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Parallel cluster formation for secured communication in wireless ad hoc networks

Parallel cluster formation for secured communication in wire...

引用

IEEE International Conference on Networks

作者： V. Shah Hongmei Deng D.P. Agrawal OBR Research Distributed and Mobile Computing University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Routing protocols in wireless ad hoc network are highly insecure and prone to various attacks owing to its inherent characteristics of open medium, dynamically changing topologies and distributed cooperation between the member nodes. Having a secure routing protocol in wireless ad hoc networks appears to be a problem that is not trivial to solve. In this paper we mainly consider the vulnerabilities of cluster based routing protocol (CBRP), which uses formation of clusters with a single cluster head. In CBRP, cluster head has the responsibility of maintaining the cluster member list, routing the packets from the cluster members and can also be a certification authority (CA) for distribution of certificates. However a single cluster head in CBRP can be a single point of failure and can also become malicious or selfish and as a result the whole system can become paralyzed. We propose a scheme and algorithm in which we distribute the cluster head service to a group of cluster heads called council. Each council node will have equal functionality and utilize the (k, n) threshold secret sharing scheme for performing the cluster head functionality. One of the main functionality of council will be key distribution. A certificate will be formed by participation of at least k nodes out of n council member. The cluster head functionality will now be able to work even when more than one (but limited to min {k, n-k+1}) cluster heads are compromised. Simulation results of our proposed algorithm for formation of such council based clusters demonstrates that our scheme is more fault tolerant and efficient than CBRP.

关键词： Intelligent networks Communication system security Wireless communication Ad hoc networks Routing protocols Councils mobile ad hoc networks Network topology Clustering algorithms Fault tolerance

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Design and implementation of QoS-driven dynamic slot assignment and piconet partitioning algorithms over Bluetooth WPANs

Design and implementation of QoS-driven dynamic slot assignm...

引用

IEEE Annual Joint Conference: INFOCOM, IEEE Computer and Communications Societies

作者： C. Cordeiro S. Abhyankar D.P. Agrawal OBR Research Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Bluetooth is a promising wireless technology aiming at supporting electronic devices to be instantly interconnected into short-range ad hoc networks. The Bluetooth medium access control protocol is based on the master/slave concept wherein any communication between slave devices has to go through the master. While this model is simple, it incurs longer delay between any two slave devices due to the use of non-optimal packet forwarding scheme and the use of double the bandwidth at the master. Moreover, if more than two devices want to communicate as a group, this can only be achieved by either multiple unicast transmissions or a piconet-wide broadcast from the master. To handle these issues efficiently, we propose a novel combination of dynamic slot assignment (DSA) and piconet partitioning. With DSA, the piconet master dynamically assigns slots to slaves so as to allow them to communicate directly with each other without any intervention from the master. Such proposed communication architecture provides for quality of service (QoS) requests, admission control, and multi-device conversation by which a multicast-like communication is feasible within a piconet. To widen the scope of DSA, we propose QoS-driven enhanced DSA (EDSA) where dynamic piconet partitioning and scatternet support comes into picture. Devices are grouped in piconets according to their connection endpoints in EDSA, enabling it to be employed over a scatternet. We have performed extensive simulations and observe that these schemes drastically enhance Bluetooth performance in terms of delay and throughput, while significantly reducing network power consumption.

关键词： Algorithm design and analysis Personal area networks Partitioning algorithms Bluetooth Master-slave Quality of service Scattering Ad hoc networks Media Access Protocol Access protocols

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Impact of selfish nodes on route discovery in mobile ad hoc networks

Impact of selfish nodes on route discovery in mobile ad hoc ...

引用

IEEE Conference and Exhibition on Global Telecommunications (GLOBECOM)

作者： Qi Zhang D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

It is against our intuition that being selfish sometimes can be beneficial to both oneself and others. In a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), we show potential use of this concept by categorizing mobile hosts into normal nodes and selfish nodes. Normal nodes forward packets for other nodes while selfish nodes do not. The advantage of using selfish nodes is that the total rebroadcast traffic during flooding based route discovery can be reduced. The disadvantage, in theory, is that we may miss the optimal route and suffer from a low delivery rate. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic approach to set up a proper number of selfish nodes. Using a combination of gossiping and dominating set, we can reduce the route discovery cost by minimizing the number of rebroadcasts, while achieving higher delivery rate due to the reduction of rebroadcast traffic, thereby reducing the number of collisions. We compare our approach with AODV in terms of several metrics, including average number of rebroadcasts, average number of packet collisions, end-to-end delay, and throughput. Simulation results show that our approach outperforms the AODV protocol in most cases.

