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arXiv 2019年

作者： Rivas, Nicolas Zhong, Shazhou Dekker, Tina Cheng, Meixin Gicala, Patrick Chen, Fangchu Luo, Xuan Sun, Yuping Petruk, Ariel A. Pichugin, Kostyantyn Tsen, Adam W. Sciaini, Germán Ultrafast Electron Imaging Lab Department of Chemistry Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L3G1 Canada Institute for Quantum Computing Department of Physics and Astronomy Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Chemistry University of Waterloo WaterlooONN2L3G1 Canada Key Laboratory of Materials Physics Institute of Solid-State Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China High Magnetic Field Laboratory Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei230031 Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China

Layered transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted substantial attention owing to their versatile functionalities and compatibility with current nanofabrication technologies. Thus, noninvasive means to determine the mechanical properties of nanometer (nm) thick specimens are of increasing importance. Here, we report on the detection of coherent longitudinal acoustic phonon modes generated by impulsive femtosecond (fs) optical excitation. Broadband fs-transient absorption experiments in 1T-f-MoTe2 flakes as a function of thickness (7 nm . 30 nm) yield a longitudinal sound speed of vl = (2990± 90) m s-1. In addition, temperature dependent measurements unveil a linear decrease of the normalized Young-fs modulus El/El,295Kwith a slope of δ(***,%' ))/δT = (.2.0± 0.1) 10-3K-1and no noticeable change caused by the Td-1T-f structural phase transition or variations in film thickness. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Elastic moduli

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Two-particle azimuthal correlations in photonuclear ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with ATLAS

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Physical Review C 2021年第1期104卷 014903-014903页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott D. C. Abbott A. Abed Abud K. Abeling D. K. Abhayasinghe S. H. Abidi O. S. AbouZeid N. L. Abraham H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti A. C. Abusleme Hoffman B. S. Acharya B. Achkar L. Adam C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk L. Adamek J. Adelman A. Adiguzel S. Adorni T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik C. Agapopoulou M. N. Agaras A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W. S. Ahmed X. Ai G. Aielli S. Akatsuka M. Akbiyik T. P. A. Åkesson E. Akilli A. V. Akimov K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert M. J. Alconada Verzini S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos A. Alfonsi F. Alfonsi M. Alhroob B. Ali S. Ali M. Aliev G. Alimonti C. Allaire B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani E. Alunno Camelia M. Alvarez Estevez M. G. Alviggi Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler L. Ambroz C. Amelung D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos S. Amoroso C. S. Amrouche C. Anastopoulos N. Andari T. Andeen J. K. Anders S. Y. Andrean A. Andreazza V. Andrei C. R. Anelli S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M. T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli D. J. A. Antrim F. Anulli M. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo M. A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella N. Aranzabal V. Araujo Ferraz C. Arcangeletti A. T. H. Arce J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling A. J. Armbruster A. Armstrong O. Arnaez H. Arnold Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N. A. Asbah E. M. Asimakopoulou L. Asquith J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos R. J. Atkin M. Atkinson N. B. Atlay H. Atmani P. A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten V. A. Austrup G. Avolio M. K. Ayoub G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas F. Backman P. Bagnaia H. Bahrasemani A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines C. Bakalis O. K. Baker P. J. Bakker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta S. Balaji R. Balasubramanian E. M. Baldin P. Balek F. Balli W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay L. Barak W. M. Barbe E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero G. Barbour K. N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits J. Barkeloo T. Barkl CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA CERN Geneva Switzerland II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Department of Physics Royal Holloway University of London Egham United Kingdom Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Sussex Brighton United Kingdom Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois USA Departamento de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany LAPP Université Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada Department of Physics Northern Illinois University Dekalb Illinois USA Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Université de Genève Genève Switzerland Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 91405 Orsay France LPC Université Clermont Auvergne CNRS/IN2P3 Clermont-Ferrand France Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics Radboud University/Nikhef Nijmegen Netherlan

Two-particle long-range azimuthal correlations are measured in photonuclear collisions using 1.7nb−1 of 5.02 TeV Pb+Pb collision data collected by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. Candidate events are selected using a dedicated high-multiplicity photonuclear event trigger, a combination of information from the zero-degree calorimeters and forward calorimeters, and from pseudorapidity gaps constructed using calorimeter energy clusters and charged-particle tracks. Distributions of event properties are compared between data and Monte Carlo simulations of photonuclear processes. Two-particle correlation functions are formed using charged-particle tracks in the selected events, and a template-fitting method is employed to subtract the nonflow contribution to the correlation. Significant nonzero values of the second- and third-order flow coefficients are observed and presented as a function of charged-particle multiplicity and transverse momentum. The results are compared with flow coefficients obtained in proton-proton and proton-lead collisions in similar multiplicity ranges, and with theoretical expectations. The unique initial conditions present in this measurement provide a new way to probe the origin of the collective signatures previously observed only in hadronic collisions.

