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Incremental changes in the workforce to accommodate changes in demand

Health Care Management Science 2006年第1期9卷 71-85页

作者： Bard, Jonathan F. Purnomo, Hadi W. Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering 1 University Station C2200 University of Texas Austin TX 78712-0292 United States American Airlines AMR Corp Headquarter HDQ1 Mail Drop 5358 Fort Worth TX 76155 United States

In many service organizations, rosters must be constructed weekly or monthly as demand and available personnel change. Once the permanent workforce is fixed, it may not be possible to alter its composition easily, implying that expensive contract labor may be the only option to cover shortages. With respect to nursing resources, this means calling in part-timers, casuals, or agency nurses on a daily basis, or hiring travelers for up to several months at a time. This paper addresses the latter option and presents two models that can be used to solve what we call the nurse addition problem. The first was originally developed to solve the midterm preference scheduling problem and is based on a pattern-view formulation. The second is derived from a shift-view formulation and is solved with a branch-and-price algorithm. In either case, the objective is to hire up to some predetermined number of nurses and assign them midterm schedules that minimize the maximum amount of uncovered shifts per day in the planning horizon. Each roster selected for a new nurse must satisfy a set of hard constraints related to the total working hours, workstretches, time between shifts, and weekend requirements, and a set of soft constraints related to days-on and days-off patterns and transitions from one shift type to another. Extensive testing with data provided by a 400-bed hospital indicated that most instances could be solved in a matter of minutes. © Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. 2006.

关键词： Branch and price Computational complexity Integer programming Rotational scheduling Workforce planning

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Journal of Scheduling: Editorial

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Journal of Scheduling 2006年第3期9卷 199-201页

作者： Bard, Jonathan F. Barnhart, Cynthia Graduate Program in Operations Research 1 University Station C2200 University of Texas Austin TX 78712 United States Civil and Environmental Engineering and Engineering Systems Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 United States

No abstract available

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Short-term nurse scheduling in response to daily fluctuations in supply and demand

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Health Care Management Science 2005年第4期8卷 315-324页

作者： Bard, Jonathan F. Purnomo, Hadi W. Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering 1 University Station C2200 University of Texas Austin TX 78712-0292 United States

Hourly changes in patient census and acuity require hospitals to update their staffing needs on a continuing basis. This paper discusses the problem that management faces several times a day as the demand for nursing services departs from the planned schedule. Prior to the start of each shift, the number of nurses who are scheduled to be on duty over the next 24 hours is compared with the number actually available, and if shortages exist a series of decisions have to be made to ensure that each unit in the hospital has sufficient coverage. These decisions involve the use of overtime, outside nurses, and floaters. To address this problem, we have developed an integer programming model that takes the current set of rosters for regular and pool nurses and the expected demand for the upcoming 24 hours as input, and produces a revised schedule that makes the most efficient use of the available resources. The model is formulated and solved at a hospital-wide level rather than for each unit separately. To determine its applicability, a representative set of scenarios was investigated using data obtained from a medium-size facility in the U.S. with 14 units. The results indicate that problem instances with up to 120 nurses can be solved in a negligible amount of time. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc.

关键词： Daily adjustments Integer programming Nurse scheduling Overtime Shifts

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Operational models and methods for risk informed nuclear asset management

Operational models and methods for risk informed nuclear ass...

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American Nuclear Society International Topical Meeting on Probabilistic Safety Analysis, PSA 05

作者： Galenko, Alexander Morton, David Popova, Elmira Grantom, Rick Kee, Ernie Richards, Drew Sun, Alice Graduate Program in Operations Research Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 United States South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company Risk Management Department P.O. Box 289 Wadsworth TX 77483 United States

ISBN: (纸本)089448690X

We optimize replacement time for a system that fails according to an increasing failure-rate distribution. The problem has a finite horizon, and our goal is to minimize expected total maintenance cost. The associated objective function is piece-wise convex but discontinuous, and we develop an algorithm to optimize replacement time. We illustrate our approach on a real problem from the South Texas Project Nuclear Operating Company in Bay City, Texas, USA.

关键词： Risk assessment

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A TWO-PHASE APPROACH TO FUZZY SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

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Systems Science and Systems engineering 2003年第4期12卷 408-423页

作者： Ta-Wei HUNG Shu-Cherng FANG Henry L.W.NUTTLE Department of Information Management Shih Chien University Taipei Taiwan 10497 ChinaGraduate Program in Operations Research and Department of Industrial Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-7906 U.S.A.Graduate Program in Operations Research and Department of Industrial Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27695-7906 U.S.A.

