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CMAC - A multi-channel energy efficient MAC for wireless sensor networks

CMAC - A multi-channel energy efficient MAC for wireless sen...

引用

IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： K.R. Chowdhury N. Nandiraju D. Cavalcanti D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati OH USA

Tins paper presents CMAC, a fully desynchronized MAC protocol that is designed to exploit the existing multi-channel support in sensor nodes. The hardware requirements of our protocol are minimal, requiring a single half-duplex transceiver and a low-power wake-up radio. CMAC takes into account the fundamental energy constraint in sensor nodes by placing them in a default sleep mode and waking them up only when necessary. As a contrast to other dual radio wake-up schemes, our protocol focuses on how communication and its preceding control message exchange mechanism can be undertaken in a multi-channel scenario without assuming a separate control channel. CMAC enables spatial channel re-use, nearly collision free communication, and addresses the deafness problem without incurring a tradeoff in fairness or latency. When compared with a recent MAC protocol SMAC, results show that CMAC obtains nearly 200% reduction in energy consumption, significantly improved throughput, and end-to-end delay values that are 50-150% better than SMAC for our simulated topologies

关键词： Energy efficiency Wireless sensor networks Media Access Protocol Radio control Communication system control Delay Tin Hardware Transceivers Deafness

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Improved Pairwise Key Establishment for Wireless Sensor Networks

Improved Pairwise Key Establishment for Wireless Sensor Netw...

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IEEE International Conference on Wireless and mobile computing, Networking And Communications (WiMob)

作者： Yi Cheng D.P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Laboratory University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Due to the resource constraints, pre-distributing secret keys into sensor nodes before they are deployed is an applicable approach to achieve information security in wireless sensor networks. Several key pre-distribution schemes have been proposed in literature to establish pairwise keys between sensor nodes; they are either too complicated, or insecure for some common attacks. To address these weaknesses, we propose an improved pairwise key establishment mechanism for wireless sensor networks in this paper. Compared with existing approaches, our scheme has better network resilience against node capture attack. Analysis and simulation results show that our scheme performs better than earlier proposed schemes in terms of network connectivity, key storage overhead, maximum supported network size, computational and communication overheads

关键词： Wireless sensor networks Cryptography Sensor phenomena and characterization Computer networks Data security Resilience Data processing Public key Authentication distributed computing

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Analytical Modeling of the Link Delay Characteristics for IEEE 802.11 DCF Multi-Rate WLANs

Analytical Modeling of the Link Delay Characteristics for IE...

引用

Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： Tarun Joshi Anindo Mukherjee Dharma P Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11 DCF has been widely studied under the assumption of a single transmission rate by all competing nodes. In practice, however, stations typically use different transmission rates. This is done to match to the changing channel conditions. Stations with poor channel conditions typically employ lower transmit rates in comparison to stations with better channel conditions. Under such scenarios, the throughput of each station becomes independent of its own transmit rate; rather it gets bounded by the slowest transmitting peer. This has been popularly classified as the performance anomaly problem. This paper provides a simple yet accurate analytical framework to study the link delay characteristics of such multi-rate networks

关键词： Analytical models Delay Throughput Peer to peer computing Counting circuits Performance analysis Monitoring Space stations Collision avoidance mobile computing

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Concurrent Packet Reception Bounds of On-Demand MAC Protocols for Multiple Beam Antennas

Concurrent Packet Reception Bounds of On-Demand MAC Protocol...

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IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC)

作者： Vivek Jain Dharma P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Multiple beam antennas can initiate several data communications concurrently by forming spatially separable beams. However, their concurrent packet reception (CPR) capability is largely governed by the underlying medium access control (MAC) protocol. In this paper, we present an analytical framework to calculate CPR upper bounds of multiple beam antennas using on-demand MAC protocols. The model can be used for adaptively changing transmission probability of the nodes so as to achieve optimal performance. We consider both transmitter-initiated and receiver initiated medium access protocols with uniform and random distribution of nodes. Using the developed model, we compute CPR capability of IEEE 802.11 DCF and ESIF based mechanisms for multiple beam antennas. We verify our model using simulations

关键词： Media Access Protocol Directional antennas Access protocols Scheduling Antenna arrays Data communication Upper bound Ad hoc networks Transmitting antennas Transmitters

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WLCp1-15: Optimal Transmission Range with Delay Constraints for mobile Wireless Networks

WLCp1-15: Optimal Transmission Range with Delay Constraints ...

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IEEE Globecom 2006

作者： Younghwan Yoo Xiaodong Wang Dharma P. Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

Assuming that all mobile nodes (MNs) have the same transmission range, the actual hop count between any two MNs is proportional to the distance between them. Based on the found relation between distance and hop count, the required hop count between two MNs can be accurately estimated, given the distance between them. Using the distribution of distance between MNs, this paper also suggests the optimal transmission range of MNs, which can guarantee delay constraints of a requested ratio of connections in an entire network.

关键词： Wireless networks mobile computing distributed computing Delay estimation mobile ad hoc networks Computer networks Computational modeling Analytical models Energy efficiency Energy consumption

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Exploiting Mobility Patterns to Reduce Re-Authentication Overheads in Infrastructure WLAN Networks

Exploiting Mobility Patterns to Reduce Re-Authentication Ove...

