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12th IEEE International Conference on Emerging Technologies and Factory Automation (ETFA 2007), vol.3

作者： Maik Kruger Reinhardt Karnapke Jorg Nolte Distributed Systems/Operating Systems group BTU Cottbus Germany

COCOS (COordinated COmmunicating Sensors) is a lean middleware platform for wireless sensor networks. The major programming abstractions of Cocos are distributed sensor spaces. All objects in such a space can be collectively addressed. This way, high-level data-parallel programming concepts such as global reductions are possible. This paper introduces the spaces of Cocos and describes their usage.

关键词： Sensor phenomena and characterization Wireless sensor networks Chemical sensors Computer networks Temperature sensors Robustness Intelligent sensors Robot sensing systems Chemical hazards Data analysis

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An Adaptive TDMA based MAC Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sensor Networks

An Adaptive TDMA based MAC Protocol for Mobile Wireless Sens...

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International Conference on Sensor Technologies and Applications, SensorComm

作者： Stephan Mank Reinhardt Karnapke Joerg Nolte Distributed Systems Operating Systems BTU Cottbus Cottbus Germany

Radio transceivers for wireless sensor networks are typically cheap devices offering low bandwidth communication only. When physical events in the real world trigger spontaneous communication in many nodes the single communication channel is under heavy load and many messages are lost due to collisions. CSMA/CA schemes are well suited to spontaneous communication, but do not provide a high channel utilization under heavy load. TDMA protocols have some conceptual advantage here, but in the case of mobile sensor nodes they need to be adaptive and establish TDMA schedules on demand. MLMAC is a novel TDMA based MAC protocol that can react on changing radio neighborhoods in mobile networks. In this paper we introduce the MLMAC protocol and present the results of real experiments with a group of mobile sensor nodes based on RCX robots.

关键词： Time division multiple access Media Access Protocol Wireless application protocol Wireless sensor networks Mobile communication Radio transceivers Bandwidth Communication channels Multiaccess communication Mobile robots

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I4Copter: An adaptable and modular quadrotor platform 11

I4Copter: An adaptable and modular quadrotor platform

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Proceedings of the 2011 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing

作者： Ulbrich, Peter Kapitza, Rüdiger Harkort, Christian Schmid, Reiner Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang Department of Distributed Systems and Operating Systems Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany Department of Automation Control Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg Germany Siemens Corporate Technology Munich Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9781450301138

Quadrotor helicopters are micro air vehicles with vertical take-off and landing capabilities controlled by varying the rotation speed of four fixed pitch propellers. Due to their rather simple mechanical design they have grown to popularity as platform for various research projects. Despite most of them being individually highly successful, they are typically tailored to a specific purpose making it hard to utilise them for further research and education. In this paper, we present the novel design of the I4Copter quadrotor. It has been developed to provide a stable demonstration quadrotor platform for various kinds of research and education projects targeting cross-field challenges in real-time and embedded systems, distributed systems, robotics and cybernetics. The modular and open architecture of our platform allows an application- specific, fine-grained extension, adaption and replacement of software and hardware components. The safe extensibility is supported by strict temporal and spatial isolation between the software modules. We validated our approach by two distinct cross-field use cases: an evaluation platform for modularised control algorithms enabling trajectory tracking and an implementation that is resilient to transient hardware errors. © 2011 ACM.

关键词： Embedded systems

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An OSEK/VDX-based MULTI-JVM for automotive appliances

IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology

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IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology 2006年 231卷 85-96页

作者： Wawersich, Christian Stilkerich, Michael Schröder-Preikschat, Wolfgang University of Erlangen-Nuremberg Distributed Systems and Operating Systems Erlangen Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9780387722573

The automotive industry has recent ambitions to integrate multiple applications from different micro controllers on a single, more powerful micro controller. The outcome of this integration process is the loss of the physical isolation and a more complex monolithic software. Memory protection mechanisms need to be provided that allow for a safe co-existence of heterogeneous software from different vendors on the same hardware, in order to prevent the spreading of an error to the other applications on the controller and leaving an unclear responsibility situation. With our prototype system KESO, we present a Java-based solution for robust and safe embedded real-time systems that does not require any hardware protection mechanisms. Based on an OSEK/VDX operating system, we offer a familiar system creation process to developers of embedded software and also provide the key benefits of Java to the embedded world. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first Multi-JVM for OSEK/VDX operating systems. We report on our experiences in integrating Java and an embedded operating system with focus on the footprint and the real-time capabilities of the system. © 2006, Springer New York LLC.

关键词： Automotive industry

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A top-down approach for realtime industrial-Ethernet networks using edge-colouring of conflict-multigraphs

A top-down approach for realtime industrial-Ethernet network...

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International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, SPEEDAM

作者： F. Dopatka R. Wismuller Institute of Operating Systems and Distributed Systems University of Siegen Siegen Germany

This paper presents a top-down approach to design switched Ethernet networks based upon tree topologies for realtime automation systems. The approach considers each port of a switch as an exclusive networking resource and thus permits concurrent communication over different ports. We firstly focus on a class of special cases with unitary packet-sizes and transmission of each request in every production cycle-time. We point out that an off-line schedule can be generated independently for each switch with half-duplex connections. With the networking infrastructure and communication requirements as inputs, we present a scheduling method, which is based on the creation of a conflict-multigraph for each switch. The schedules are then realized by using a greedy edge-coloring. We also present first results of the coloring-process. Finally, we discuss various ways to implement the computed schedules with their assets and drawbacks

关键词： Switches Automation Communication switching Ethernet networks Broadcasting Delay effects Jitter Packet switching Job shop scheduling Unicast

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Demo: B.A.T.M.A.N. Mesh Routing on Ultra Low-Power IEEE 802.11 Modules

Demo: B.A.T.M.A.N. Mesh Routing on Ultra Low-Power IEEE 802....