关键词： Intelligent networks mobile ad hoc networks Relays Routing protocols Costs Delay Road accidents mobile communication mobile computing Computer networks

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Analysis of leveled probabilistic routing in mobile ad hoc networks

Analysis of leveled probabilistic routing in mobile ad hoc n...

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IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： Qi Zhang D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), some mobile hosts may be outside the range of the source node. In order to deliver the message to those hosts, intermediate nodes should relay the packets for them. Due to the node mobility, we cannot have a fixed group of mobile nodes perform the task of packet relaying. In this paper we propose a routing protocol based on the preassigned probability model. In this protocol, a mobile host probabilistically sends the relay packets (rebroadcasts) according to its neighborhood information. We exploit the "HELLO" message exchanges between immediate neighbors to obtain the neighborhood information. Using this method, we can reduce routing cost by minimizing the number of rebroadcasts in route discovery period without a significant impact on the network connectivity. Moreover, the chance of contention and collision among neighboring nodes is also reduced. As a result, the overall network performance is improved, while higher goodput and lower energy consumption is achieved. Our approach categorizes mobile hosts into four groups according to their neighborhood information. For each group of nodes, we assign a specified value of rebroadcasting probability. The mobile hosts with more neighbors are given higher rebroadcasting probability, while the mobile hosts with fewer neighbors have a lower rebroadcasting probability. Analytical results show that our approach outperforms the AODV protocol.

关键词： Intelligent networks mobile ad hoc networks Relays Routing protocols mobile computing Costs Ad hoc networks Computer networks distributed computing Energy consumption

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Optimal packet size in error-prone channel for IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function

Optimal packet size in error-prone channel for IEEE 802.11 d...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Jun Yin Xiaodong Wang D.P. Agrawal OBR center for Distributed and mobile computing ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

With the popularity of the IEEE 802.11 based wireless network, it has become increasingly important to analyze the performance of the IEEE 802.11 protocol accurately. Throughput and delay are key measures, reflecting the performance of a wireless network. In this paper, we analyze the performance of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) in the saturated traffic condition, and consider the effects of packet size, the number of contention nodes, transmission collision probability and channel conditions. Under this analytical framework, we evaluate the impact of error-prone channel on unsuccessful transmission probability and its impact on the performance. A trade-off exists between the desire to reduce the ratio of overhead in the data packet by adopting larger packet size, and the need to reduce the packet error rate in the error-prone environment by using smaller packet length. An optimal packet size can be derived to maximize the throughput of the IEEE 802.11 DCF under various channel conditions and network configurations. To validate our analytical results, we have done extensive simulations, and the simulation results are observed to match very well with the analytical results.

关键词： Throughput Performance analysis Analytical models Multiaccess communication Wireless networks Wireless application protocol Error analysis Wireless LAN Computational modeling Energy efficiency

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Threshold and identity-based key management and authentication for wireless ad hoc networks

Threshold and identity-based key management and authenticati...

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International Conference on Information Technology: Coding and computing (ITCC)

作者： Hongmei Deng A. Mukherjee D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

As various applications of wireless ad hoc network have been proposed, security has become one of the big research challenges and is receiving increasing attention. In this paper, we propose a distributed key management and authentication approach by deploying the recently developed concepts of identity-based cryptography and threshold secret sharing. Without any assumption of prefixed trust relationship between nodes, the ad hoc network works in a self-organizing way to provide the key generation and key management service, which effectively solves the problem of single point of failure in the traditional public key infrastructure (PKI)-supported system. The identity-based cryptography mechanism is applied here not only to provide end-to-end authenticity and confidentiality, but also to save network bandwidth and computational power of wireless nodes.

关键词： Identity management systems Authentication mobile ad hoc networks Identity-based encryption Cryptography Ad hoc networks Computer network management Power system management Public key Bandwidth

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E/sup 2/M: a scalable explicit multicast protocol for MANETs

E/sup 2/M: a scalable explicit multicast protocol for MANETs

引用

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC)

作者： H. Gossain C. Cordeiro Kumar Anand D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In this paper, we propose a new scheme for small group multicast in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) named extended explicit multicast (E/sup 2/M), which is built on top of Xcast and introduces mechanisms to make it scalable with number of group members for a given multicast session. E/sup 2/M is based on the novel concept of dynamic selection of Xcast forwarder (XF) between a source and its potential destinations. The XF selection is carried out based on group membership and the processing overhead involved in supporting the Xcast procedure at a given node. If the number of members in a given session is small, E/sup 2/M works just like the basic Xcast scheme with no intermediate XFs. As group membership increases, the overhead involved in supporting an Xcast session also increases. Therefore, to reduce the overhead and provide scalability, in E/sup 2/M nodes may dynamically decide to become a XF. This scheme, which can work with few E/sup 2/M aware nodes in the network, provides the transparency of stateless multicast, reduces header processing overhead and makes Xcast scalable with the number of group members.

