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A Review of Electronic Fuses: Challenges and Opportunities for Future Vehicular Power systems

IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 2025年第3期11卷 8548-8560页

作者： Mayer, Christoph Baumann, Martin Eisenmann, Bastian Herzog, Hans-Georg Energy Conversion Technology Laboratory TUM School of Engineering and Design Garching85748 Germany BMW Group Research and Development Department Munich80788 Germany High-Power Converter Systems Laboratory TUM School of Engineering and Design Munich80333 Germany

Currently, the vehicular power system is undergoing significant changes. One of the most promising advances thereby are electronic fuses (eFuses) which are intended to replace the state-of-the-art melting fuses. On the one hand, eFuses are beneficial to meet the requirements for highly automated or autonomous driving functions. On the other hand, compared to melting fuses, they also offer advanced protection mechanisms and enhanced diagnosis functions as well as wiring harness optimization potentials. This article provides a comprehensive review about the current state of research regarding vehicular eFuses. The general structure and basic functionalities such as protection mechanisms are explained, followed by an overview of state-of-the-art eFuse hardware solutions. Available investigation methods of eFuses such as simulation models are shown. The effect of eFuses on other system components is explained and compared to melting fuses. A comparative overview and discussion of benefits and drawbacks of eFuses and melting fuses complete the review. This article will be beneficial not only for research institutions, industry professionals, but also for anyone who is inexperienced in the field of vehicular power systems as a reference of the current state of research regarding vehicular eFuses. © 2015 IEEE.

关键词： Protection Fuses Power systems Temperature measurement Transistors Hardware Switching circuits Reviews Electrification Surge protection

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OFDM-structure based waveform designs for integrated sensing and communication

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 267-284页

作者： Jiaqi LIU Ping YANG Ke JIANG Jiarong ZHAO Wei XIANG Jianping WEI Ruixiang DUAN Saviour ZAMMIT Tony Q.S.QUEK National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications University of Electronic Science and Technology of China School of Computing Engineering and Mathematical Sciences La Trobe University Meituan Academy of Robotics Department of Communications and Computer Engineering University of Malta Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar Singapore University of Technology and Design

The future sixth-generation(6G) paradigm aims to seamlessly integrate communication and environmental sensing capabilities into a single radio signal, promising improved efficiency and cost-effectiveness through simultaneous data communications and environmental perception. At the core of this evolution, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) and its advanced waveforms emerge as pivotal for integrated sensing and communications(ISAC). This study introduces a concise and unified ISAC waveform design framework based on orthogonal multicarriers. This framework supports versatile applications of OFDM and its derivative waveforms within a generalized ISAC system, marking a significant leap in integrating communication and sensing capabilities. A distinguishing feature of this framework is its adaptability,allowing users to intelligently select modulation strategies based on their specific environmental needs. This adaptability optimizes performance across diverse scenarios. Central to our innovations is the proposal of discrete Fourier transformspread OFDM with index modulation(DFT-S-OFDM-IM). This framework is paired with newly proposed signal processing methods for single-input single-output and multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO) systems. Extensive evaluations highlight DFT-S-OFDM-IM's superiority, including dramatically reduced peak-to-average power ratios(PAPRs), competitive communication performance, and exceptional sensing capabilities, striking an elegant balance between communication capacity and environmental sensing precision.

关键词： DFT-S-OFDM-IM index modulation integrated sensing and communication OFDM

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Extension of a Full Envelope Flight Control System to CTOL/STOL Capabilities on an Urban Air Mobility Vectored-Thrust VTOL Vehicle

Extension of a Full Envelope Flight Control System to CTOL/S...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Comer, Anthony Mishra, Aashutosh Chakraborty, Imon Vehicle Systems Dynamics and Design Laboratory Department of Aerospace Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

This paper presents the extension of the Trajectory Control System, originally developed for full-envelope flight control, to encompass Conventional Takeoff and Landing and Short Takeoff and Landing capabilities. The Trajectory Control System incorporates the best aspects of the Total Energy Control System, originally developed for conventional fixed-wing aircraft, and extends them to vertical takeoff and landing vehicles. This enhancement aims to improve operational versatility and safety in various mission profiles for vertical takeoff and landing vehicles. Utilizing the Modular Aircraft Dynamics and Control Algorithm Simulation Platform, comprehensive simulations were conducted to evaluate the performance of the augmented Trajectory Control System to conventional and short takeoff and landing operations. Simulations were performed to demonstrate the control system's ability to adapt to takeoff and landing requirements on a vectored thrust vehicle configuration. Future work will focus on flight testing and further refinement of the proposed control algorithms to validate the simulation outcomes and ensure real-world applicability. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Flight envelopes

