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20th European Conference on Computer systems, EuroSys 2025, co-located 30th ACM International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and operating systems, ASPLOS 2025

作者： Shi, Jiacheng Yu, Yang Gu, Jinyu Xia, Yubin Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China

ISBN: (纸本)9798400711961

VM-level containers provide strong isolation by running each container with its own kernel in a VM. However, they rely on virtualization hardware designed for general-purpose VMs, causing non-negligible performance overhead compared to OS-level containers. This performance gap widens dramatically in nested virtualization scenarios, where secure containers run inside a VM. This paper proposes CKI (Container Kernel Isolation), a hardware-software co-design for efficient secure containers, based on two insights. First, Protection Keys for Supervisor (PKS) facilitates constructing a new privilege level for securely collocating multiple container kernels within the host kernel, without involving non-root ring-0. Second, the general-purpose virtualization mechanisms used by secure containers provide unnecessary features that exceed the actual isolation requirements of containers, especially the two-stage address translation, which is not required for container isolation, introducing avoidable performance overhead. Thus, CKI avoids using the virtualization hardware for running container kernels and removes the unnecessary virtualization mechanism like two-stage address translation. Instead, it uses PKS to construct a new privilege level for isolating multiple container kernels, which allows more efficient cross-privilege interaction;it also uses single-stage address translation for each container while monitoring the page table updates in a lightweight way to ensure cross-container memory isolation. Our experiments on real-world applications demonstrate the efficiency of CKI, reducing the latency of memory-intensive applications by up to 72% and 47% compared with state-of-the-art hardware-assisted virtualization (HVM) and software-based virtualization (PVM), respectively. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s).

关键词： Virtualization

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Using dynamically layered definite releases for verifying the RefFS file system 24

Using dynamically layered definite releases for verifying th...

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Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Conference on operating systems Design and Implementation

作者： Mo Zou Dong Du Mingkai Dong Haibo Chen Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China and Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133403

RefFS is the first concurrent file system that guarantees both liveness and safety, backed by a machine-checkable proof. Unlike earlier concurrent file systems, RefFS provably avoids termination bugs such as livelocks and deadlocks, through the dynamically layered definite releases specification. This specification enables handling of general blocking scenarios (including ad-hoc synchronization), facilitates modular reasoning for nested blocking, and eliminates the possibility of circular *** methodology underlying the aforementioned specification is integrated into a framework called MoLi (Modular Liveness Verification). This framework helps developers verify concurrent file *** further validate the correctness of the locking scheme for the Linux Virtual File System (VFS). Remarkably, even without conducting code proofs, we uncovered a critical flaw in a recent version of the locking scheme, which may lead to deadlocks of the entire OS (confirmed by Linux maintainers). RefFS achieves better overall performance than AtomFS, a state-of-the-art, verified concurrent file system without the liveness guarantee.

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Fast and scalable in-network lock management using lock fission 24

Fast and scalable in-network lock management using lock fiss...

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Proceedings of the 18th USENIX Conference on operating systems Design and Implementation

作者： Hanze Zhang Ke Cheng Rong Chen Haibo Chen Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai AI Laboratory and MoE Key Lab of Artificial Intelligence AI Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai AI Laboratory and Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China Institute of Parallel and Distributed Systems SEIEE Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Engineering Research Center for Domain-specific Operating Systems Ministry of Education China and Key Laboratory of System Software (Chinese Academy of Sciences)

