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International Colloquium on Signal Processing & Its Applications, CSPA

作者： Aziean Mohd Azize Nurul Syahira Mohamad Zamani Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki Haliza Abdul Mutalib Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia Optometry and Vision Science Programme Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Selangor Malaysia

ISBN: (数字)9798331522193

ISBN: (纸本)9798331522209

The accurate segmentation of anterior chamber illumination in slit lamp images is crucial for calculating the anterior chamber angle (ACA), a vital parameter in diagnosing glaucoma and other anterior segment disorders. However, segmentation is complicated by challenges such as specular reflections, non-uniform illumination, and inconsistent image quality. This study evaluates and compares the performance of conventional image processing methods, specifically Otsu’ s multi-thresholding, and a deep learning-based UN et architecture for semantic segmentation. A robust preprocessing pipeline was developed to address artifacts and enhance vertical beam segmentation accuracy for peripheral ACA measurement on mobile slit lamp images. Experimental results demonstrate that Otsu's multi-thresholding achieves more refined vertical beam with a sensitivity of 0.8565, IoU of 0.6260, and DSC of 0.7603, outperforming the UNet-based approach (sensitivity: 0.8161, IoU: 0.5432, DSC: 0.6915). This finding highlights the advantages and limitations of both approaches, with optimized preprocessing playing a key role in improving ACA measurement. This research provides insights into the practical integration of segmentation techniques into clinical workflows, bridging the gap between advanced computational methods and their real-world application in ophthalmology.

关键词： Glaucoma Deep learning Sensitivity Semantic segmentation Digital images Computational modeling Lighting Reflection Data models Ophthalmology

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Assessment of binocular vision and accommodation in myopic children wearing defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses for 24 months

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Journal of optometry 2025年第3期18卷 100558-100558页

作者： Yahaya, Nur Adibah Mohd-Ali, Bariah Norazman, Fatin Nur Najwa Syed Mohd Dardin, Syarifah Faiza Mohamad Shahimin, Mizhanim Mohamad Fadzil, Norliza Optometry and Vision Science Programme Center for Community Health Studies (ReaCH) Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz Kuala Lumpur 50300 Malaysia Optometry and Vision Science Programme Centre for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Study (iCaRehab) Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz Kuala Lumpur 50300 Malaysia

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the changes in binocular vision (BV) and accommodation in Malay myopic children following long-term wear of Defocus Incorporated Multiple Segments (DIMS) spectacle lenses for 24 months. Methods: Twenty-three Malay myopic children aged 7–12 years were enrolled in this prospective, self-controlled study. DIMS spectacle lenses were prescribed, and analyses were conducted at baseline, 12, and 24 months. Assessments included stereopsis, near point of convergence (NPC), phoria, positive/negative fusional vergence (PFV/NFV), amplitude of accommodation (AA), accommodative lag, positive/negative relative accommodation (PRA/NRA), and accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) ratio. Visual acuity (VA), cycloplegic refraction (SER) and axial length (AL) were monitored. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) within-subject or the Friedman test, with Bonferroni correction applied. p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Statistically significant changes were observed after 24 months, including median changes in NPC (receded by 2 cm, p < 0.001), AA (reduced by 1.67D, p = 0.002), distance PFV break (increased by 8Δ, p = 0.026) and recovery (increased by 6Δ, p = 0.033), distance NFV break (no change, p = 0.043), stereopsis (improved by 10″, p < 0.001), accommodative lag (reduced by 0.25D, p = 0.002), and AC/A ratio (increased by 1Δ/D, p < 0.001). Additionally, distance and near VA improved (p < 0.001), while SER and AL increased (p < 0.001). Conclusion: : Wearing DIMS spectacle lenses for 24 months resulted in changes in BV and accommodation while slowing myopia progression. Regular NPC monitoring is recommended to maintain optimal BV function and visual comfort in children wearing DIMS lenses. © 2025 The Author(s)

关键词： accommodation binocular vision Defocus incorporated multiple segments (DIMS) lens long-term wear Myopia progression

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Smartphone use patterns and the impact on accommodation and convergence system of the eyes among Malaysian teenagers

