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The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc networks using directional antennas

The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc netwo...

引用

IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： H. Gossain C. Cordeiro D. Cavalcanti D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Networking Technologies Laboratory Nokia Research Center Tampere Finland

This paper addresses the issue of deafness in directional antennas for wireless ad hoc networks. Deafness is caused when a node X repeatedly attempts to communicate with node Y but is unsuccessful, because Y is presently tuned to some other antenna beam. In this paper, we first outline the different factors which contribute to such deafness in directional antennas and its significant impact on network performance. We then propose two schemes to overcome deafness scenarios which are transparent to the underlying directional MAC protocol in use. In addition, we also claim that IEEE 802.11 short retry limit (SRL) needs a special handling in directional environment because of the presence of deafness. We have done a detailed performance evaluation of our schemes with different directional MAC protocols running over switched beam antennas and the initial results are found to be very promising.

关键词： Deafness Intelligent networks Ad hoc networks Directional antennas Media Access Protocol Interference Signal to noise ratio mobile computing Computer networks distributed computing

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Broadcasting over switched single beam antennas

Broadcasting over switched single beam antennas

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IEEE International Conference on Networks

作者： T. Joshi C. Cordeiro S. Vogety Jun Yin H. Gossain D.P. Agrawal OBR Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Networking Technologies Laboratory Nokia Research Center Tampere Finland

In switched single beam directional antenna model, broadcasting is achieved by sequentially steering the antenna beam across all pre-defined directions resulting in a sweeping delay. In this paper, we study the suggested techniques to alleviate the broadcast storm problems in ad hoc networks with directional antennas, point out their shortcomings, and propose two new schemes, namely, the new enhanced directional flooding (NEDF) and the probabilistic relay broadcasting (PKB). We thoroughly compare the performance of these protocols with present directional broadcast schemes including omni directional flooding over six, twelve and eighteen antenna beam models. The results indicate that directional broadcasting provides excellent connectivity in the regions of sparse density as compared to omni directional broadcasting.

关键词： Broadcasting Directional antennas Floods Directive antennas Routing protocols Interference Delay mobile computing Computer networks distributed computing

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Mobility of a Base Station for Simultaneous Multiple Events in a Static Wireless Sensor Network

Mobility of a Base Station for Simultaneous Multiple Events ...

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IEEE National Conference on Aerospace and Electronics (NAECON)

作者： Smita Toshniwal Amit Gaur Demin Wang Dharma P. Agrawal OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing CS Department University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Energy constrained nature and unattended deployment of sensors motivates the need of special techniques for designing reliable wireless sensor networks. Recently many approaches are considering mobile sensor nodes to deal with this problem. But making all the sensors mobile involves more signaling overhead for network maintenance. It is energy efficient to move the base station which has no power limitations. Also, there are many real life applications in which event based approach is more appropriate. In this paper, we propose an adaptive scheme for a mobile base station that moves according to the occurrence of events. We propose two optimization schemes: moving the BS towards the event centroid and moving the BS towards distance based weighted centroid. Simulation results show that moving the base station adaptively significantly prolongs the network lifetime.

关键词： Base stations Wireless sensor networks Monitoring Surveillance Relays Medical services Network topology mobile agents mobile computing Computer networks

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Connectivity in multi-radio, multi-channel heterogeneous ad hoc networks

Connectivity in multi-radio, multi-channel heterogeneous ad ...

