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MDA: An efficient directional MAC scheme for wireless ad hoc networks

MDA: An efficient directional MAC scheme for wireless ad hoc...

引用

GLOBECOM'05: IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 2005

作者： Gossain, Hrishikesh Cordeiro, Carlos Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030

ISBN: (纸本)0780394143

This paper addresses the issue of deafness and hidden terminal problem in a mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) using directional antennas. To minimize these effects, we propose a MAC protocol for directional Antennas (MDA) which employs an enhanced directional network allocation vector (NA V) scheme and, a novel technique of Diametrically Opposite Directions (DOD) transmission of RTS and CTS. We compare MDA with IEEE 802.11 and two recently proposed directional MAC protocols and results show that MDA outperforms these protocols in the majority of scenarios investigated. We also point out that the performance does depend on the network topology and the truffle pattern.

关键词： Network protocols

来源：评论

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Energy aware routing for spatio-temporal queries in sensor networks

Energy aware routing for spatio-temporal queries in sensor n...

引用

2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC 2005: Broadband Wirelss for the Masses - Ready for Take-off

作者： Jain, Neha Biswas, Ratnabali Nandiraju, Nagesh Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS Department University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780389662

Wireless sensor networks is an emerging technology that can significantly improve the quality of spatio-temporal data monitoring because of their untethered operation and potential for large scale deployment. In this paper, we define a communication architecture that supports distributed query processing to evaluate spatio-temporal queries within the network. We represent these queries by query trees and distribute query operators to appropriate sensor nodes. As operator execution demands high computation capability, we propose use of a heterogenous sensor network where query operators are assigned to sparsely deployed resource-rich nodes within a dense network of low power sensor nodes. We design an adaptive, decentralized, low communication overhead algorithm to determine an operator placement on the resource-rich nodes in the network to minimize cost of transmitting data along a routing tree constructed to continuously retrieve data at the sink, from a set of spatially distributed geographical regions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to build an energy aware routing infrastructure to enable in-network processing of spatio-temporal queries. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Routers

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Exploiting multi path routing to achieve service differentiation in sensor networks

Exploiting multi path routing to achieve service differentia...

引用

11th IEEE International Conference on Networks, ICON 2003

作者： Jain, Neha Madathil, Dilip K. Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS Department University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780377885

Limited battery life of the nodes in a sensor network, has encouraged optimization of resources so as to maximize network lifetime. When network resources are scarce, satisfying user requirements without sacrificing network performance becomes a challenging problem. In this paper, we address this by using a novel service differentiation approach and use mutipath routing, to provide prioritized treatment to time critical applications in a distributed, energy-efficient and scalable manner. We utilize our multipath routing protocol primarily designed for load balancing and enhance its usefulness by exploring the use of resource reservation in achieving Quality of Service aware multipath routing. We are able to provide a reduced response time to critical queries without adversely affecting the network lifetime. ©2003 IEEE.

关键词： Quality of service

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Concurrent packet reception bounds of on-demand MAC protocols for multiple beam antennas

Concurrent packet reception bounds of on-demand MAC protocol...

引用

2006 IEEE 17th International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and mobile Radio Communications, PIMRC

作者： Jain, Vivek Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1424403294

Multiple beam antennas can initiate several data communications concurrently by forming spatially separable beams. However, their concurrent packet reception (CPR) capability is largely governed by the underlying medium access control (MAC) protocol. In this paper, we present an analytical framework to calculate CPR upper bounds of multiple beam antennas using on-demand MAC protocols. The model can be used for adaptively changing transmission probability of the nodes so as to achieve optimal performance. We consider both transmitter-initiated and receiver initiated medium access protocols with uniform and random distribution of nodes. Using the developed model, we compute CPR capability of IEEE 802.11 DCF and ESIF based mechanisms for multiple beam antennas. We verify our model using simulations. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Medium access control

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Effects of contention window and packet size on the energy efficiency of wireless local area network

Effects of contention window and packet size on the energy e...

引用

2005 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, WCNC 2005: Broadband Wirelss for the Masses - Ready for Take-off

作者： Wang, Xiaodong Yin, Jun Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780389662

This paper introduces an analytical model to investigate the energy efficiency of 802.11 distributed coordinated function (DCF). Many factors, such as the number of contending nodes, packet size, contention window, packet transmission collision probability and channel condition, that affect the energy efficiency of 802.11 DCF have been considered. We determine the packet transmission probability by a method simpler than the existing Markov chain model. This paper identifies the tradeoff in choosing packet size to optimize the energy efficiency of DCF in error-prone environments. The effects of contention window and packet size on the energy efficiency are obtained for both DCF basic mode and DCF with four-way handshaking. It is shown that under error-prone environments optimal packet size can improve more on the energy efficiency than optimal contention window. Combining both optimal contention window and optimal packet size can achieve the maximum optimization. To validate our analytical results, we have done extensive simulations, and they seem to match very well with the presented analytical results. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless telecommunication systems

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Attribute allocation in large scale sensor networks 05

Attribute allocation in large scale sensor networks

引用

2nd International Workshop on Data Management for Sensor Networks, DMSN 2005, Held in Conjunction with Very Large Data Bases

作者： Biswas, Ratnabali Chowdhury, Kaushik Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Dept. of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)1595932062

Wireless sensor network is an emerging technology that enables remote monitoring of large geographical regions. In this paper, we address the problem of distributing attributes over such a large-scale sensor network so that the cost of data retrieval is minimized. The proposed scheme is a data-centric storage scheme where the attributes are distributed over the network depending on the correlations between them. The problem addressed here is similar to the Allocation Problem of distributed databases. In this paper, we have defined the Allocation Problem in the context of sensor networks and have proposed a scheme for finding a good distribution of attributes to the sensor network. We also propose an architecture for query processing given such a distribution of attributes. Finally, we present simulations results to illustrate the conditions under which our proposed architecture is beneficial. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the attribute allocation problem of distributed databases in the context of sensor networks. Copyright 2005 ACM.