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Frequency unlocking-based MEMS bifurcation sensors

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 171-181页

作者： Yan Qiao Zhan Shi Yutao Xu Xueyong Wei Alaaeldin Elhady Eihab Abdel-Rahman Ronghua Huan Wenming Zhang State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Mechanics Key Laboratory of Soft Machines and Smart Devices of Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anChina Department of Systems Design Engineering University of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada

MEMS resonators exhibit rich dynamic behaviors under the internal resonance regime. In this work, we present a novel MEMS bifurcation sensor that exploits frequency unlocking due to a 1:3 internal resonance between two electrostatically coupled micro-resonators. The proposed detection mechanism allows the sensor to operate in binary (digital) and analog modes, depending on whether the sensor merely detects a significant jump event in the peak frequency upon unlocking or measures the shift in the peak frequency after unlocking and uses it in conjunction with a calibration curve to estimate the corresponding change in stimulus. We validate the success of this sensor paradigm by experimentally demonstrating charge detection. High charge resolutions are achieved in binary mode, up to 0.137 fC, and in analog mode, up to 0.01 fC. The proposed binary sensor enables extraordinarily high detection resolutions due to the excellent frequency stability under internal resonance and the high signal-to-noise ratio of the shift in peak frequency. Our findings offer new opportunities for high-performance ultrasensitive sensors.

关键词： locking bifurcation binary

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Development and Testing of a Hybrid Electric Propulsion Architecture for Subscale eVTOL

Development and Testing of a Hybrid Electric Propulsion Arch...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Davis, Benjamin Bhandari, Rajan Chakraborty, Imon Vehicle Systems Dynamics and Design Laboratory Department of Aerospace Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Hybrid-electric propulsion systems are relatively common in conceptual designs, but have yet to make it into full scale production aircraft. An important step for adapting this propulsion architecture into full scale aircraft is sub scale flight testing. In this work, a subscale hybrid-electric lift-plus-cruise aircraft is sized using the Parametric Energy-based Aircraft Configuration Evaluator sizing framework. The resulting hybrid-electric power system will then be validated through characterization of representative hardware. A power management system model was developed and simulated. Following simulation, the power management control system was tested on representative hardware to validate the proposed design for use in future flight testing applications. © 2024 Lockheed Martin Corporation. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Hybrid electric aircraft

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Using Discrete Event Simulation to Define Requirements for Autonomous Aeromedical Evacuation Vehicles in Combat

Using Discrete Event Simulation to Define Requirements for A...

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AIAA Science and Technology Forum and Exposition, AIAA SciTech Forum 2025

作者： Cooperider, William S. Rivera, Reina Bermudez Vallejos, Jeremy Pingree, George Johnson, Carl C. Mavris, Dimitri N. Georgia Institute of Technology Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory Department of Aerospace Engineering AtlantaGA30332 United States Georgia Institute of Technology Aerospace Systems Design Laboratory AtlantaGA30332 United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107238

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107238

Whenacasualty is sustained in combat it is both a tactical necessity and moral imperative to exhaust all resources to back-haul the wounded service member from their point of injury to a higher surgical care facility with the specified purpose of saving their life;a mission architecture known as Medical Evacuation Operations (MEDEVAC). Presently, the MEDEVAC system relies on the ground unit to stabilize a casualty, move them to a secured pick-up site, and successfully communicate to command the casualty’s status, location, and requirement for an evacuation. Subsequently, Command must assess the levels of multi-domain contestation in the battle space against acceptable levels of risk before committing a large, loud, piloted craft with an onboard medical provider to the casualty’s location. Executing MEDEVAC in a Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO) environment will require a paradigm shift in communicating, evacuating, and caring for casualties. This paper examines the development of a Discrete Event Simulation (DES) to show the capability spectrum of MEDEVAC unmanned aerial vehicles in LSCO. These vehicles, named the Versatile Autonomous Lifesaver in a Combat Rescue Environment (VALCRE), represent potential future capabilities and have adjustable characteristics. Our technical approach was to architect a lifesaving environment, abstract casualty health monitoring and autonomous onboard medical care, introduce stochasticity into the present MEDEVAC mission architecture to contest all domains in the battle space, and measure the performance of VALCRE concepts in LSCO to inform future vehicle requirements. © 2025, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Inc, AIAA. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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From animal collective behaviors to swarm robotic cooperation

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National Science Review 2023年第5期10卷 82-99页

作者： Haibin Duan Mengzhen Huo Yanming Fan State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Automation Science and Electrical EngineeringBeihang University Virtual Reality Fundamental Research Laboratory Department of Mathematics and TheoriesPeng Cheng Laboratory AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute