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第11期17卷 2093-2099页

作者： Thilageswary Chellapan Norlaila Mat Daud Sumithira Narayanasamy Programme of Optometry and Vision Science Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaJalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz 50300Kuala LumpurMalaysia

AIM:To determine the smartphone use patterns and effects of smartphone use on accommodation and convergence system of the eyes among Malaysian ***:A total of 62 participants aged between 13 and 17y were involved.A self-administered questionnaires containing 12 items was used to evaluate the smartphone usage *** was followed by an eye examination,involving a battery of accommodation and convergence assessments before and after the smartphone *** data analysis comprised descriptive statistics,paired t-test,and correlation ***:The use of smartphones is at a high level and at an optimal distance daily,with more than 6h a day watching video films,games,and completing school *** of the participants not reported eye strain factors and eye prescription changes with the use of digital *** use of a smartphone continuously for 30min was found to significantly decrease amplitude of accommodation,accommodative facility,and positive relative accommodation(P<0.001).Meanwhile,the lag of accommodation parameters and negative relative accommodation increased with the use of smartphones significantly(P<0.001).The near point of convergence(NPC)and distance and near negative fusional vergence decreased significantly(P<0.001).The NPC parameter was found to have a weak negative association with the frequency of smartphone use(R=-0.276,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:Frequent and continuous use of smartphones have increased visual stress and resulted in weakness of accommodation and vergence ***,frequent break is mandatory when using a smartphone and appropriate visual hygiene,the 20-20-20 rule(every 20min,view something 20 feet away for 20s)are required during smartphone use to maintain visual function.

关键词： smartphone use patterns accommodation and convergence visual function visual stress

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Development of Knowledge,Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for age-related macular degeneration patients

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2023年第4期16卷 589-600页

作者： Mohd Harimi Abd Rahman Prashanti Amirtharatnam Sharanjeet Sharanjeet-Kaur Sumithira Narayanasamy Hanif Farhan Mohd Rasdi Mae-Lynn Catherine Bastion Optometry and Vision Science Programme Center for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies(iCaRehab)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 53000Malaysia Optometry and Vision Science Programme Center for Community Health Studies(Reach)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 53000Malaysia Occupational Therapy Programme Center for Rehabilitation and Special Needs Studies(iCaRehab)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 53000Malaysia Ophthalmology Department Faculty of MedicineUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 56000Malaysia

AIM:To develop and validate a questionnaire to evaluate knowledge,attitude and practice of patients diagnosed with age-related macular degeneration(AMD)who have undergone intravitreal injection ***:This study was conducted among patients diagnosed with AMD in Kuala *** generation of the instrument included four phases which included item and domains development,content,face validity and exploratory factor *** validity and modified Kappa was used for validation of knowledge *** factor analysis was used for validation of both attitude and practice *** validity was conducted in 12 patients,content validity was ascertained in 120 patients and test-retest reliability was determined in 39 patients with ***:Content validity index(CVI)and modified kappa showed excellent values for most items in the knowledge domain with CVI for item(I-CVI)values between 0.78-1.0 and Kappa values of>*** Kaiser-MeyerOlkin(KMO)sampling adequacy showed acceptable scores of 0.70 and 0.75 for both attitude and practice domains respectively and Bartlett’s Test of sphericity were significant(χ^(2)=0.00,P<0.001).Factor analysis resulted in five factors with thirty items for attitude domain and four factors with twenty items for practice *** Cronbach’s alpha showed acceptable values for all items in knowledge,attitude and practice domain with values>0.70 and good test-retest *** final version of the questionnaire consisted of 93 items from four sections consisting of demographic details,knowledge,attitude and ***:The findings of this validation and reliability study show that the developed questionnaire has a satisfactory psychometric property for measuring KAP of patients diagnosed with AMD undergoing intravitreal injection treatment.