关键词： Nucleon-nucleon interactions Photonuclear reactions Relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Eavesdropper's ability to attack a free-space quantum-key-distribution receiver in atmospheric turbulence

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Physical Review A 2019年第6期99卷 062315-062315页

作者： Poompong Chaiwongkhot Katanya B. Kuntz Yanbao Zhang Anqi Huang Jean-Philippe Bourgoin Shihan Sajeed Norbert Lütkenhaus Thomas Jennewein Vadim Makarov Institute for Quantum Computing University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada N2L 3G1 Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada N2L 3G1 NTT Basic Research Laboratories NTT Corporation Atsugi Kanagawa 243-0198 Japan NTT Research Center for Theoretical Quantum Physics NTT Corporation Atsugi Kanagawa 243-0198 Japan Institute for Quantum Information and State Key Laboratory of High Performance Computing College of Computer National University of Defense Technology Changsha 410073 People's Republic of China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Waterloo ON Canada N2L 3G1 Aegis Quantum Waterloo ON Canada Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada M5S 3G4 Quantum Information Science Program Canadian Institute for Advanced Research Toronto ON Canada M5G 1Z8 Russian Quantum Center Skolkovo Moscow 143025 Russia Shanghai Branch National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai 201315 People's Republic of China NTI Center for Quantum Communications National University of Science and Technology MISiS Moscow 119049 Russia

The ability of an eavesdropper (Eve) to perform an intercept-resend attack on a free-space quantum-key-distribution (QKD) receiver by precisely controlling the incidence angle of an attack laser has been previously demonstrated. However, such an attack could be ineffective in the presence of atmospheric turbulence due to beam wander and spatial mode aberrations induced by the air's varying index of refraction. We experimentally investigate the impact turbulence has on Eve's attack on a free-space polarization-encoding QKD receiver by emulating atmospheric turbulence with a spatial light modulator. Our results identify how well Eve would need to compensate for turbulence to perform a successful attack by either reducing her distance to the receiver or using beam wavefront correction via adaptive optics. Furthermore, we use an entanglement-breaking scheme to find a theoretical limit on the turbulence strength that hinders Eve's attack.

关键词： Quantum cryptography

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Molecular dynamics simulation approach to explore atomistic molecular mechanism of peroxidase activity of apoptotic cytochrome c mutants

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Informatics in Medicine Unlocked 2018年 11卷 51-60页

作者： Muneeswaran, Gurusamy Pandiaraj, Manickam Kartheeswaran, Subramanian Sankaralingam, Muniyandi Muthukumar, Kaliappan Karunakaran, Chandran Biomedical Research Lab Department of Chemistry VHNSN College (Autonomous) Virudhunagar Tamilnadu India Department of Chemistry School of Advanced Sciences Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil 626 126 Tamilnadu India Electrodics and Electrocatalysis Division CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute Karaikudi 630003 India Department of Master of Computer Applications School of Computing Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education Krishnankoil 626 126 Tamilnadu India Department of Chemistry and Nano Science Ewha Womans University Seoul 03760 South Korea Applied Materials Sunnyvale 94085 CA United States

Mutations in cytochrome c (Cyt c) have been reported in tuning peroxidase activity, which in-turn cause Cyt c release from mitochondria and early apoptosis. However, the molecular tuning mechanism underlying this activity remains elusive. Herein, multiple 20 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of wild type (WT), Y67F and K72W mutated Cyt c in aqueous solutions have been carried out to study how the changes in structural features alters the peroxidase activity of the protein. MD simulation results indicate that Y67F mutation caused, (i) increased distances between critical electron-transfer residues, (ii) higher fluctuations in omega loops, and (iii) weakening of intraprotein hydrogen bonds result in open conformation at heme crevice loop in Cyt c leading to an enhanced peroxidase activity. Interestingly, the aforementioned structural features are strengthened in K72W compared to WT and Y67F, which triggers K72W mutated Cyt c into a poor peroxidase. Essential dynamics results unveil that first two eigenvectors are responsible for overall motions of WT, Y67F and K72W mutated Cyt c. This study thus provides atomic level insight into molecular mechanism of peroxidase activity of Cyt c, which will help in designing novel Cyt c structures that is more desirable than natural Cyt c for biomedical and industrial processes. © 2018