引用

IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

作者： D. Cavalcanti H. Gossain D. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Mesh Research and Development Group Motorola Inc. Maitland FL USA

Future wireless networks are expected to integrate heterogeneous devices equipped with multiple radios and different characteristics. Therefore, it is important to understand how these heterogeneous radios can affect connectivity and overall multi-hop network performance. In this paper, we study the connectivity of a heterogeneous ad hoc network. We consider two types of nodes: nodes equipped with a single communication interface with communication range r, and dual-mode (DM) nodes, equipped with two communication interfaces with two different communication ranges r and r f , respectively, where r f >r. We assume the radios in the DM nodes operate in two different channels. We provide a theoretical analysis of connectivity in a linear network and we present simulation results for the two-dimensional case that show the impact of DM nodes on connectivity, broadcast latency and robustness in static scenarios

关键词： Intelligent networks Ad hoc networks Delta modulation Analytical models Spread spectrum communication Robustness distributed computing Broadcasting Energy consumption Frequency

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Mobility and routing management for heterogeneous multi-hop wireless networks

Mobility and routing management for heterogeneous multi-hop ...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on mobile Ad-hoc and Sensor Systems, MASS 2005

作者： Xie, Bin Kumar, Anup Cavalcanti, Dave Agrawal, Dharma P. Srinivasan, S. Computer Engineering and Computer Science Dept. University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 United States Computer Information Systems University of Louisville Louisville KY 40292 United States OBR Center for Distributed Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH 45221-0030 United States

ISBN: (纸本)0780394666

This paper proposes a new Heterogeneous Multi-hop Cellular IP (MCIP) network that integrates multi-hop communication with Cellular IP. MCIP increases the coverage of the wireless network and improves the network robustness against adverse propagation phenomena by supporting communication in dead zones and areas with poor radio coverage. MCIP includes three components: location management, connection management and route reconfiguration. Location management is responsible for maintaining the location information for mobile Stations (MSs) in a local domain. Connection management establishes an initial path for data transmission and a route reconfiguration mechanism is proposed to take advantage of various multi-hop connection alternatives available based on terminal interfaces, network accessibility and topology. Our simulation results show that MCIP performs well in networks of various sizes. © 2005 IEEE.

关键词： Wireless telecommunication systems

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Route recovery mechanisms for ad hoc networks equipped with switched single beam antennas

Route recovery mechanisms for ad hoc networks equipped with ...

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Annual Symposium on Simulation

作者： T. Joshi H. Gossain C. Cordeiro D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Wireless Communications Department Philips Research USA Briarcliff Manor NY USA

In this paper we propose a novel three phase route recovery mechanism for routing over switched single beam directional antennas. We enhance the popular dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol to the underlying directional layer and include an improved broadcast mechanism to facilitate an efficient route discovery. In the event of a link failure, our optimized directional routing protocol (DRP) proceeds in three phases to recover the route to the destination: (i) antenna beam handoff (ii) local route recovery and (iii) zonal route recovery. We have compared the performance of DRP with the DSR protocol over both omnidirectional and directional antenna models in conditions of varying network mobility. Our results clearly indicate that DRP is robust to link failures even in highly mobile scenarios.

关键词： Ad hoc networks Directional antennas Routing protocols Deafness Communication switching Media Access Protocol Signal to noise ratio Network topology mobile computing distributed computing

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Channel Assignment with Route Discovery (CARD) using Cognitive Radio in Multi-channel Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks

Channel Assignment with Route Discovery (CARD) using Cogniti...

引用

IEEE Workshop on Networking Technologies for Software Defined Radio Networks (SDR)

作者： Chittabrata Ghosh Dharma P. Agrawal Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio - 45219. Email: dpa@ececs.uc.edu

For better spectrum utilization, efficient channel allocation in multi-radio wireless mesh networks has become an active research area. Our proposed CARD algorithm deals with the application of cognitive mesh routers for fixed channel assignments to mesh clients under each router's domain. The farthest channel assignment by the cognitive radio in mesh routers ensures minimum inter-router and intra-router interference. Initial fixed assignment of channels to clients supporting k-connectivity (k = 3 and 5 sub-channels) shows substantial increase with 15 concurrent transmissions when compared to 4 in case of the CCA scheme with k=3 and 3 channels to choose, i.e., a factor of almost 4. The improvement in communication delay is about a factor of 80 when compared to SC and a factor of 35 compared to CCA.