关键词： knowledge attitudes practice age-related macular degeneration instrument development

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Comparison of vergence mechanisms between university students with good and poor sleep quality

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第2期17卷 353-358页

作者： Pui Juan Woi Joyce Yi Ling Lu Mohd Izzuddin Hairol Wan Nur Amirah Ibrahim Optometry and Vision Science Programme Center for Community Health Studies(ReaCH)Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia Centre of Optometry Studies Faculty of Health SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARASelangor BranchPuncak Alam CampusSelangor 42300Malaysia

AIM:To compare the vergence mechanisms between good and poor sleepers in university ***:A total of 64 university students were recruited in this *** validated Malay version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire(PSQI-M)was used to measure the participants’sleep quality over the past *** were categorized as good sleepers(n=32)and poor sleepers(n=32)based on the PSQI-M *** and fusional vergences were measured at distance and ***-Whitney U test was used to compare heterophoria,negative fusional vergence(NFV),and positive fusional vergence(PFV)at distance and near between good and poor *** correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between PSQI-M score and PFV at ***:Both distance and near heterophorias were not significantly different between good and poor sleepers(P>0.05).There was a difference in distance PFV(P<0.05)between good and poor sleepers,but not in distance NFV,near NFV,and near PFV(P>0.05).Distance PFV was negatively correlated with PSQI-M score(rs=-0.33,P<0.05).CONCLUSION:University students with poor sleep quality demonstrates a reduced ability to maintain fusion with increasing convergence demand at *** quality assessment during binocular vision examination in university students is recommended.

关键词： binocular vision vergence sleep quality university students

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Image Enhancement Methods for Anterior Segment Photographed Images 10

Image Enhancement Methods for Anterior Segment Photographed ...

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10th IEEE Conference on Systems, Process and Control, ICSPC 2022

作者： Ramlan, Laily Azyan Zaki, Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Mutalib, Haliza Abdul Huddin, Aqilah Baseri Hussain, Aini Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Bangi Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Optometry and Vision Science Programme Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665470988

In the digital age, the use of smartphone digital camera images as an imaging modality for early eye disease screening and detection has been widely explored. Nevertheless, the process of taking pictures often raises some issues that may be related to the dynamic range limitations of cameras and uneven lighting, which may cause uneven illumination in the images. Therefore, image enhancement is further needed to improve the visual quality of the images and to provide sufficient detail for basic computer vision tasks including segmentation. This work studies the effect of image enhancement methods on the segmentation results of anterior segment photographed image (ASPI) ocular regions with nonuniform illumination. During the pre-processing stage, the image enhancement methods are performed on the nonuniform illumination ASPI. Those images are later trained using a deep learning approach for semantic segmentation. Based on the network performance, the Multiscale Retinex with Chromaticity Preservation (MSRCP) method gives the best segmentation results for all classes with mean accuracy of 0.921, mean IoU of 0.805 and mean BFScore of 0.717. In addition, the image quality assessment is performed on the ASPI with image enhancement methods. It is found that the images using MSRCP method had the lowest values for Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial Quality Evaluator (BRISQUE), Naturalness Image Quality Evaluator (NIQE), and Perception-based Image Quality Evaluator (PIQE), indicating the highest image quality compared to the other methods. For future work, the segmented region of the eyes, including the sclera, iris, and pupil, can be utilized as a region of interest (ROI) to detect various anterior eye diseases. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Macular retinal sensitivity using MP-1 in healthy Malaysian subjects of different ages

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Journal of optometry 2015年第4期8卷 266-272页

作者： Ismail, Siti Aishah Kaur, Sharanjeet Mutalib, Haliza Abdul Ngah, Nor Fariza Optometry and Vision Science Programme School of Healthcare Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur 50300 Malaysia Department of Ophthalmology Hospital Selayang Lebuhraya Selayang Kepong Batu Caves 68100 Malaysia

Purpose To determine the influence of age and gender on macular sensitivity to light in healthy subjects of 4 age groups using the MP-1 microperimeter. Methods A prospective study was carried out on 50 healthy subjects (age range: 18-60 years) divided into 4 age groups;18-30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years and 51-60 years. Full-threshold microperimetry of the central 10° of retina was performed utilizing 32 points with the MP-1. Macula area was divided into four quadrants, which were superior nasal (SN), inferior nasal (IN), inferior temporal (IT) and superior temporal (ST). Results Total mean sensitivity at 10° for age groups 18-30 years, 31-40 years, 41-50 years and 51-60 years were 19.46 ± 0.30, 19.40 ± 0.39, 19.47 ± 0.35 and 18.73 ± 0.75 (dB), respectively. There was a significant difference in total mean retinal sensitivity at 10° and at the four quadrants with age but not for gender. The retinal sensitivity was highest in the IT quadrant and lowest in the SN quadrant for all age groups. The linear regression analysis revealed that there was a 0.019 dB, 0.016 dB, 0.022 dB, 0.029 dB and 0.029 dB per year age-related decline in mean macular sensitivity within the central 10° diameter in the SN, IN, IT and ST quadrants respectively. Conclusion Among normal healthy subjects, there was a linear decline in retinal light sensitivity with increasing age with the highest reduction in the superior nasal quadrant and lowest in the inferior temporal quadrant. © 2015 Spanish General Council of optometry. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