关键词： Apoptosis Cytochrome c Molecular dynamics Mutations Peroxidase activity

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Search for new phenomena in pp collisions in final states with tau leptons, b-jets, and missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector

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Physical Review D 2021年第11期104卷 112005-112005页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott D. C. Abbott A. Abed Abud K. Abeling D. K. Abhayasinghe S. H. Abidi O. S. AbouZeid H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti A. C. Abusleme Hoffman B. S. Acharya B. Achkar L. Adam C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk L. Adamek J. Adelman A. Adiguzel S. Adorni T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik C. Agapopoulou M. N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W. S. Ahmed X. Ai G. Aielli S. Akatsuka M. Akbiyik T. P. A. Åkesson A. V. Akimov K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert M. J. Alconada Verzini S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos A. Alfonsi F. Alfonsi M. Alhroob B. Ali S. Ali M. Aliev G. Alimonti C. Allaire B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani E. Alunno Camelia M. Alvarez Estevez M. G. Alviggi Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler L. Ambroz C. Amelung D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos S. Amoroso C. S. Amrouche C. Anastopoulos N. Andari T. Andeen J. K. Anders S. Y. Andrean A. Andreazza V. Andrei S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M. T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli D. J. A. Antrim F. Anulli M. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo M. A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella N. Aranzabal V. Araujo Ferraz C. Arcangeletti A. T. H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling A. J. Armbruster A. Armstrong O. Arnaez H. Arnold Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N. A. Asbah E. M. Asimakopoulou L. Asquith J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos R. J. Atkin M. Atkinson N. B. Atlay H. Atmani P. A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio V. A. Austrup G. Avolio M. K. Ayoub G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia H. Bahrasemani A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines C. Bakalis O. K. Baker P. J. Bakker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta S. Balaji R. Balasubramanian E. M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay L. Barak E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero G. Barbour K. N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits J. Barkeloo T CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA CERN Geneva Switzerland II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Department of Physics Royal Holloway University of London Egham United Kingdom Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois United States of America Departamento de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany LAPP Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Université de Genève Genève Switzerland Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 91405 Orsay France Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain INFN Sezione di Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics Rad

A search for new phenomena in final states with hadronically decaying tau leptons, b-jets, and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analyzed dataset comprises pp collision data at a center-of-mass energy of s=13 TeV with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1, delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector from 2015 to 2018. The observed data are compatible with the expected Standard Model background. The results are interpreted in simplified models for two different scenarios. The first model is based on supersymmetry and considers pair production of top squarks, each of which decays into a b-quark, a neutrino and a tau slepton. Each tau slepton in turn decays into a tau lepton and a nearly massless gravitino. Within this model, top-squark masses up to 1.4 TeV can be excluded at the 95% confidence level over a wide range of tau-slepton masses. The second model considers pair production of leptoquarks with decays into third-generation leptons and quarks. Depending on the branching fraction into charged leptons, leptoquarks with masses up to around 1.25 TeV can be excluded at the 95% confidence level for the case of scalar leptoquarks and up to 1.8 TeV (1.5 TeV) for vector leptoquarks in a Yang–Mills (minimal-coupling) scenario. In addition, model-independent upper limits are set on the cross section of processes beyond the Standard Model.

关键词： Bottom quark Leptoquarks Tau leptons Supersymmetry

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All-sky search for continuous gravitational waves from isolated neutron stars using advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo O3 data

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Physical Review D 2022年第10期106卷 102008-102008页

作者： R. Abbott H. Abe F. Acernese K. Ackley N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. K. Adkins V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu S. Albanesi R. A. Alfaidi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres M. Andrés-Carcasona T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier T. Apostolatos E. Z. Appavuravther S. Appert S. K. Apple K. Arai A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. Assis de Souza Melo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai J. Baird R. Bajpai T. Baka M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri B. Banerjee D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos S. Basak R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley M. Bazzan B. R. Becher B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale F. Beirnaert M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala S. Bera M. Berbel F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari U. Bhardwaj R. Bhatt D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik A. Bianchi I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boër G. Bogaert M. Boldrini G. N. Bolingbroke L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D. D. Brown LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Graduate School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy SUPA University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom Università di Napoli “Federico II ” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1