ISBN: (纸本)9781939133403

distributed lock services are extensively utilized in distributed systems to serialize concurrent accesses to shared resources. The need for fast and scalable lock services has become more pronounced with decreasing task execution times and expanding dataset scales. However, traditional lock managers, reliant on server CPUs to handle lock requests, experience significant queuing delays in lock grant latency. Advanced network hardware (e.g. programmable switches) presents an avenue to manage locks without queuing delays due to their high packet processing power. Nevertheless, their constrained memory capacity restricts the manageable lock scale, thereby limiting their effect in large-scale *** paper presents FISSLOCK, a fast and scalable distributed lock service that exploits the programmable switch to improve (tail) latency and peak throughput for millions of locks. The key idea behind FISSLOCK is the concept of lock fission, which decouples lock management into grant decision and participant maintenance. FISSLOCK leverages the programmable switch to decide lock grants synchronously and relies on servers to maintain participants (i.e., holders and waiters) asynchronously. By using the programmable switch for routing, FISSLOCK enables on-demand fine-grained lock migration, thereby reducing the lock grant and release delays. FISSLOCK carefully designs and implements grant decision procedure on the programmable switch, supporting over one million locks. Evaluation using various benchmarks and a real-world application shows the efficiency of FISSLOCK. Compared to the state-of-the-art switch-based approach (NetLock), FISSLOCK cuts up to 79.1% (from 43.0%) of median lock grant time in the microbenchmark and improves transaction throughput for TATP and TPC-C by 1.76× and 2.28×, respectively.

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Towards Machine-Generated Code for the Resolution of User Intentions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Flerlage, Justus Behnke, Ilja Kao, Odej Distributed and Operating Systems Group Technische Universität Berlin Berlin Germany

The growing capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs), prompt a reassessment of the interaction mechanisms between users and their devices. Currently, users are required to use a set of high-level applications to achieve their desired results. However, the advent of AI may signal a shift in this regard, as its capabilities have generated novel prospects for user-provided intent resolution through the deployment of model-generated code, which is tantamount to the generation of workflows comprising a multitude of interdependent steps. This development represents a significant progression in the realm of hybrid workflows, where human and artificial intelligence collaborate to address user intentions, with the former responsible for defining these intentions and the latter for implementing the solutions to address them. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of generating and executing workflows through code generation that results from prompting an LLM with a concrete user intention, such as Please send my car title to my insurance company, and a simplified application programming interface for a GUI-less operating system. We provide in-depth analysis and comparison of various user intentions, the resulting code, and its execution. The findings demonstrate a general feasibility of our approach and that the employed LLM, GPT-4o-mini, exhibits remarkable proficiency in the generation of code-oriented workflows in accordance with provided user intentions. © 2025, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Graphical user interfaces

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Multi-Source Anomaly Detection in distributed IT systems

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Bogatinovski, Jasmin Nedelkoski, Sasho Distributed Operating Systems TU Berlin Berlin Germany

The multi-source data generated by distributed systems, provide a holistic description of the system. Harnessing the joint distribution of the different modalities by a learning model can be beneficial for critical applications for maintenance of the distributed systems. One such important task is the task of anomaly detection where we are interested in detecting the deviation of the current behaviour of the system from the theoretically expected. In this work, we utilize the joint representation from the distributed traces and system log data for the task of anomaly detection in distributed systems. We demonstrate that the joint utilization of traces and logs produced better results compared to the single modality anomaly detection methods. Furthermore, we formalize a learning task - next template prediction NTP, that is used as a generalization for anomaly detection for both logs and distributed trace. Finally, we demonstrate that this formalization allows for the learning of template embedding for both the traces and logs. The joint embeddings can be reused in other applications as good initialization for spans and logs. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anomaly detection

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Evolving an operating system for the Web

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COMPUTER 1996年第9期29卷 90-92页

作者： Reynolds, FD Research and Development Laboratory His research interests include operating systems Networking and Distributed Systems

Considering the drive to standardize operating system technology and thefrantic pace of innovative application development on the Internet and World Wide Web, what is leftfor OS developers to do? The paper discusses s... 详细信息

关键词： operating systems Protocols Resource management Application software Java Technological innovation Safety File systems Streaming media

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An adaptive TDMA based MAC protocol for mobile wireless sensor networks

An adaptive TDMA based MAC protocol for mobile wireless sens...

