850-nm vertical-cavity laser diodes with copper-plated heat sinks were fabricated and tested. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with 10μm aperture diameter and 4μm of electroplated copper demonstrated a maximu...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781509053070
850-nm vertical-cavity laser diodes with copper-plated heat sinks were fabricated and tested. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with 10μm aperture diameter and 4μm of electroplated copper demonstrated a maximum -3dB modulation bandwidth of more than 16GHz and a resonance frequency of more than 11GHz at bias current of only 5.4mA, which correspond to a bias current density of only 7.5kA/cm 2 . Thus, reported devices exhibited a high -3dB modulation bandwidth squared over bias current density ratio of more than 35GHz 2 /kA/cm 2 . The displayed 7.5 kA/cm 2 bias current density is less than the 10 kA/cm 2 current density standard for reliability by 25%. Devices also demonstrate a reduced thermal resistance of 1.01 °C/mW, a threshold current of 1.1mA, a series resistance of only 60Ω, and a maximum output power density of about 1.2mW/cm 2 .
The paper presents a compact method for displaying vehicle weight distributions and utilizes this in a discussion of design “trade—offs” for military vehicles.
The paper presents a compact method for displaying vehicle weight distributions and utilizes this in a discussion of design “trade—offs” for military vehicles.
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