The collective behaviors of animals,from schooling fish to packing wolves and flocking birds,display plenty of fascinating phenomena that result from simple interaction rules among *** emergent intelligent properties of the animal collective behaviors,such as self-organization,robustness,adaptability and expansibility,have inspired the design of autonomous unmanned swarm *** article reviews several typical natural collective behaviors,introduces the origin and connotation of swarm intelligence,and gives the application case of animal collective *** this basis,the article focuses on the forefront of progress and bionic achievements of aerial,ground and marine robotics swarms,illustrating the mapping relationship from biological cooperative mechanisms to cooperative unmanned cluster ***,considering the significance of the coexisting-cooperative-cognitive human-machine system,the key technologies to be solved are given as the reference directions for the subsequent exploration.

关键词： collective behaviors swarm intelligence cooperative robotics swarm human-machine system

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design, Control Law Development, and Flight Testing of a Subscale Lift-Plus-Cruise Aircraft

Design, Control Law Development, and Flight Testing of a Sub...

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AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition, 2024

作者： Comer, Anthony Bhandari, Rajan Harris Putra, Stefanus Chakraborty, Imon Vehicle Systems Dynamics and Design Laboratory Department of Aerospace Engineering Auburn University AuburnAL United States

ISBN: (数字)9781624107115

ISBN: (纸本)9781624107115

This paper describes the application of a research and development pipeline at the Vehicle systems, Dynamics, and design laboratory to the design, fabrication, and flight testing of a subscale lift-plus-cruise vertical takeoff and landing urban air mobility aircraft concept. The aircraft was sized using the Parametric Energy-based Aircraft Configuration Evaluator framework. Total Energy-based flight control laws were implemented and tested using the Modular Aircraft Dynamics and Control Algorithm Simulation Platform. The developed flight control system architecture was deployed to a Pixhawk-based implementation. The subscale vehicle was fabricated making extensive use of additive manufacturing. Flight testing was conducted at Sharpe Field, near Tuskegee, Alabama, which was a training airfield used by the Tuskegee Airmen during World War II. Preliminary flight test results are presented, showing repeatable transition and maneuvering flights. © 2024 by Anthony Comer, Rajan Bhandari, Stefanus Putra, Imon Chakraborty.

关键词： Control theory

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Trustworthy DNN partition for blockchain-enabled digital twin in wireless IIoT networks

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第11期67卷 373-374页

作者： Xiumei DENG Jun LI Long SHI Kang WEI Ming DING Yumeng SHAO Wen CHEN Shi JIN Pillar of Information Systems Technology and Design Singapore University of Technology and Design National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University School of Electronic and Optical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Department of Computing Hong Kong Polytechnic University Data61 CSIRO Department of Electronics Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University

The integration of artificial intelligence(AI) and digital twin(DT) technology has revolutionized the industrial Internet of Things(IIoT), enabling advanced automation and intelligent manufacturing [1]. Through sophisticated interactions between physical entities and their virtual counterparts,AI-driven DTs facilitate performance monitoring, analysis,simulation, and optimization of physical assets, enabling predictive maintenance and informed decision-making [2].

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Drogue detection for autonomous aerial refueling via hybrid pigeon-inspired optimized color opponent and saliency aggregation

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 2024年第5期37卷 27-38页

作者： Tongyan WU Haibin DUAN Yanming FAN State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems School of Automation Science and Electrical EngineeringBeihang UniversityBeijing 100083China Virtual Reality Fundamental Research Laboratory Department of Mathematics and TheoriesPeng Cheng LaboratoryShenzhen 518000China AVIC Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute Shenyang 110035China

Drogue detection is one of the challenging tasks in autonomous aerial refueling due to the requirement for accuracy and *** detection based on image intrinsic cues can achieve fast detection,but with poor *** studies reveal that optimization-based methods provide accurate and quick solutions for saliency *** paper presents a hybrid pigeon-inspired optimization method,the optimized color opponent,that aims to adjust the weight of color opponent channels to detect the drogue *** can optimize the weights in the selected aerial refueling scene offline,and the results are applied for drogue detection in the scene.A novel algorithm aggregated by the optimized color opponent and robust background detection is presented to provide better precision and *** results on benchmark datasets and aerial refueling images show that the proposed method successfully extracts the saliency region or drogue and exhibits superior performance against the other saliency detection methods with intrinsic *** algorithm designed in this paper is competent for the drogue detection task of autonomous aerial refueling.

关键词： Autonomous aerial refueling Drones Hybrid pigeon-inspired optimization Color opponent Saliency detection Saliency aggregation

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