agrawal Center of Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Widely deployed mesh routers (MRs) interconnect to each other and form a multi-hop backbone of a wireless mesh network (WMN), which provides a ubiquitous high-speed network access service for mesh clients (MCs) with a multi-cell architecture. Besides using air-interfaces, a more flexible and low cost MR deployment assumes lack of power cable at the locations of MRs, which enables MRs to be deployed anywhere needed. In deploying such a WMN, the power issue of MRs can be addressed by carry-on batteries that could be recharged by solar panels. The deployment of MRs, on the other hand, should ensure the connectivity of multi-hop backbone network, and an overlapped multi-cell coverage is also necessary to provide seamless connections for MCs. This paper provides analytical models to simultaneously consider connectivity, coverage and energy constraints in MR deployment and derives the necessary MR distribution function. Following the obtained results, we also propose a non-uniform WMN deployment scheme that substantially enhances the network throughput. Simulation results validate the effectiveness and advantages of our deployment strategy.

关键词： Wireless mesh networks Spread spectrum communication Spine High-speed networks Costs Power cables Batteries Analytical models Distribution functions Throughput

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A multi-rate based router placement scheme for wireless mesh networks

A multi-rate based router placement scheme for wireless mesh...

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IEEE Internatonal Conference on mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)

作者： Junfang Wang Kan Cai Dharma R. Agrawal Center of Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Department of Computer Science University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada

Mesh router (MR) placement is one of the fundamental issues that need to be addressed carefully to achieve a desired performance of a wireless mesh network (WMN). The objective of the MR placement schemes is to systematically determine the minimal number of MRs and their positions while satisfying various constraints, such as coverage, connectivity, traffic demand, etc. This paper explores the solution for placing the MRs with multiple transmission rates, which influence both transmission range and wireless link capacity. In the paper, we first formulate the problem with a mixed integer programming model. We then present a heuristic placement algorithm called ILSearch which takes into account both multiple transmission rates and co-channel interference. The ILSearch consists of two components: (1) Coverage MR determination which greedily exploits the capability of each selected MR to cover mesh clients (MCs); and (2) Relay MR determination that incrementally chooses the additional MRs for traffic relaying through the local search. Our simulation has not only shown that ILSearch can effectively obtain the MR placement that meets all the constraints, but also demonstrated that a MR placement which considers the variable transmission rates outperforms those don't.

关键词： Wireless mesh networks Relays Telecommunication traffic Internet computer science Traffic control Linear programming Heuristic algorithms Interchannel interference Mesh networks

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Error Control Strategies for WiMAX Multi-Hop Relay Networks

Error Control Strategies for WiMAX Multi-Hop Relay Networks

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GLOBECOM 2009 - 2009 IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference

作者： Weihuang Fu Zhifeng Tao Jinyun Zhang Dharma P. Agrawal Center of Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories Inc. Cambridge MA USA

Next generation wireless system such as advanced WiMAX (i.e., IEEE802.16m) and LTE advanced will fully embrace multi-hop relay architecture. The conventional Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) and the more recent Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) are two simple yet highly effective error control techniques designed for single hop system. Nevertheless, extending them in a synergistic manner to support multi-hop relay networks is by no means a trivial undertaking. This paper explores a variety of multi-hop error control techniques such as hop-by-hop ARQ, 2-link ARQ and end-to-end ARQ, and various possible combinations with HARQ. We further establish an analytical framework for each of these key techniques and evaluate the performance. Based on the analysis and comparison, we propose a low complexity error control mechanism tailored for the multihop transmission features. Extensive simulation results compare the performance and validate our analytical framework.

关键词： Error correction WiMAX Spread spectrum communication Relays Automatic repeat request Performance analysis Analytical models Throughput Data communication Propagation delay

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