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2007 International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, SENSORCOMM 2007

作者： Mank, Stephan Karnapke, Reinhardt Nolte, Joerg Distributed Systems Operating Systems BTU Cottbus Cottbus Germany

ISBN: (纸本)0769529887

Radio transceivers for wireless sensor networks are typically cheap devices offering low bandwidth communication only. When physical events in the real world trigger spontaneous communication in many nodes the single communication channel is under heavy load and many messages are lost due to collisions. CSMA/CA schemes are well suited to spontaneous communication, but do not provide a high channel utilization under heavy load. TDMA protocols have some conceptual advantage here, but in the case of mobile sensor nodes they need to be adaptive and establish TDMA schedules on demand. MLMAC is a novel TDMA based MAC protocol that can react on changing radio neighborhoods in mobile networks. In this paper we introduce the MLMAC protocol and present the results of real experiments with a group of mobile sensor nodes based on RCX robots. © 2007 IEEE.

关键词： Time division multiple access

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Using emulation software to predict the performance of algorithms on NVRAM 14

Using emulation software to predict the performance of algor...

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7th International Conference on Simulation Tools and Techniques, SIMUTools 2014

作者： Traue, Jana Nolte, Jörg Engel, Philipp Karnapke, Reinhardt Distributed Systems Operating Systems Group BTU Cottbus - Senftenberg Cottbus Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781631900075

Currently, new storage technologies which unite the latency and byte-addressability of DRAM with the persistence of disks are being developed. This non-volatile memory (NVRAM) may start a software revolution. Traditionally, software was developed for two levels of storage and NVRAM reduces the hierarchy to a single-level store. Current research projects are already exploring the potential of NVRAM, but they face a challenge when they want to evaluate the performance: The new hardware is not yet available. In this paper, we discuss why benchmark results which are gained on existing DRAM are insufficient for a prediction of the performance on NVRAM. Either existing instructions have to be changed or new ones have to be introduced. We further show that the bochs emulator can be used to build systems which resemble NVRAM, to predict the NVRAM's consequences, and it even allows a comparison of algorithms for NVRAM. Copyright © 2014 ICST.

关键词： Dynamic random access storage

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Link stability in a wireless sensor network - An experimental study

Link stability in a wireless sensor network - An experimenta...

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3rd International ICST Conference on Sensor systems and Software, S-Cube 2012

作者： Lohs, Stefan Karnapke, Reinhardt Nolte, Jörg Distributed Systems/ Operating Systems Group Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642327773

Most routing protocols proposed for wireless sensor networks are based on the standard approach also used in many other types of networks, e.g. MANETS, even though the conditions are drastically different. To evaluate the usefulness of reactive routing protocols based on route discovery by flooding of route request messages it is necessary to understand the nature of the underlying wireless communication links. In this work we present the results of connectivity measurements conducted with current sensor node hardware, taking special interest in the number of unidirectional links present and the frequency of link changes. © 2012 ICST Institute for Computer Science, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering.

关键词： Sensor nodes

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Online device-level energy accounting for wireless sensor nodes 13

Online device-level energy accounting for wireless sensor no...

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10th European Conference on Wireless Sensor Networks, EWSN 2013

作者： Sieber, André Nolte, Jörg Distributed Systems/Operating Systems Group Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783642366710

Energy is the crucial factor for the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. Nonlinear battery effects and nonuniform workload distribution can lead to early node failures. This makes it necessary to manage energy consumption. But to manage energy it is essential to know how much energy is spent by the system. Additionally, for a more fine-grained management it is necessary, to know where the energy is spent. This can be a complicated task, since nodes are not identical due to device variations and the consumption can change over time. In this paper we present an online energy accounting approach which focuses on simplicity instead on fine granularity and timing accuracy. We argue that the efficacy of an energy accounting model depends more on the input consumption data than on exact timing, especially when the real consumption varies between nodes and in time. Results show that this approach is capable of correctly accounting the energy that nodes spend in scenarios with deviating environment conditions. © Springer-Verlag 2013.

关键词： Embedded systems

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