We present results of an all-sky search for continuous gravitational waves which can be produced by spinning neutron stars with an asymmetry around their rotation axis, using data from the third observing run of the advanced LIGO and advanced Virgo detectors. Four different analysis methods are used to search in a gravitational-wave frequency band from 10 to 2048 Hz and a first frequency derivative from −10−8 to 10−9 Hz/s. No statistically significant periodic gravitational-wave signal is observed by any of the four searches. As a result, upper limits on the gravitational-wave strain amplitude h0 are calculated. The best upper limits are obtained in the frequency range of 100 to 200 Hz and they are ∼1.1×10−25 at 95% confidence level. The minimum upper limit of 1.10×10−25 is achieved at a frequency 111.5 Hz. We also place constraints on the rates and abundances of nearby planetary- and asteroid-mass primordial black holes that could give rise to continuous gravitational-wave signals.

关键词： Gravitational wave sources Neutron stars & pulsars Gravitational wave detection

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Search for gravitational waves from Scorpius X-1 with a hidden Markov model in O3 LIGO data

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Physical Review D 2022年第6期106卷 062002-062002页

Results are presented for a semicoherent search for continuous gravitational waves from the low-mass x-ray binary Scorpius X-1, using a hidden Markov model (HMM) to allow for spin wandering. This search improves on previous HMM-based searches of Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory data by including the orbital period in the search template grid, and by analyzing data from the latest (third) observing run. In the frequency range searched, from 60 to 500 Hz, we find no evidence of gravitational radiation. This is the most sensitive search for Scorpius X-1 using a HMM to date. For the most sensitive subband, starting at 256.06 Hz, we report an upper limit on gravitational wave strain (at 95% confidence) of h095%=6.16×10−26, assuming the orbital inclination angle takes its electromagnetically restricted value ι=44°. The upper limits on gravitational wave strain reported here are on average a factor of ∼3 lower than in the second observing run HMM search. This is the first Scorpius X-1 HMM search with upper limits that reach below the indirect torque-balance limit for certain subbands, assuming ι=44°.

关键词： Gravitational waves Binary stars Neutron stars & pulsars

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Search for charginos and neutralinos in final states with two boosted hadronically decaying bosons and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Physical Review D 2021年第11期104卷 112010-112010页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott D. C. Abbott A. Abed Abud K. Abeling D. K. Abhayasinghe S. H. Abidi H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti A. C. Abusleme Hoffman B. S. Acharya B. Achkar L. Adam C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk L. Adamek S. V. Addepalli J. Adelman A. Adiguzel S. Adorni T. Adye A. A. Affolder Y. Afik C. Agapopoulou M. N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W. S. Ahmed X. Ai G. Aielli I. Aizenberg S. Akatsuka M. Akbiyik T. P. A. Åkesson A. V. Akimov K. Al Khoury G. L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco M. J. Alconada Verzini S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I. N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos A. Alfonsi F. Alfonsi M. Alhroob B. Ali S. Ali M. Aliev G. Alimonti C. Allaire B. M. M. Allbrooke P. P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani E. Alunno Camelia M. Alvarez Estevez M. G. Alviggi Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler L. Ambroz C. Amelung D. Amidei S. P. Amor Dos Santos S. Amoroso C. S. Amrouche C. Anastopoulos N. Andari T. Andeen J. K. Anders S. Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A. V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M. T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli D. J. A. Antrim F. Anulli M. Aoki J. A. Aparisi Pozo M. A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella N. Aranzabal V. Araujo Ferraz C. Arcangeletti A. T. H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling A. J. Armbruster A. Armstrong O. Arnaez H. Arnold Z. P. Arrubarrena Tame G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N. A. Asbah E. M. Asimakopoulou L. Asquith J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos R. J. Atkin M. Atkinson N. B. Atlay H. Atmani P. A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio V. A. Austrup G. Avner G. Avolio M. K. Ayoub G. Azuelos D. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia H. Bahrasemani A. J. Bailey V. R. Bailey J. T. Baines C. Bakalis O. K. Baker P. J. Bakker E. Bakos D. Bakshi Gupta S. Balaji R. Balasubramanian E. M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli W. K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak E. L. Barberio D. Barberis M. Barbero G. Barbour K. N. Ba CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS/IN2P3 Marseille France Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Oklahoma Norman Oklahoma USA Department of Physics University of Massachusetts Amherst Massachusetts USA CERN Geneva Switzerland II. Physikalisches Institut Georg-August-Universität Göttingen Göttingen Germany Department of Physics Royal Holloway University of London Egham United Kingdom Physics Department Brookhaven National Laboratory Upton New York USA Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel Department of Physics Technion Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel High Energy Physics Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne Illinois USA Departamento de Física Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago Chile INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine Sezione di Trieste Udine Italy ICTP Trieste Italy Institut für Physik Universität Mainz Mainz Germany LAPP Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS/IN2P3 Annecy France AGH University of Science and Technology Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science Krakow Poland Department of Physics University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada Department of Physics Brandeis University Waltham Massachusetts USA Department of Physics Northern Illinois University DeKalb Illinois USA Department of Physics Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire Université de Genève Genève Switzerland Particle Physics Department Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot United Kingdom Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA IJCLab Université Paris-Saclay CNRS/IN2P3 91405 Orsay France Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE) Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain INFN Sezione di Pavia Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Università di Pavia Pavia Italy Institute for Mathematics Astrophysics and Particle Physics Radboud Univers