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Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

作者： Randolf Rotta Navya Sneha Chatharajupalli Billy Naumann Julius Schulz Reinhardt Karnapke Matthias Werner Jörg Nolte Chair of Distributed Systems/Operating Systems BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Operating Systems Group TU Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350388008

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388015

When implementing multi-hop mesh network protocols, efficient direct communication, route discovery, and route repair are crucial to achieve high network throughput. To our knowledge, there is no open mesh routing protocol available for ultra low power IEEE 802.11 modules. Previous work relied on single board computers like Raspberry Pi. We implemented the B.A.T.M.A.N. mesh protocol on the popular Espressif ESP32 along with a novel hybrid rate adaptation for the selection of efficient routes. In this demo we showcase challenges and solutions related to the implementation on ESP32 and how the hybrid rate adaptation improves end-to-end throughput.

关键词： Mesh networks Power demand Costs Low power electronics Spread spectrum communication Maintenance engineering Throughput

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B.A.T.M.A.N. Mesh Networking on ESP32’s 802.11

B.A.T.M.A.N. Mesh Networking on ESP32’s 802.11

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Conference on Local Computer Networks (LCN)

作者： Randolf Rotta Julius Schulz Billy Naumann Navya Sneha Chatharajupalli Jörg Nolte Matthias Werner Chair of Distributed Systems/Operating Systems BTU Cottbus-Senftenberg Germany Operating Systems Group TU Chemnitz Germany

ISBN: (数字)9798350388008

ISBN: (纸本)9798350388015

Mesh routing protocols are widely used in IoT and sensor networks. In recent years, the ESP32 Wi-Fi/BLE SoC became popular for prototyping IoT applications. However, the existing mesh networks for this platform lack efficient node to node communication, fast route discovery and repair, and energy efficiency. This paper addresses the formation of IEEE 802.11 based ad-hoc mesh networks without the delays inflicted by the Station to Access Point association protocol. We implemented the B.A.T.M.A.N. protocol on top of the ESP32 Wi-Fi MAC interface and integrated it into the LwIP network stack. The performance evaluation with respect to UDP/IP and TCP/IP end-to-end throughput shows the general usefulness but also identifies bottlenecks caused by limitations of the existing MAC interface. Overall, this opens an interesting opportunity for research on mesh protocols by providing a simpler platform than full featured Wi-Fi routers; and for wireless IoT applications by providing higher throughput than subGHz and BLE technologies.

关键词： Wireless communication Performance evaluation Mesh networks Wireless sensor networks TCPIP Throughput Routing protocols

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Optimizing Convergence for Iterative Learning of ARIMA for Stationary Time Series

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Styp-Rekowski, Kevin Schmidt, Florian Kao, Odej Distributed and Operating Systems TU Berlin Berlin Germany

Forecasting of time series in continuous systems becomes an increasingly relevant task due to recent developments in IoT and 5G. The popular forecasting model ARIMA is applied to a large variety of applications for decades. An online variant of ARIMA applies the Online Newton Step in order to learn the underlying process of the time series. This optimization method has pitfalls concerning the computational complexity and convergence. Thus, this work focuses on the computational less expensive Online Gradient Descent optimization method, which became popular for learning of neural networks in recent years. For the iterative training of such models, we propose a new approach combining different Online Gradient Descent learners (such as Adam, AMSGrad, Adagrad, Nesterov) to achieve fast convergence. The evaluation on synthetic data and experimental datasets show that the proposed approach outperforms the existing methods resulting in an overall lower prediction error. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Gradient methods

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A practical analysis of rust's concurrency story

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Saligrama, Aditya Shen, Andrew Gjengset, Jon MIT PRIMES Parallel and Distributed Operating Systems MIT

Correct concurrent programs are difficult to write;when multiple threads mutate shared data, they may lose writes, corrupt data, or produce erratic program behavior. While many of the data-race issues with concurrency can be avoided by the placing of locks throughout the code, these often serialize program execution, and can significantly slow down performance-critical applications. Programmers also make mistakes, and often forget locks in less-executed code paths, which leads to programs that misbehave only in rare situations. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Locks (fasteners)

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Fault-Tolerant Replication Based on Fragmented Objects

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics) 2006年 4025卷 256-271页

作者： Reiser, Hans P. Kapitza, Rüdiger Domaschka, Jörg Hauck, Franz J Distributed Systems Lab University of Ulm Germany Department of Distributed Systems and Operating Systems University of Erlangen-Nürnberg Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540351264

This paper describes a novel approach to fault-tolerance in distributed object-based systems. It uses the fragmented-object model to integrate replication mechanisms into distributed applications. This approach enables the use of customised code on a per-object basis to access replica groups and to manage consistency. The addition of fault tolerance to the infrastructure has only little overhead, is fully transparent for clients, and does not require internal modifications to the existing middleware. Semantic annotations at the interface level allow the developer to customise the provision of fault tolerance. Operations can be marked as read-only to allow an execution with weaker ordering semantics or as parallelisable to allow true multithreaded execution. A code-generation tool is provided to automatically produce object-specific fragment code for client access and for replica consistency management, taking into account the annotations, the interface specification, and the non-replicated implementation. A further contribution of our code-generation approach is the support of deterministic multithreading in replicated objects. © IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2006.

关键词： Fault tolerance

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