关键词： Multicast protocols mobile ad hoc networks Routing protocols Scalability Network topology Proposals mobile computing Computer networks distributed computing Wireless networks

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A multiple-beam antenna protocol at a wireless access point for exploiting spatial parallelism

A multiple-beam antenna protocol at a wireless access point ...

引用

IEEE Princeton Section Sarnoff Symposium

作者： D. Lal D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

We propose a protocol for use at a wireless access point (AP) that uses multiple beam smart antennas. Such APs can be deployed in traffic hotspots to overcome bottlenecks by enhancing capacity significantly. Our protocol is fully compatible with IEEE 802.11 in its current form, and can function with omnidirectional devices. The protocol seeks to exploit parallel packet transmission of downstream data (from the AP to the nodes), while reverting to normal 802.11 for upstream data (from a node to the AP). The performance gain expected from our protocol is proportional to the spatial resolution (number of beams) and the amount of downstream data. Typically, mobile terminals running applications download data from other servers, and hence the volume of downstream data far exceeds the upstream data. In such conditions, our protocol provides substantial gain.

关键词： Wireless application protocol Access protocols mobile antennas Internet Parallel processing mobile computing Directional antennas Timing Media Access Protocol Antennas and propagation

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Supporting MAC layer multicast in IEEE 802.11 based MANETs: issues and solutions

Supporting MAC layer multicast in IEEE 802.11 based MANETs: ...

引用

Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

作者： H. Gossain N. Nandiraju K. Anand D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In IEEE 802.11 based mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) multicast packets are generally forwarded as one hop broadcast; mainly to reach all the multicast members in the neighborhood in a single transmission. Because of the broadcast property of the forwarding, packets suffer from increased instances of the hidden terminal problem. Mobility of nodes makes things more difficult, and unlike unicast transmissions where MAC can detect the movement of a nexthop by making several retries, it is not possible in case of multicast forwarding. To address these issues, we propose a multicast aware MAC protocol (MMP) for MANET. The basic objective of MMP is to provide a MAC layer support for multicast traffic. This is done by attaching an extended multicast header (EMH) by the multicast agent, which provides the address of the nexthop nodes that are supposed to receive the multicast packet. The MAC layer in MMP uses the EMH field to support an ACK based data delivery. After sending the data packet, the transmitter waits for the ACK from each of its destinations in a strictly sequential order. A retransmission of the multicast packet is performed only if the ACK from any of the nodes in EMH is missing. We compare MMP with IEEE 802.11 and results show that MMP substantially improves the performance of multicast packet delivery in MANET without creating much MAC overhead. In addition, MMP provides a better mechanism to detect the movement of its nexthop members.

关键词： mobile ad hoc networks Broadcasting Multicast protocols Road accidents Media Access Protocol Transmitters Protection Intelligent networks mobile computing Computer networks

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The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc networks using directional antennas

The deafness problems and solutions in wireless ad hoc netwo...

引用

IEEE Globecom Workshops

作者： H. Gossain C. Cordeiro D. Cavalcanti D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA Networking Technologies Laboratory Nokia Research Center Tampere Finland

This paper addresses the issue of deafness in directional antennas for wireless ad hoc networks. Deafness is caused when a node X repeatedly attempts to communicate with node Y but is unsuccessful, because Y is presently tuned to some other antenna beam. In this paper, we first outline the different factors which contribute to such deafness in directional antennas and its significant impact on network performance. We then propose two schemes to overcome deafness scenarios which are transparent to the underlying directional MAC protocol in use. In addition, we also claim that IEEE 802.11 short retry limit (SRL) needs a special handling in directional environment because of the presence of deafness. We have done a detailed performance evaluation of our schemes with different directional MAC protocols running over switched beam antennas and the initial results are found to be very promising.

关键词： Deafness Intelligent networks Ad hoc networks Directional antennas Media Access Protocol Interference Signal to noise ratio mobile computing Computer networks distributed computing

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