A search for charginos and neutralinos at the Large Hadron Collider using fully hadronic final states and missing transverse momentum is reported. Pair-produced charginos or neutralinos are explored, each decaying into a high-pT Standard Model weak boson. Fully hadronic final states are studied to exploit the advantage of the large branching ratio, and the efficient rejection of backgrounds by identifying the high-pT bosons using large-radius jets and jet substructure information. An integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV is used. No significant excess is found beyond the Standard Model expectation. Exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level are set on wino or higgsino production with various assumptions about the decay branching ratios and the type of lightest supersymmetric particle. A wino (higgsino) mass up to 1060 (900) GeV is excluded when the lightest supersymmetry particle mass is below 400 (240) GeV and the mass splitting is larger than 400 (450) GeV. The sensitivity to high-mass winos and higgsinos is significantly extended relative to previous LHC searches using other final states.

关键词： Extensions of Higgs sector Extensions of gauge sector Supersymmetric models Higgs bosons Hypothetical gauge bosons W & Z bosons Supersymmetry Hadron colliders Multi-purpose particle detectors

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All-sky search for gravitational wave emission from scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes in LIGO O3 data

引用

Physical Review D 2022年第10期105卷 102001-102001页

作者： R. Abbott H. Abe F. Acernese K. Ackley N. Adhikari R. X. Adhikari V. K. Adkins V. B. Adya C. Affeldt D. Agarwal M. Agathos K. Agatsuma N. Aggarwal O. D. Aguiar L. Aiello A. Ain P. Ajith T. Akutsu S. Albanesi R. A. Alfaidi A. Allocca P. A. Altin A. Amato C. Anand S. Anand A. Ananyeva S. B. Anderson W. G. Anderson M. Ando T. Andrade N. Andres M. Andrés-Carcasona T. Andrić S. V. Angelova S. Ansoldi J. M. Antelis S. Antier T. Apostolatos E. Z. Appavuravther S. Appert S. K. Apple K. Arai A. Araya M. C. Araya J. S. Areeda M. Arène N. Aritomi N. Arnaud M. Arogeti S. M. Aronson K. G. Arun H. Asada Y. Asali G. Ashton Y. Aso M. Assiduo S. Assis de Souza Melo S. M. Aston P. Astone F. Aubin K. AultONeal C. Austin S. Babak F. Badaracco M. K. M. Bader C. Badger S. Bae Y. Bae A. M. Baer S. Bagnasco Y. Bai J. Baird R. Bajpai T. Baka M. Ball G. Ballardin S. W. Ballmer A. Balsamo G. Baltus S. Banagiri B. Banerjee D. Bankar J. C. Barayoga C. Barbieri B. C. Barish D. Barker P. Barneo F. Barone B. Barr L. Barsotti M. Barsuglia D. Barta J. Bartlett M. A. Barton I. Bartos S. Basak R. Bassiri A. Basti M. Bawaj J. C. Bayley M. Bazzan B. R. Becher B. Bécsy V. M. Bedakihale F. Beirnaert M. Bejger I. Belahcene V. Benedetto D. Beniwal M. G. Benjamin T. F. Bennett J. D. Bentley M. BenYaala S. Bera M. Berbel F. Bergamin B. K. Berger S. Bernuzzi D. Bersanetti A. Bertolini J. Betzwieser D. Beveridge R. Bhandare A. V. Bhandari U. Bhardwaj R. Bhatt D. Bhattacharjee S. Bhaumik A. Bianchi I. A. Bilenko G. Billingsley S. Bini R. Birney O. Birnholtz S. Biscans M. Bischi S. Biscoveanu A. Bisht B. Biswas M. Bitossi M.-A. Bizouard J. K. Blackburn C. D. Blair D. G. Blair R. M. Blair F. Bobba N. Bode M. Boër G. Bogaert M. Boldrini G. N. Bolingbroke L. D. Bonavena F. Bondu E. Bonilla R. Bonnand P. Booker B. A. Boom R. Bork V. Boschi N. Bose S. Bose V. Bossilkov V. Boudart Y. Bouffanais A. Bozzi C. Bradaschia P. R. Brady A. Bramley A. Branch M. Branchesi J. E. Brau M. Breschi T. Briant J. H. Briggs A. Brillet M. Brinkmann P. Brockill A. F. Brooks J. Brooks D LIGO Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena California 91125 USA Graduate School of Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan Dipartimento di Farmacia Università di Salerno I-84084 Fisciano Salerno Italy INFN Sezione di Napoli Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy OzGrav School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Clayton 3800 Victoria Australia University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee Wisconsin 53201 USA Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana 70803 USA OzGrav Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 0200 Australia Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute) D-30167 Hannover Germany Leibniz Universität Hannover D-30167 Hannover