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Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering (CCECE)

作者： Tarun Joshi Anindo Mukherjee Dharma P Agrawal OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

The current EAP-TLS standard accounts for authentication delays of the order of one second for infrastructure 802.11 networks. This delay is clearly unacceptable for maintaining the QoS requirements for a mobile station which have frequent handoffs to different regions. Pre-authentication schemes have been proposed to reduce these delays. However, most of these schemes suffer from an increased network message overhead since they fail to appropriately model the mobility of each individual user. In this paper, we exploit the notion of predictability in user mobility patterns and propose a set of novel proactive key distribution algorithms to achieve low latencies while minimizing the message overhead. Our schemes involve pre-distributing keys in fewer necessary access points (APs) as opposed to all neighboring APs. We evaluate the performance of our schemes for three different mobility models; (i) predictable motion (ii) changing predictable motion and (iii) random motion. Almost under all scenarios, our schemes indicate up to 70% message reduction, while maintaining similar latencies

关键词： Wireless LAN Delay Authentication Probes Bandwidth mobile computing Computer networks distributed computing Predictive models mobile radio mobility management

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Impact of Heterogeneity on Coverage and Broadcast Reachability in Wireless Sensor Networks

Impact of Heterogeneity on Coverage and Broadcast Reachabili...

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International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN)

作者： Yun Wang Xiaodong Wang Dharma P. Agrawal Ali A. Minai OBR Center of Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Electrial and Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

While most existing research efforts in the area of wireless sensor networks have focused on networks with identical nodes, deploying sensors with different capabilities has become a feasible choice. In this paper, we focus on sensor networks with two types of nodes that differ in their capabilities, and discuss the effects of heterogeneity of sensing and transmission ranges on the network coverage and broadcast reachability. Our work characterizes how the introduction of a few sensor nodes with better capabilities can reduce the number of total required sensors without sacrificing the coverage and the broadcast reachability. Analytical results are validated via simulations. This work can serve as a guideline for designing large-scale sensor networks cost-effectively. It can also be extended to more complicated heterogeneous wireless sensor networks with more than two types of sensors.

关键词： Broadcasting Wireless sensor networks Sensor phenomena and characterization Quality of service Computer networks distributed computing Monitoring Surveillance Costs mobile computing

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Extracting Critical Attributes in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Modified Regression Polynomial

Extracting Critical Attributes in Wireless Sensor Networks U...

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IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control

作者： T. Banerjee D.P. Agrawal D. French OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In this paper, the spatio-temporal nature of sensor data is exploited to approximate current values of the sensors based on the observation of the same sensor in the previous period of time and the neighboring sensors' data. By applying linear regression, a polynomial can fit variation in the data over a given region for a specific period of time. Assuming attributes to have a gradual change both over time and space, readings of the neighboring sensors are highly correlated and the readings of sensors at any current period of time do not change drastically from the previous period. Based on this assumption, instead of performing the regression algorithm every time the sensed attributes change, an iterative scheme is employed by which the current values of sensors are approximated based on the previous readings. The percentage error in this approximation process is found to be less than 6%, while saving considerable amount of computational overhead. Analysis of the regression polynomial also accurately gives the location of critical points in the sensed region where minimum and maximum attribute values occur and could be very useful for sensor network applications

关键词： Intelligent networks Wireless sensor networks Polynomials Sensor phenomena and characterization Regression tree analysis mobile computing distributed computing Computer science Data mining Linear regression

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Hops-based Sleep Scheduling Algorithm for Enhancing Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Networks

Hops-based Sleep Scheduling Algorithm for Enhancing Lifetime...

引用

IEEE Internatonal Conference on mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems (MASS)

作者： Yun Wang Demin Wang Weihuang Fu Dharma P. Agrawal OBR Center of Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science University of Cincinnati Cincinnati OH USA

In this paper, we study the node sleep scheduling scheme in the commonly used static disk model for sensor networks, where homogenous sensors are uniformly distributed in a circular area with a stationary sink located at the center. Then, we introduce and analyze a hops-based sleeping scheduling algorithm (HSS) for enhancing the lifetime and energy efficiency of the sensor networks. The HSS divides the circular sensor network into several levels according to the average hop distance based on certain network parameters. By assigning hops-based sleeping probabilities to each sensor, and the network lifetime as well as energy efficiency can be greatly improved. Simulations are performed to compare our proposed HSS scheme with the traditional randomized sleeping scheduling (RSS) scheme, where all the nodes have the uniform sleeping probability. The results demonstrate that our HSS scheme can enhance network lifetime greatly, provide desired QoS requirement effectively, and drastically outperform the RSS scheme

关键词： Sleep Scheduling algorithm Wireless sensor networks Sensor phenomena and characterization Spread spectrum communication Energy efficiency Energy consumption Processor scheduling Computer science Telephony

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Channel Assignment with Route Discovery (CARD) using Cognitive Radio in Multi-channel Multi-radio Wireless Mesh Networks

Channel Assignment with Route Discovery (CARD) using Cogniti...

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IEEE Workshop on Networking Technologies for Software Defined Radio Networks (SDR)

作者： Chittabrata Ghosh Dharma P. Agrawal Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio USA OBR Center for Distributed and Mobile Computing Department of ECECS University of Cincinnati Cincinnati Ohio - 45219. Email: dpa@ececs.uc.edu

For better spectrum utilization, efficient channel allocation in multi-radio wireless mesh networks has become an active research area. Our proposed CARD algorithm deals with the application of cognitive mesh routers for fixed channel assignments to mesh clients under each router's domain. The farthest channel assignment by the cognitive radio in mesh routers ensures minimum inter-router and intra-router interference. Initial fixed assignment of channels to clients supporting k-connectivity (k = 3 and 5 sub-channels) shows substantial increase with 15 concurrent transmissions when compared to 4 in case of the CCA scheme with k=3 and 3 channels to choose, i.e., a factor of almost 4. The improvement in communication delay is about a factor of 80 when compared to SC and a factor of 35 compared to CCA.

关键词： Cognitive radio Wireless mesh networks Interference Wireless LAN Communication switching Wireless application protocol Access protocols Switches Mesh networks mobile computing

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