关键词： Geographical regions

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The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc networks using directional antennas

The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc netwo...

引用

IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference Workshops, GLOBECOM 2004

作者： Gossain, Hrishikesh Cordeiro, Carlos Cavalcanti, Dave Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 Nokia Research Center Networking Technologies Lab. Tampere Finland

This paper addresses the issue of deafness in directional antennas for wireless ad hoc networks. Deafness is caused when a node X repeatedly attempts to communicate with node Y but is unsuccessful, because Y is presently tuned to some other antenna beam. In this paper, we first outline different factors which contribute to such deafness in directional antennas and its significant impact on network performance. We then propose two schemes to overcome deafness scenarios which are transparent to the underlying directional MAC protocol in use. In addition, we also claim that IEEE 802.11 Short Retry Limit (SRL) needs a special handling in directional environment because of the presence of deafness. We have done a detailed performance evaluation of our schemes with different directional MAC protocols running over switched beam antennas and the initial results are found to be very promising. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless telecommunication systems

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Broadcasting over switched single beam antennas

Broadcasting over switched single beam antennas

引用

2004 12th IEEE International Conference on Networks, ICON 2004 - Unity in Diversity

作者： Joshi, Tarun Cordeiro, Carlos Vogety, Sasidhar Yin, Jun Gossain, Hrishikesh Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States Nokia Research Center Networking Technologies Lab Tampere Finland

ISBN: (纸本)078038783X

In switched single beam directional antenna model, broadcasting is achieved by sequentially steering the antenna beam across all pre-defined directions resulting in a sweeping delay. In this paper we study suggested techniques to alleviate broadcast storm problems in ad hoc networks with directional antennas, point out their shortcomings, and propose two new schemes, namely, the New Enhanced Directional Flooding (NEDF) and the Probabilistic Relay Broadcasting (PRB). We thoroughly compare the performance of these protocols with present directional broadcast schemes including omni directional flooding over six, twelve and eighteen antenna beam models. The results indicate that directional broadcasting provides excellent connectivity in the regions of sparse density as compared to omni directional broadcasting. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Broadcasting

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Probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighbor confirmation in mobile ad hoc networks

Probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighb...

引用

IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference Workshops, GLOBECOM 2004

作者： Kim, Jae-Soo Zhang, Qi Agrawal, Dharma P. Department of Computer Engineering Sangju National University Sangju Korea Republic of OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH

Broadcasting is a fundamental and effective data dissemination mechanism for route discovery, address resolution and many other network services in ad hoc networks. While data broadcasting has many advantages, it also causes some problems such as the broadcast storm problem, which is characterized by redundant retransmission, collision, and contention. Although many approaches have been proposed to solve them, none of them guarantees the lowest bound. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighbor confirmation in mobile ad hoc networks. We use the coverage area of a node to adjust the rebroadcast probability. If a mobile node is located in the area closer to sender, which means it has small additional coverage and rebroadcast from this node can reach less additional nodes, so its rebroadcast probability will be set lower. On the other hand, if a mobile node is located in the area far from sender, which means that the additional coverage from this node is large, its rebroadcast probability will be set higher. The coverage area can be estimated from the distance between sender and receiver and the distance can be estimated by signal strength or global positional system. Our approach combines the advantages of probabilistic and area based approach. Simulation results show that our approach can improve the average performance of broadcasting in various network scenarios. Our approach is simple and can be easily implemented in MANET. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： mobile telecommunication systems

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Parallel cluster formation for secured communication in wireless ad hoc networks

Parallel cluster formation for secured communication in wire...

引用

2004 12th IEEE International Conference on Networks, ICON 2004 - Unity in Diversity

作者： Shah, Vivek Deng, Hongmei Agrawal, Dharma P. OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)078038783X

Routing protocols in wireless ad hoc network are highly insecure and prone to various attacks owing to its inherent characteristics of open medium, dynamically changing topologies and distributed cooperation between the member nodes. Having a secure routing protocol in wireless ad hoc networks appears to be a problem that is not trivial to solve. In this paper we mainly consider the vulnerabilities of Cluster Based Routing Protocol (CBRP), which uses formation of clusters with a single cluster head. In CBRP, cluster head has the responsibility of maintaining the cluster member list, routing the packets from the cluster members and can also be a certification authority (CA) for distribution of certificates. However a single cluster head in CBRP can be a single point of failure and can also become malicious or selfish and as a result the whole system can become paralyzed. We propose a scheme and algorithm in which we distribute the cluster head service to a group of cluster heads called Council. Each Council node will have equal functionality and utilize the (k, n) threshold secret sharing scheme for performing the cluster head functionality. One of the main functionality of Council will be key distribution. A certificate will be formed by participation of at least k nodes out of n Council member. The cluster head functionality will now be able to work even when more than one (but limited to min {k, n-k+1}) cluster heads are compromised. Simulation results of our proposed algorithm for formation of such Council based clusters demonstrates that our scheme is more fault tolerant and efficient than CBRP. © 2004 IEEE.

关键词： Security of data

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