关键词： Cognitive radio Wireless mesh networks Interference Wireless LAN Communication switching Wireless application protocol Access protocols Switches Mesh networks mobile computing

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A cross-layer approach for designing directional routing protocol in MANETs

A cross-layer approach for designing directional routing pro...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： H. Gossain T. Joshi C. Cordeiro D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Wireless Communications and Networking Department Philips Research Briarcliff Manor NY USA

In this paper, we propose a directional routing protocol (DRP) for MANETs. DRP is an on-demand directional routing protocol which assumes a cross layer interaction between routing and MAC layer. The main features of DRP include an efficient route discovery mechanism, establishment and maintenance of directional routing and directional neighbor tables (DRT and DNT, respectively), and novel directional route recovery mechanisms. We have implemented DRP on top of an existing MAC protocol for directional antennas and have compared its performance with the popular dynamic source routing (DSR) protocol over both omni-directional and directional antenna models. Preliminary, simulation results are found to be very promising.

关键词： Routing protocols mobile ad hoc networks Media Access Protocol Directional antennas Intelligent networks Cross layer design Access protocols Network topology mobile computing Computer networks

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Probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighbor confirmation in mobile ad hoc networks

Probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighb...

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IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： Jae-soo Kim Qi Zhang D.P. Agrawal Department of Computer Engineering Sangju National University Sangju South Korea OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Broadcasting is a fundamental and effective data dissemination mechanism for route discovery, address resolution and many other network services in ad hoc networks. While data broadcasting has many advantages, it also causes some problems such as the broadcast storm problem, which is characterized by redundant retransmission, collision, and contention. Although many approaches have been proposed to solve them, none of them guarantees the lowest bound. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic broadcasting based on coverage area and neighbor confirmation in mobile ad hoc networks. We use the coverage area of a node to adjust the rebroadcast probability. If a mobile node is located in the area closer to sender, which means it has small additional coverage and rebroadcast from this node can reach less additional nodes, its rebroadcast probability is set lower. On the other hand, if a mobile node is located in the area far from the sender, which means that the additional coverage from this node is large, its rebroadcast probability is set higher. The coverage area can be estimated from the distance between sender and receiver and the distance can be estimated by signal strength or Global Positional System. Our approach combines the advantages of probabilistic and area based approach. Simulation results show that our approach can improve the average performance of broadcasting in various network scenarios. Our approach is simple and can be easily implemented in MANET.

关键词： Broadcasting Intelligent networks mobile ad hoc networks Computer networks distributed computing Ad hoc networks Broadcast technology Wireless communication Data engineering mobile computing

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A credit-payment scheme for packet forwarding fairness in mobile ad hoc networks

A credit-payment scheme for packet forwarding fairness in mo...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Younghwan Yoo Sanghyun Ahn D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA School of Computer Science University of Seoul Seoul South Korea

Routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have assumed that all nodes voluntarily participate in forwarding others' packets. This was a reasonable assumption because all nodes in previous MANETs belonged to a single authority. In the near future, however, a MANET may consist of nodes that belong to multiple organizations since various civilian applications are expected to appear. In this situation, mobile nodes may deliberately avoid packet forwarding to save their own energy, resulting in network partition. To make nodes volunteer in packet forwarding we suggest a payment scheme called protocol-independent fairness algorithm (PIFA). In this type of schemes, nodes need credits to transmit their own packets, and this credit can be earned by forwarding others' packets. PIFA can be utilized irrespective of the type of basic routing protocols, while previous methods are compatible only with source routing like DSR. Simulation results show that PIFA can prevent network partition and network performance degradation due to selfish nodes by inducing them to participate in forwarding packets.

关键词： Intelligent networks mobile ad hoc networks Routing protocols Sprites (computer) Carbon capture and storage mobile computing Computer networks distributed computing Computer science Partitioning algorithms

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