A two-phase approach to fuzzy system identification is proposed. The first phase produces a baseline design to identify a prototype fuzzy system for a target system from a collection of input-output data pairs. It uses two easily implemented clustering techniques: the subtractive clustering method and the fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering algorithm. The second phase (fine tuning) is executed to adjust the parameters identified in the baseline design. This phase uses the steepest descent and recursive least-squares estimation methods. The proposed approach is validated by applying it to both a function approximation type of problem and a classification type of problem. An analysis of the learning behavior of the proposed approach for the two test problems is conducted for further confirmation.

关键词： Fuzzy inference systems fuzzy system models fuzzy clustering learning

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Adaptive feature selection for hyperspectral data analysis using a binary hierarchical classifier and tabu search

Adaptive feature selection for hyperspectral data analysis u...

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IEEE International Symposium on Geoscience and Remote Sensing (IGARSS)

作者： D. Korycinski M. Crawford J.W. Barnes J. Ghosh Center for Space Research University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Texas Austin Austin TX USA

High dimensional inputs coupled with scarcity of labeled data are among the greatest challenges for classification of hyperspectral data. These problems are exacerbated if the number of classes is large. High dimensional output classes can often be handled effectively by decomposition into multiple two-(meta)class problems, where each sub-problem is solved using a suitable binary classifier, and outputs of this collection of classifiers are combined in a suitable manner to obtain the answer to the original multi-class problem. This approach is taken by the binary hierarchical classifier (BHC). The advantages of the BHC for output decomposition can be further exploited for hyperspectral data analysis by integrating a feature selection methodology with the classifier. Building upon the previously developed best bases BHC algorithm with greedy feature selection, a new method is developed that selects a subset of band groups within metaclasses using reactive tabu search. Experimental results obtained from analysis of Hyperion data acquired over the Okavango Delta in Botswana are superior to those of the greedy feature selection approach and more robust than either the original BHC or the BHC with greedy feature selection.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging Data analysis Tree data structures Training data Feature extraction operations research Industrial engineering Robustness Parameter estimation Computational complexity

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ASAP2: an improved batch means procedure for simulation output analysis

ASAP2: an improved batch means procedure for simulation outp...

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Simulation Winter Conference

作者： N.M. Steiger E.K. Lada J.R. Wilson C. Alexopoulos D. Goldsman F. Zouaoui Maine Business School University of Maine Orono ME USA School of Industrial & Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA USA Graduate Program in Operations Research Department of Industrial Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA Research Group Sabre Inc. Southlake TX USA

We introduce ASAP2, an improved variant of the batch-means algorithm ASAP for steady-state simulation output analysis. ASAP2 operates as follows: the batch size is progressively increased until the batch means pass the Shapiro-Wilk test for multivariate normality; and then ASAP2 delivers a correlation-adjusted confidence interval. The latter adjustment is based on an inverted Cornish-Fisher expansion for the classical batch means t-ratio, where the terms of the expansion are estimated via a first-order autoregressive time series model of the batch means. ASAP2 is a sequential procedure designed to deliver a confidence interval that satisfies a prespecified absolute or relative precision requirement. When used in this way, ASAP2 compares favorably to ASAP and the well-known procedures ABATCH and LBATCH with respect to close conformance to the precision requirement as well as coverage probability and mean and variance of the half-length of the final confidence interval.

关键词： Analytical models Modeling Steady-state operations research Industrial engineering Systems engineering and theory Algorithm design and analysis Testing Liver Discrete event simulation

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Survey of reduced workload and crewing strategies for ocean patrol vessels

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2001年第2期113卷 29-44页

作者： Baker, C Krull, R Snyder, G Lincoln, W Malone, TB Clifford C. Baker CIE CHFEP is a senior staff scientist at Carlow International Incorporated. He has applied most of his 24 years of experience in the application of human engineering technology to maritime systems. Mr. Baker has directed much of Carlow's efforts to reduce ship workload and to improve human performance and maritime safety through application of human factors methods and data. He is a Certified Industrial Ergonomist (CIE) as well as a Certified Human Factors Engineering Professional (CHFEP). Both certifications were granted by Oxford Research where Mr. Baker also serves as an Advisory Board member. Russell D. Krull P.E. is a senior engineer with A&T/Proteus Engineering with more than 18 years of experi-ence in marine engineering naval architecture and program management including 16 years of active duty in the U.S. Coast Guard. Recent experience includes advanced ship design studies engineering software development technical support for the USMC Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle propulsion systems analyses ship structural engineering and cargo handling systems engineering. Mr. Krull has an M.S.E. in naval architecture and marine engineering and an M.S.E. in industrial and operations engineering from University of Michigan and a B.S. in ocean engineering from the U.S. Coast Guard Academy. Capt. Glenn L. Snyder USCG. Regrettably since this paper was originally written Capt. Snyder has passed away. At the time of his death he was an operations specialist assigned to the Coast Guard's Deepwater Capabilities Replacement Project as Chief of Human Systems Integration. He served as commanding officer of the patrol boat Cape George (WPB-95306) the icebreaking tug Biscayne Bay (WTGB-104) and the cutter Legare (WMEC-911). A 1975 graduate of the U.S. Coast Guard Academy Capt. Snyder held an M.A. in national security and strategic studies from the U.S. Naval War College and an M.A. in international relations from Salve Regina College. In addition he was a 1998 fellow of the Foreign Service