关键词： Age Microperimetry MP-1 Retinal sensitivity

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Cataract Detection using Pupil Patch Classification and Ruled-based System in Anterior Segment Photographed Images 13

Cataract Detection using Pupil Patch Classification and Rule...

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13th IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications and Industrial Electronics, ISCAIE 2023

作者： Ramlan, Laily Azyan Zaki, Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Mutalib, Haliza Abdul Hussain, Aini Mustapha, Aouache Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Bangi Malaysia Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Optometry and Vision Science Programme Kuala Lumpur Malaysia Baba Hassen Division Telecom Algiers Algeria

ISBN: (纸本)9798350347319

A cataract is an ocular disease affecting the eye's anterior segment, and it results from clouding of the lens. If left untreated, this condition can cause blindness or vision impairment. The current diagnosis of cataracts involves a series of manual tests that are time consuming, subjective and dependent on the experience of ophthalmologists. Moreover, the medical equipment used for detection and screening is costly. Digital images have been used to develop healthcare applications, including anterior segment images applied to detect ocular diseases. Therefore, this paper presents a cataract detection method using anterior segment photographed images (ASPIs) captured with a smartphone's camera. The proposed methodology includes a preprocessing step, and cataract detection comprises patch classification and a rule-based system. Using 540 normal and cataract patches, five different pretrained networks were employed to classify the patches. The experimental results showed that the patch classification model with ResNet-50 achieved the highest accuracy, specificity, and area under curve values of 98%, 98.1% and 0.999, respectively. Then, the patch classification model was used to detect cataracts in 20 cataracts and 20 normal ASPIs using a rule-based system. The proposed method achieved high accuracy in cataract detection. The proposed method can be potentially used for cataract detection or screening and can help optometrists or ophthalmologists, particularly in rural areas. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Students’ Perception on Lecture Delivery Effectiveness among the Faculty of Health sciences Lecturers

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Procedia - Social and Behavioral sciences 2012年 60卷 67-72页

作者： Ahmad Rohi Ghazali Ismarulyusda Ishak Nur Zakiah Mohd Saat Rifina Arlin Zainal Arifin Asmah Hamid Yanti Rosli Zainora Mohammed Mohd Sham Othman Firdaus Kamarulzaman Biomedical Science Programme School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Optometry & Vision Science Programme School of Healthcare Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Environmental Health & Industrial Safety Programme School of Diagnostic & Applied Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Lecture delivery is one of the major criteria in assessing overall lecturer's performance apart from research and publications. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the lecture delivery effectiveness among Faculty of Health sciences (FSK), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) lecturers from the perception of students. Lecture delivery effectiveness was correlated significantly with characteristics of lecturers, attitudes of students, facilities and students’ satisfaction, but not associated with students’ grade. Different opinions were observed between undergraduates and postgraduates on lecture delivery effectiveness. More attention should be given to improve the quality of teaching in FSK.

关键词： Effectiveness Lecture delivery Learning methods Students’ perception

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Image Enhancement Methods for Anterior Segment Photographed Images

Image Enhancement Methods for Anterior Segment Photographed ...

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IEEE Conference on Systems, Process & Control (ICSPC)

作者： Laily Azyan Ramlan Wan Mimi Diyana Wan Zaki Haliza Abdul Mutalib Aqilah Baseri Huddin Aini Hussain Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems Engineering Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Bangi Malaysia Optometry and Vision Science Programme Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665470995

关键词： Image quality Image segmentation Iris Visualization Semantic segmentation Lighting Pupils

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