Germany Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics Pune 411007 India University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 1TN United Kingdom Theoretisch-Physikalisches Institut Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena D-07743 Jena Germany University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT United Kingdom Northwestern University Evanston Illinois 60208 USA Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 12227-010 São José dos Campos São Paulo Brazil Cardiff University Cardiff CF24 3AA United Kingdom INFN Sezione di Pisa I-56127 Pisa Italy International Centre for Theoretical Sciences Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Bengaluru 560089 India Gravitational Wave Science Project National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Advanced Technology Center National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ) Mitaka City Tokyo 181-8588 Japan Dipartimento di Fisica Università degli Studi di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy INFN Sezione di Torino I-10125 Torino Italy SUPA University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ United Kingdom Università di Napoli “Federico II” Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo I-80126 Napoli Italy Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1

This paper describes the first all-sky search for long-duration, quasimonochromatic gravitational-wave signals emitted by ultralight scalar boson clouds around spinning black holes using data from the third observing run of advanced LIGO. We analyze the frequency range from 20 to 610 Hz, over a small frequency derivative range around zero, and use multiple frequency resolutions to be robust towards possible signal frequency wanderings. Outliers from this search are followed up using two different methods, one more suitable for nearly monochromatic signals, and the other more robust towards frequency fluctuations. We do not find any evidence for such signals and set upper limits on the signal strain amplitude, the most stringent being ≈10−25 at around 130 Hz. We interpret these upper limits as both an “exclusion region” in the boson mass/black hole mass plane and the maximum detectable distance for a given boson mass, based on an assumption of the age of the black hole/boson cloud system.

关键词： Classical black holes Gravitational wave detection Gravitational wave sources Particle astrophysics Particle dark matter

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Understanding adversarial attacks on deep learning based medical image analysis systems

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2019年

作者： Ma, Xingjun Niu, Yuhao Gu, Lin Wang, Yisen Zhao, Yitian Bailey, James Lu, Feng State Key Laboratory of VR Technology and Systems School of CSE Beihang University Beijing China School of Computing and Information Systems The University of Melbourne ParkvilleVIC3010 Australia Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine Beihang University Beijing China National Institute of Informatics Tokyo101-8430 Japan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China Cixi Instuitue of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Industrial Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo China

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have become popular for medical image analysis tasks like cancer diagnosis and lesion detection. However, a recent study demonstrates that medical deep learning systems can be compromised by carefully-engineered adversarial examples/attacks with small imperceptible perturbations. This raises safety concerns about the deployment of these systems in clinical settings. In this paper, we provide a deeper understanding of adversarial examples in the context of medical images. We find that medical DNN models can be more vulnerable to adversarial attacks compared to models for natural images, according to two different viewpoints. Surprisingly, we also find that medical adversarial attacks can be easily detected, i.e., simple detectors can achieve over 98% detection AUC against state-of-the-art attacks, due to fundamental feature differences compared to normal examples. We believe these findings may be a useful basis to approach the design of more explainable and secure medical deep learning systems. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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