The U.S. Coast Guard is in the concept exploration phase of its Integrated Deepwater System (IDS) acquisition project. This project will define the next generation of surface, air and command, control, communications, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (C4ISR) assets used to perform the Coast Guard's missions in the IDS environment (>50 NM off the U. S. coastline). As part of early technology investigations, the needs exist to: (1) analyze the workload requirements of the IDS, (2) identify alternative means to perform ship's work, and (3) optimize ship manning consistent with ship workload, performance criteria, and the available tools and equipment aboard. To reduce shipboard work requires an understanding of the mission and support requirements placed on the vessel and crew, how these requirements are currently met, and how requirements might otherwise be met to reduce workload and crew size. This study examined currently implemented workload and manpower reducing approaches of commercial maritime fleets, U.S. and foreign navies, and foreign coastguards. These approaches were analyzed according to evaluation criteria approved by the IDS acquisition project team. From this, strategies for shipboard work reduction that may be considered for adoption by the IDS were identified and analyzed according to performance and costs factors. Ten workload-reducing strategies were identified: damage control, bridge, multiple crewing, engineering, risk acceptance, modularity, deck, enabling technologies, ship/personnel readiness, and operability and maintainability.

关键词： Naval vessels

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Bayesian maintenance policies during a warranty period

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Communications in Statistics. Part C: Stochastic Models 2000年第1期16卷 121-142页

作者： Chen, Ta-Mou Popova, Elmira i2 Technologies Irving TX 75039 United States Graduate Program in Operations Research and Industrial Engineering Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Texas at Austin Austin TX 78712 United States

Most of the brand new items are released on the market with a certain type of warranty. A fixed length warranty period is assumed in this paper. A set of maintenance policies which consist of minimal repair and preventive maintenance is analyzed for the case of known and unknown failure parameters of the item's lifetime distribution. For the second case, two types of Bayesian policies are considered. An extensive simulation study comparing the performance of these maintenance policies is performed. Copyright © 2000 by Marcel Dekker, Inc.

关键词： Bayesian analysis Maintenance Stochastic failures Warranty

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Analyzing transformation-based simulation metamodels

Analyzing transformation-based simulation metamodels

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Simulation Winter Conference

作者： M.A. Irizarry M.E. Kuhl E.K. Lada S. Subramanian J.R. Wilson Dept. of Ind. Eng. Puerto Rico Univ. Mayaguez Puerto Rico Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering Louisiana State University Baton Rouge LA USA Graduate Program in Operations Research Integrated Manufacturing Systems Engineering Institute Department of Industrial Engineering North Carolina State University Raleigh NC USA

We present a technique for analyzing a simulation metamodel that has been constructed using a variance-stabilizing transformation. To compute a valid confidence interval for the expected value of the original simulation response at a selected factor-level combination (design point), we first compute the corresponding confidence interval for the transformed response at that factor-level combination and then untransform the endpoints of the resulting confidence interval. Taking the midpoint of the untransformed confidence interval as our point estimator of the expected simulation response at the selected factor-level combination and approximating the variance of this point estimator via the delta method, we formulate an approximate two-sample student t-test for validating our metamodel-based estimator versus the results of making independent runs of the simulation at the selected factor-level combination. We illustrate this technique in a case study involving the design of a manufacturing cell, and we compare our results with those of a more conventional approach to analyzing transformed-based simulation metamodels. A Monte Carlo performance evaluation shows that significantly better confidence-interval coverage is maintained with the proposed procedure over a wide range of values for the residual variance of the transformed metamodel.

关键词： Analytical models Computational modeling Virtual manufacturing Industrial engineering Systems engineering and theory Design optimization Printed circuits Cost function Preventive maintenance Manufacturing industries

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